RESUMEN
Despite novel antidepressant development, 10-30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have antidepressant treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although new therapies are needed, lack of knowledge regarding the neural mechanisms underlying TRD hinders development of new therapeutic options. We aimed to identify brain regions in which spontaneous neural activity is not only altered in TRD but also associated with early treatment resistance in MDD. Sixteen patients with TRD, 16 patients with early-phase non-TRD and 26 healthy control (HC) subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. To identify brain region differences in spontaneous neural activity between patients with and without TRD, we assessed fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF). We also calculated correlations between the percent change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD17) scores and fALFF values in brain regions with differing activity for patients with and without TRD. Patients with TRD had increased right-thalamic fALFF values compared with patients without TRD. The percent change in HRSD17 scores negatively correlated with fALFF values in patients with non-TRD. In addition, patients with TRD showed increased fALFF values in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and vermis, compared with patients with non-TRD and HC subjects. Our results show that spontaneous activity in the right thalamus correlates with antidepressant treatment response. We also demonstrate that spontaneous activity in the right IFG, IPL and vermis may be specifically implicated in the neural pathophysiology of TRD.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno Depresivo Resistente al Tratamiento/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/fisiopatología , Trastorno Depresivo Resistente al Tratamiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Depresivo Resistente al Tratamiento/fisiopatología , Femenino , Neuroimagen Funcional , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lóbulo Parietal/fisiopatología , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Tálamo/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Alveolar bone mineral density (BMD) measured by radiography standardized by aluminum step wedge pasted on the film and digitized by a computer system was significantly higher around osteonecrosis lesions than in control cases in a pilot case-control study. High alveolar bone density appears useful as a local risk factor for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). INTRODUCTION: In an attempt to find a reliable test method predicting the occurrence of BRONJ in addition to various risk factors suggested, an increase of alveolar bone density near the necrotic lesions was found by computerized radiogrammetry using dental films pasted with an aluminum step wedge (Bone Right, Dentalgraphic.Com Company, Himeji) in six cases of BRONJ. METHODS: The bone mineral density surrounding the osteonecrosis lesions showed distinctly higher density in BRONJ cases compared with age-matched controls. In one subject on bisphosphonate treatment in whom two extractions were simultaneously carried out, BRONJ occurred only at the location with extremely high alveolar bone density, but not at the other site with normal density. CONCLUSION: This method may be useful in detecting a rise of alveolar BMD frequently occurring near the necrotic lesion in subjects with impending risk for BRONJ.
Asunto(s)
Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/efectos adversos , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Difosfonatos/efectos adversos , Osteonecrosis/inducido químicamente , Alveolo Dental/fisiopatología , Anciano , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Humanos , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Mandíbula/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteonecrosis/diagnóstico , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por Computador/métodos , Radiografía Dental/métodos , Extracción Dental , Alveolo Dental/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Two new eudesmane sesquiterpenes, 2alpha-hydroxy pterodontic acid (1) and pterodolide [3alpha-(2-methyl-2,3-epoxy)-butyric-4alpha-acetoxy-8beta-ethoxy eudesma-7(11)-en-8alpha,12-olide (2), along with five known compounds (3-7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Laggera pterodonta. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The immunosuppressive activity of the isolated compounds was investigated.
