Spatial characteristics and restructuring model of the agro-cultural heritage site in the context of culture and tourism integration.

Tourism promotes the economic development of agro-cultural heritage sites while causing the problem of spatial alienation, so exploring the spatial alienation problems based on the integration of culture and tourism is of great significance for achieving the sustainable development of tourism in agro-cultural heritage sites. This study took the Yuanyang Hani Terrace agro-cultural heritage site as the research area, constructed the model of the spatial system of the agro-cultural heritage site based on the classical grounded theory, and analyzed the spatial characteristics of the agro-cultural heritage site. The results show that the spatial disorder of the agro-cultural heritage site is caused by the interaction of the imbalance of physical space, the fragmentation of cultural space and the complications of social space. Next, this study constructed the model for the spatial restructuring of the agro-cultural heritage site in the context of culture and tourism integration, with the integration of management systems as a guiding force, the integration of talent systems as a crucial force, the integration of agricultural, cultural and tourism resources as a core force, the integration of the cultural and tourism industries as a driving force, the integration of ecology and culture as a basic force, and the integration of digital scenes as an innovative force. This study expands and deepens the spatial theory of tourist destinations and the knowledge system of cultural heritage tourism, and provides a systematic implementation framework and management tools for the integration of culture and tourism and the high-quality development of agro-cultural heritage sites.

Visitor Engagement, Relationship Quality, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior.

Visitor environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) is helpful for promoting the sustainable development of tourist destinations. Existing studies on visitor ERB tend to either focus on restraining visitors' environmental misconducts or rely on visitors' psychological factors. Based on the theory of engagement, this paper constructs a theoretical model to explain visitors' self-conscious ERB. Visitor engagement with the destination is investigated as an independent variable which leads to the improvement of relationship quality and visitor ERB. Relationship quality is explored to mediate the impact of visitor engagement on ERB. In addition, the moderating role of environmental clue on the tested relationships is also examined. This study adopts partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to investigate a total of 410 valid questionnaires. The results show that (1) visitor engagement with the destination positively affects visitor ERB; (2) relationship quality mediates the impact of visitor engagement on visitor ERB; (3) environmental clue plays a significant moderating role in the effects of engagement and relationship quality on visitor ERB. The study extends theoretical perspectives on visitor ERB and customer engagement, and provides managerially practical value to better understand visitors' self-conscious ERB.

Population exposure-response model to support dosing evaluation of ixekizumab in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis.

Ixekizumab (LY2439821), a humanized immunoglobulin G subclass 4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody that selectively binds and neutralizes interleukin (IL) 17A has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis. A population pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics model was developed using NONMEM 7.2 to describe the temporal relationship between ixekizumab concentrations and absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores from a phase 2 dose-finding study in chronic plaque psoriasis. The objective was to inform dose-selection for further development. The primary endpoint, PASI 75 (75% or greater improvement from baseline PASI score) was then derived from each individual's absolute PASI score. The population pharmacokinetics of ixekizumab was characterized by a two-compartment model, while the exposure-response relationship was characterized using an indirect response model that described the pharmacological effects of ixekizumab and placebo in the form of inhibition of the formation of psoriatic skin lesions. PASI 75 responder status at the Week 12 primary endpoint was found to be a significant covariate on the concentration producing half maximal effect (EC50 ). While the results suggested patient may have different levels of sensitivity to ixekizumab, it is possible that nonresponder patients assigned to lower doses of ixekizumab may potentially become responders to ixekizumab if given doses that yield adequate exposures.

[Tourism function zoning of Jinyintan Grassland Scenic Area in Qinghai Province based on ecological sensitivity analysis].

Based on the statistical data of natural ecology and social economy in Jinyintan Grassland Scenic Area in Qinghai Province in 2008, an evaluation index system for the ecological sensitivity of this area was established from the aspects of protected area rank, vegetation type, slope, and land use type. The ecological sensitivity of the sub-areas with higher tourism value and ecological function in the area was evaluated, and the tourism function zoning of these sub-areas was made by the technology of GIS and according to the analysis of eco-environmental characteristics and ecological sensitivity of each sensitive sub-area. It was suggested that the Jinyintan Grassland Scenic Area could be divided into three ecological sensitivity sub-areas (high, moderate, and low), three tourism functional sub-areas (restricted development ecotourism, moderate development ecotourism, and mass tourism), and six tourism functional sub-areas (wetland protection, primitive ecological sightseeing, agriculture and pasture tourism, grassland tourism, town tourism, and rural tourism).

[Chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of Machilus pauhoi and M. leptophylla].

By using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter, LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system, and spectrophotometer, the leaf SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and chlorophyll (a + b) content (Ct) of 3-year-old Machilus pauhoi and M. leptophylla seedlings were measured, and the relationships of SPAD value with Pn and Ct were analyzed. The M. pauhoi seedlings were grown from the seeds originated from Suichuan County of Jiangxi Province and Jian'ou County of Fujian Province, named as MPS and MPJ, respectively; while the M. leptophylla seedlings were grown from the seeds originated from Shangyou County of Jiangxi Province, named as MLG. There were significant differences in the mean chlorophyll content of MPS, MPJ, and MLG. The SPAD value and the contents of chlorophyll (a + b) (Ct), chlorophyll a (Ca) and chlorophyll b (Cb) were in the order of MPS < MLG < MPJ, with the mean SPAD value being 43.80, 45.12, and 50.67 and the Ct value being 1.944, 2.831, and 3.447 mg c g(-1), respectively. The chlorophyll content was influenced by the maturing degree of mesophyll tissues of M. pauhoi and M. leptophylla, being lower in current-year leaves than in 2-year-old leaves. The Ct of same age leaves at different crown layers of MPS and MPJ and of MLG was in the order of upper layer < middle layer < lower layer and of upper layer < lower layer < middle layer, respectively, and the SPAD value of the same lamina at different positions was in the order of apex < middle < base. SPAD value had a significant positive linear correlation with Ct, and a statistically not significant positive correlation with Pn.