A Scoping Review of Family Focussed Interventions to Prevent Prison Violence.

Violence is an ongoing concern for many people who live and work in correctional settings and yet relatively little is known about the effects of institutional violence prevention efforts. This paper reports the findings of a scoping review of recent research relevant to understanding the influence of one factor, contact with family, that potentially influences institutional violence in countries such as Aotearoa New Zealand where Indigenous peoples are over-represented in prison settings. A total of 15 different studies were identified that provided consistent evidence of an association between family contact and prison violence. The implications of this work for the development of evidence-based prison violence prevention strategies are discussed.

Fathers' help seeking behavior and attitudes during their transition to parenthood.

New fathers face multiple changes as they take on this complex, demanding, and continually shifting role. The current study aimed to understand these experiences, especially the ways fathers seek help and information while facing stressful situations. Eleven fathers completed a semi-structured interview about their transition to fatherhood and whether and how they sought help and advice through that process. Results were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Fathers viewed themselves as supportive figures and sources of financial and emotional stability for their families. Fathers experienced anxiety and uncertainty in their transition to parenthood, and utilized a variety of ways to cope with their stress; these were categorized into individual and interpersonal coping strategies. Most relied on their partner for emotional support, but some felt uncomfortable relying on her and using her for support while she was coping with pregnancy and new parenting. This study found that fathers tended to see themselves in a rather traditional role of provider and supporter of their partners and children, and this created some stresses for work-life balance, and, for some, created a dilemma where they felt unable to seek emotional support from the person-their partner-on whom they would typically rely. These findings have important implications for fathers' wellbeing and providing support programs for new fathers.

Papás novatos enfrentan múltiples retos a medida que asumen este papel complejo y exigente. Poco se sabe acerca de cómo los papás experimentan estos retos. Este estudio se propuso comprender estas experiencias, especialmente la manera como los papás buscan ayuda e información mientras que enfrentan situaciones estresantes. Once papás completaron una entrevista semiestructurada acerca de la transición a la paternidad y cómo buscaron ayuda a través de ese proceso. Los resultados se analizaron usando un análisis temático inductivo. Los papás se vieron a sí mismos como figuras de apoyo y fuentes de estabilidad económica y emocional para sus familias. Los papás experimentaron ansiedad en la transición a la paternidad y utilizaron diferentes maneras para arreglárselas con el estrés; estas maneras fueron categorizadas en estrategias individuales e interpersonales para arreglárselas. La mayoría confió en sus parejas para apoyo emocional, pero algunos se sintieron incómodos confiando en ella para ese apoyo mientras que ella se las arreglaba con el embarazo y la nueva crianza. En este estudio se encontró que los papás tendían a verse a sí mismos en un papel tradicional de proveer y de apoyar a sus familias, y esto produjo cierto estrés para equilibrar la vida laboral, así como un dilema en los casos en que se sintieron incapaces de buscar el apoyo emocional de sus parejas en quienes ellos confiaban típicamente. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes para el bienestar de los papás y proveer programas de apoyo para los nuevos papás.

Les nouveaux pères font face à de nombreux défis quand ils embrassent ce rôle complexe et difficile. On sait peu de choses sur la façon dont les pères vivent ces défis. Cette étude s'est donné pour but de comprendre ces expériences, surtout les manières dont les pères cherchent de l'aide et des renseignements tout en faisant face à des situations stressantes. Onze pères ont rempli un entretien semi-structuré sur leur transition la paternité et la manière dont ils ont cherché de l'aide au travers de ce processus. Les résultats ont été analysés en utilisant une analyse thématique inductive. Les pères se sont perçus comme des figures de soutien et des sources de stabilité financière et émotionnelle pour leur famille. Les pères ont fait l'expérience d'anxiété dans leur transition à la parentalité et ont utilisé différentes manières de faire face au stress; celles-ci ont été catégorisées en stratégies d'adaptation individuelles et interpersonnelles. La plupart se sont appuyés sur leur partenaire pour le soutien émotionnel, mais certains d'entre eux n'étaient pas l'aise de compter sur elle pour du soutien alors qu'elle faisait face à la grossesse et au nouveau parentage. Cette étude a trouvé que les pères avaient tendance à se voir dans un rôle traditionnel de père pourvoyeur et de soutien pour leur famille et cela déclenchait des stress pour l'équilibre travail-vie de faille, et un dilemme s'est avéré être qu'ils se sentaient incapables de chercher du soutien émotionnel auprès de leur partenaire sur qui ils compteraient typiquement. Ces résultats ont des implications importantes pour le bien-être des pères et la création de programmes de soutien aux nouveaux pères.