Asunto(s)
Asteraceae/química , Inmunosupresores/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunosupresores/química , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/química , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Laggera pterodonta afforded two new eudesmane sesquiterpenes, 3alpha,4beta,11-trihydroxyenantioeudesmane (pterodontriol E) (1) and 4beta,8beta,11-trihydroxyenantioeudesmane (pterodontriol F) (2), along with seven known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
Asunto(s)
Asteraceae/química , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/química , Estructura Molecular , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Four quinic acid gallates were isolated from the dried pods of Tara [Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze]. These compounds intensified the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to oxacillin. 3,4,5-Tri-O-galloylquinic acid methyl ester (2) was the most effective compound of them.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Caesalpinia/química , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , beta-Lactamas/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Resistencia a la Meticilina , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Oxacilina/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Quínico/química , Ácido Quínico/farmacología , beta-Lactamas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
We examined the effects of 48 compounds isolated from Ferula pallida, F. penninervis, Inula macrophylla, Prangos pabularia, P. tschimganica and Rheum maximowiczii collected in Uzbekistan on ADP/Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Of those compounds, 23 inhibited ADP/Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation and nine showed especially strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Most compounds that inhibited peroxidation scavenged the 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, indicating that the inhibition was due to radical scavenging. However, some compounds did not scavenge DPPH but inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly, suggesting that their inhibitory effect was not due to radical scavenging but to some other mechanism, such as prevention of Fe2+ function. Thus, we found various new antioxidants, some of which had a unique mechanism of action, in Ferula, Inula, Prangos and Rheum plants collected in Uzbekistan as seeds used in medicine.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Apiaceae/química , Ferula/química , Inula/química , Rheum/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Liposomas/metabolismo , Estructura Molecular , UzbekistánRESUMEN
The benzoyl-DL arginine-naphthylamide (BANA) test for detecting digesting peptidase and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measurement of pathogenic bacteria were performed in 15 patients with periodontal disease. The number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus and Treponema denticola, which are the most potent accelerators of alveolar bone resorption, were determined. Attachment loss and the BANA test showed significant close correlations with the number of pathogenic bacteria as well as with the tooth mobility and pocket depth. In conclusion, the BANA test and PCR measurement of bacteria are useful methods for detecting pathogenic bacteria that promote alveolar tissue destruction.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias Anaerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Placa Dental/microbiología , Enfermedades Periodontales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Periodontales/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/microbiología , Animales , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Infecciones por Bacteroides/diagnóstico , Benzoilarginina-2-Naftilamida , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Bolsa Periodontal/patología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Treponema/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Four women with periodontitis received intermittent cyclical etidronate (etidronate administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/day for 2 weeks, at intervals of 10-12 weeks or 6 months) for 4-5 years in addition to ordinary dental therapy. Alveolar bone density was measured using a new method comparing the percentage increase in density. Mean alveolar bone density increased significantly during intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment. Significant reductions were observed in the mobility of the teeth and the depth of periodontal pockets. There were significant correlations between alveolar bone density and both mobility of the teeth and the depth of the alveolar pockets. It is concluded that increases in alveolar bone density are associated with the clinical benefits of etidronate in the treatment of periodontitis.
Asunto(s)
Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Etidrónico/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Periodontales/tratamiento farmacológico , Absorciometría de Fotón , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Mandíbula/efectos de los fármacos , Mandíbula/fisiología , Maxilar/efectos de los fármacos , Maxilar/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Periodontales/patologíaRESUMEN
Macrophyllidimer C, a novel bis-sesquiterpene, in which the two sesquiterpene units are directly connected by a C-C bond, and eight other sesquiterpenolides were obtained from the bark of Inula macrophylla. Seven of these, macrophyllilactones A-G, are new eudesmanolide- and elemanolide-type sesquiterpenes. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and chemical reaction.
Asunto(s)
Inula/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos/química , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
Ethyl acetate extracts of the air-dried fruits of Ferula kuhistanica afforded three daucane esters: kuhistanicaol H, I and J, together with nine other known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Isolated compounds in this paper and previously reported compounds from the roots and stems of F. kuhistanica were tested for antibacterial activity. Some of them were selectively toxic against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA).
Asunto(s)
Ferula/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Frutas/química , Meticilina/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Etidronate 200 mg daily was administered to four female patients with periodontitis and resultant alveolar pyorrhoea for periods of 2 weeks, followed by off-periods of 10 weeks or more, for 2-3 years. The macroscopic appearance of gingival mobility of the teeth, depth of periodontal pockets, and X-ray findings of alveolar bones improved markedly during this time. The effects were first observed after 6-12 months of treatment. These findings indicate that bisphosphonates may be effective in the treatment of periodontitis and resultant alveolar pyorrhoea. The effect may be mediated by the inhibitory action on bone resorption and the anti-inflammatory action of etidronate. Concomitant conventional dental management is also required.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Etidrónico/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Periodontales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Periodontales/etiología , Periodontitis/complicaciones , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Resorción Ósea/tratamiento farmacológico , Resorción Ósea/patología , Ácido Etidrónico/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Periodontales/patología , Periodontitis/patología , Movilidad Dentaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Movilidad Dentaria/etiología , Movilidad Dentaria/patologíaRESUMEN
Complications of influenza include respiratory disorders (pneumonia, bronchitis and croup) and occasionally myocarditis, myositis, encephalitis, encephalopathy and Reye's syndrome, which may be life-threatening and cause various sequelae. We report two patients who developed unusual complications of influenza infection: one had ptosis and impaired ocular movement, and the other suffered from Guillain-Barré syndrome with paralysis of the extraocular muscles.
