RESUMEN
A zwitterionic hapten 4 featuring both positively and negatively charged functional groups was designed and synthesized with the goal of generating catalytic antibodies for the hydrolysis of ester 6 and amide 7. Of the 36 monoclonal antibodies specific to BSA-4 (bovine serum albumin) that were isolated, six accelerated the hydrolysis of 6. Two catalytic antibodies with distinctively different and representative kinetic behaviors were selected for detailed kinetic studies. Whereas H8-2-6F11 showed burst kinetic behavior, which can be attributed to the formation of an acyl intermediate, H8-1-2D5 did not, but it did exhibit high multiple turnover activity. The rate of hydrolysis of 6 catalyzed by H8-1-2D5 followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics; the apparent values of the Michaelis-Menten constant Km and the catalytic constant kcat were 488 microM and 3.5 min(-1), respectively. The catalytic rate enhancement (kcat/kun) observed for H8-1-2D5 was 1.3 x 10(5), which is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than those for monofunctional haptens. Thus H8-1-2D5 compares well in catalytic activity with antibodies isolated by a related approach called heterologous immunization.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Catalíticos/química , Haptenos/inmunología , Amidas/metabolismo , Animales , Anticuerpos Catalíticos/biosíntesis , Sitios de Unión de Anticuerpos , Ésteres/metabolismo , Haptenos/administración & dosificación , Hidrólisis , Iones , Cinética , Ratones , Modelos Químicos , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The genetic and clinical characteristics of 55 patients with schizophrenia and 138 control patients (with major psychiatric disorders), were studied in relation to the season of birth. The morbid risk (MR) of schizophrenia was significantly higher among relatives of the schizophrenic probands born in Spring than among those of the psychiatric controls born in the same season. The MR of schizophrenia was also significantly higher among relatives of schizophrenic probands born in Winter or Spring (6.9%) than in those of schizophrenic probands born in Summer or Autumn (0%). Among the schizophrenic cases, Winter births were marginally related to the paranoid subtype, whereas other clinical variables showed no clear relationship with the season of birth.
Asunto(s)
Esquizofrenia/epidemiología , Esquizofrenia/genética , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/genética , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Trastornos Psicóticos/epidemiología , Trastornos Psicóticos/genética , Trastornos Psicóticos/psicología , Riesgo , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
We examined the linkage between schizophrenia and DNA markers on chromosome 11 in two Japanese pedigrees. Thirty individuals from the two pedigrees were genotyped at the eleven polymorphisms (eight loci) studied. Data were analyzed according to three models, representing a range of single gene models from near dominant to an intermediate model. For all markers, except those at the D11S35 locus, there is no evidence for the linkage. Positive LOD scores between 1 and 1.5 are obtained for some genetic models with the polymorphism at D11S35. Two point scores for the broad diagnostic model and for the intermediate parameter set peak at 1.49.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 11 , Ligamiento Genético/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Mapeo Cromosómico , Genes Dominantes/genética , Humanos , Japón , Linaje , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
We have investigated two pedigrees in an attempt to detect the putative linkages between affective disorder and c-Ha-ras-1 oncogene and the insulin gene on chromosome 11, or hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) on X chromosome. The linkage between affective disorders and the markers on chromosomes 11 and X was ruled out with the assumption of no recombination.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 11 , Trastorno Depresivo/genética , Ligamiento Genético/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Trastornos Psicóticos/genética , Aberraciones Cromosómicas Sexuales/genética , Cromosoma X , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Haplotipos/genética , Humanos , Linaje , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Trastornos Psicóticos/psicologíaRESUMEN
The family history of major psychiatric disorders was examined among relatives of 193 in-patients fulfilling the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for Schizophrenia, Unspecified Functional Psychoses, Schizoaffective Disorder, Manic Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder. The morbid risk (MR) for schizophrenia was greater among the relatives of probands with non-affective psychoses whereas the MR for mania was greater among the relatives of probands with affective bipolar disorder. When major psychiatric syndromes were examined, only manic syndrome showed familial aggregation.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales/genética , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/genética , Trastorno Depresivo/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Trastornos Psicóticos/genética , Factores de Riesgo , Esquizofrenia/genética , SíndromeRESUMEN
Distributions of seven blood groups (ABO, MNSs, P, Rh, Duffy, Kidd and Xg) were studied in a total of 118 Japanese patients with affective disorders. The patients were diagnosed according to the DSM-III: (1) Major Depression (= Unipolar Disorder, UP) (2) Bipolar Disorder (BP) and (3) Other Affective Disorders. The following results were found: (1) a high frequency of the B blood group in all patients with affective disorders compared with controls; (2) a high frequency of the Fy(a+b+) and a low frequency of the Fy(a+b-) in all patients with affective disorders, UP and BP compared with controls; (3) a low frequency of the Jk(a+b+) and a high frequency of the Jk(a+b-) in BP compared with controls and with UP.