From Substitute to Supported Decision Making: Practitioner, Community and Service-User Perspectives on Privileging Will and Preferences in Mental Health Care.

Compliance with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) requires substitute decision making being abolished and replaced with supported decision making. The current exploratory study involved a series of hui (meetings) with subject matter experts across the spectrum of the mental health care system to identify interventions facilitative of supported decision making; and the prioritisation of those in accordance with their own perspectives. A mixed-methods approach was used to categorise, describe and rank the data. Categories of intervention identified included proactive pre-event planning/post-event debriefing, enabling options and choices, information provision, facilitating conditions and support to make a decision, and education. The category of facilitating conditions and support to make a decision was prioritised by the majority of stakeholders; however, people from Maori, Pasifika, and LGBTQIA+ perspectives, who disproportionally experience inequities and discrimination, prioritised the categories of proactive post-event debriefing/pre-event planning and/or information provision. Similar attributes across categories of intervention detailed the importance of easily and variably accessible options and choices and how these could best be supported in terms of people, place, time, material resources, regular reviews and reflection. Implications of these findings, particularly in terms of the operationalisation of supported decision making in practice, are discussed.

Barriers and Facilitators of Access to Psychological Services for Indigenous Populations: A Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis.

Background: The extent to which behavior-analytic interventions are offered to Indigenous populations across CANZUS in accessible and culturally appropriate ways is unknown. We conducted a scoping review with a thematic analysis of the extant literature to find: (1) what are the barriers and facilitators for providing effective and equitable delivery of psychological services (with a behavioral component) to Indigenous populations; and (2) what tools and practices exist for an effective and equitable service delivery. Methods: We systematically reviewed Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of science, Ovid and INNZ databases between 1990 and 2020. For the scoping review, we adhered to the JBI methodological approach (2015) and the PRISMA strategy for the identification, selection, and appraisal of the reviewed articles. A total of 1265 unique articles met the criteria for the screening by title; 238 by abstract; 57 were included for full text assessment; and 37 were included in the final analysis. Results: Three themes were revealed to account for the barriers and facilitators of culturally friendly practices: (1) connecting practices are about interactions shaping the relationship between service provider and service client; (2) innovative practices test new approaches and innovations that could facilitate access to psychological services and overcome barriers, and (3) reflective practices are about critically examining the processes and actions undertaken toward effective cultural adaptation of services. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the level of success in bringing together services and the recipients of treatment (connection), showing flexibility and persistence in finding solutions (innovation) and examining the role of our behaviors in reaching our goals (reflection) is determined by the providers' action in the aforementioned three dimensions of practice.

Assessing violence risk with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander offenders: considerations for forensic practice.

Forensic professionals and courts have frequently expressed concern about the susceptibility of contemporary risk assessment tools to cultural bias. Furthermore, progress in the development of valid methods of assessment for offenders who identify from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural backgrounds has been slow. This paper considers how cultural perspectives on risk are essential to the development of assessment methods that have greater validity and acceptance by both courts and the community. This will involve considering the social, cultural and political determinants of risk in each cultural group and the identification of those risk factors that are most relevant to forensic decision-making.

'Biologizing' Psychopathy: Ethical, Legal, and Research Implications at the Interface of Epigenetics and Chronic Antisocial Conduct.

Epigenetics, a field that links genetics and environmental influences on the expression of phenotypic traits, offers to increase our understanding of the development and trajectory of disease and psychological disorders beyond that thought of traditional genetic research and behavioural measures. By extension, this new perspective has implications for risk and risk management of antisocial behaviour where there is a biological component, such as psychopathy. Psychopathy is a personality disorder associated with repeat displays of antisocial behaviour, and is associated with the disproportionate imposition of harm on communities. Despite advances in our knowledge of psychopathic individuals, the construct remains complex and is hampered by a lack of integration across a range of fundamental domains. The clinical and forensic research on psychopathy is brought into conversation with the emerging field of epigenetics to highlight critical issues of (1) clinical definition and diagnosis, (2) assessment, (3) aetiology of psychopathic phenotypes, and (4) treatment and rehabilitation approaches. Broader ethical and legal questions of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the management of psychopathy beyond the criminal justice arena are also outlined.