Asunto(s)
Blefaroptosis/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/diagnóstico , Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana/diagnóstico , Oftalmoplejía/diagnóstico , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
From the aerial parts of Phlomis spinidens, two new flavonol bisglycosides, phlomisflavosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated together with the known compounds, astragalin, isoquercitrin, lamiridoside, phlomoside A, shanzhiside methyl ester, 8-O-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester, phlorigidoside C, rodioloside (=salidroside), forsythoside B, citroside A and lariciresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucoside. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on spectral and chemical evidence.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides/química , Glicósidos/química , Lamiaceae/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoles , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Estructuras de las Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This paper is focused on our clinical use of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and angiofiber (AF) for spinal microsurgery. METHODS: EUS and AF were used in seven operations for syringomyelia and spinal tumor. We used EUS for extradural observation, and AF for extra and intra-dural, subarachnoid and intraluminal visual evaluation of the lesions. RESULTS: EUS images of the spinal cord, roots and lesions were clear, providing precise evaluation of the lesion and the course of the shunt tube in real time during surgery. AF could provide clear vision of the syrinx lumen or subarachnoid space. Because these fine instruments could be advanced under the unresected laminae, sonographic and endoscopic images were obtained from beyond the extent of laminotomy, where the microscope could not reach. CONCLUSION: Combined together, EUS and AF contributed to accurate and safe spinal surgery while minimising the laminotomy.
Asunto(s)
Endoscopios , Endosonografía/métodos , Monitoreo Intraoperatorio/instrumentación , Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Endoscopía/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monitoreo Intraoperatorio/métodosRESUMEN
The methanol extract of the dried aerial parts of Prangos tschimganica gave three new coumarin derivatives and 30 known coumarin derivatives. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Absolute configuration of the isolated compounds were determined by using a modified Mosher's method. Some of the isolated compounds showed anti-HIV activity.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH/química , Apiaceae/química , Cumarinas/química , Furocumarinas/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Acetilación , Fármacos Anti-VIH/farmacología , Cumarinas/farmacología , Furocumarinas/farmacología , VIH-1/efectos de los fármacos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Conformación Molecular , Espectrometría de Masa Bombardeada por Átomos Veloces , Uzbekistán , Zidovudina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Four new limonoid derivatives, 1-O-methylichangensin (1), sudachinoid A (2), B (3), and C (4) were isolated from the seeds of Citrus sudachi, together with the known compounds ichangensin, obacunone, obacunoic acid and limonin, and the structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Asunto(s)
Citratos/química , Citrus/química , Citratos/aislamiento & purificación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Semillas/química , Espectrometría de Masa Bombardeada por Átomos Veloces , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
Four new farnesyl hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, kuhistanols E-H (1-4), were isolated from the roots of the Uzbekistan medicinal plant Ferula kuhistanica. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Asunto(s)
Apiaceae/química , Benzoatos/aislamiento & purificación , Benzoatos/química , Estructura Molecular , Raíces de Plantas/química , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
The methanol extract of the dried aerial parts of Prangos tschimganica afforded seven monoterpenoids and four gamma-pyrone derivatives. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
Asunto(s)
Apiaceae/química , Pironas/aislamiento & purificación , Terpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Pironas/química , Análisis Espectral , Terpenos/químicaRESUMEN
Nine new sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids [wilfornines A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5), F (8), and G (9); wilfordinines I (6) and J (7)] and six known compounds (10-15) were isolated from a clinically used extract (T(II)) of Tripterygium wilfordii. The structures of 1-9 were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The inhibitory effects on cytokine production of 1-3 and several related compounds were evaluated. Compounds 10 and 14 showed significant inhibitory effects on cytokine production.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacología , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Alcaloides/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , China , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/aislamiento & purificación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Monocitos/metabolismo , Prednisolona/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Espectrometría de Masa Bombardeada por Átomos Veloces , Espectrofotometría InfrarrojaRESUMEN
A careful investigation of the subterranean part of Vitex rotundifolia has shown that this plant contains five novel lignans having a 1-phenylnaphthalene-type skeleton together with four known lignans. These structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Furthermore, some of the isolated compounds showed antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).