Chromosomal imbalances revealed in primary renal cell carcinomas by comparative genomic hybridization.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of all new cancer cases. Although the classification of RCC is based mainly on histology, this method is not always accurate. We applied comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to determine genomic alterations in 46 cases of different RCC histological subtypes [10 cases of clear cell RCC (CCRCC), 13 cases of papillary RCC (PRCC), 12 cases of chromophobe RCC (CRCC), 9 cases of Xp11.2 translocation RCC (Xp11.2RCC), 2 cases of undifferentiated RCC (unRCC)], and investigated the relationships between clinical parameters and genomic aberrations. Changes involving one or more regions of the genome were seen in all RCC patients; DNA sequence gains were most frequently (>30%) seen in chromosomes 7q, 16p, and 20q; losses from 1p, 3p, 13q, 14q, and 8p. We conclude CGH is a useful complementary method for differential diagnosis of RCC. Loss of 3p21-25, 15q, and gain of 16p11-13 are relatively particular to CCRCC vs. other types of RCC. Gain of 7p13-22, 8q21-24, and loss of 18q12-ter, 14q13-24, and Xp11-q13/Y are more apparent in PRCC, and gain of 8q21-24 is characteristic of type 2 PRCC vs. type 1 PRCC. Loss of 2q12-32, 10p12-15, and 11p11-15, 13p are characteristic of CRCC, and gain of 3p and loss of 11p11-15 and 13p are significant differentiators between common CRCC and CRCC accompanied by sarcomatous change groups. Gain of Xp11-12 is characteristic of the Xp11.2RCC group. Based on Multivariate Cox regression analysis, aberration in 5 chromosome regions were poor prognostic markers of RCC, and include the gain of chromosome 12p12-ter (P = 0.034, RR = 3.502, 95% CI 1.097-11.182), 12q14-ter (P = 0.002, RR = 5.115, 95% CI 1.847-14.170), 16q21-24 (P = 0.044, RR = 2.629, 95% CI 1.027-6.731), 17p12-ter (P = 0.017, RR = 3.643, 95% CI 1.262-10.512) and the loss of 18q12-23 (P = 0.049, RR = 2.911, 95% CI 1.006-8.425), which may provide clues of new genes involved in RCC tumorigenesis.

Lutein has a protective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic via Nrf2 signaling.

Arsenic produces liver disease through the oxidative stress. While lutein can alleviate cytotoxic and oxidative injury, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway plays a critical role in defending oxidative species. However, the mechanisms by which lutein protects the liver against the effect of arsenic are not known. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mechanisms involved in the action of lutein using mice model in which hepatotoxicity was induced by arsenic. We found that mice treatment with lutein could reverse changes in morphological and liver indexes and result in a significant improvement in hepatic function comparing with arsenic trioxide group. Lutein treatment improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes and attenuated increasing of ROS and MDA induced by arsenic trioxide. Lutein could increase the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 signaling related genes (Nrf2, Nqo1, Ho-1, and Gst). These findings provide additional evidence that lutein may be useful for reducing reproductive injury associated with oxidative stress by the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism of antioxidant lutein in preventing the hepatotoxicity, which implicate that a dietary lutein may be a potential treatment for liver diseases, especially for arsenicosis therapy.

[Association of lipoprotein lipase gene Hind III and S447X polymorphisms in metabolic syndrome patients among Kazakh and Han ethnics from Xinjiang].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of lipoprotein lipase gene Hind III and S447X polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome among Kazakh and Han ethnicities in Xinjiang. METHODS: PCR-RFLP was used to detect 802 subjects' lipoprotein lipase Hind III and S447X genotypes (including 201 controls and 200 metabolic syndrome patients in Kazakh and Han ethnicities, respectively). RESULTS: (1) Frequencies of H+H-/H-H- genotype (32.50% vs. 47.76%), H- allele (18.00% vs. 28.86%), SX/XX genotype (8.00% vs. 22.39%) and X allele (4.00% vs. 12.44%) for metabolic syndrome in Han ethnicity were all significantly lower than those in controls (P < 0.01). (2) The frequencies of H+H-/H-H- genotype (33.50% vs. 46.80%), H- allele (22.00% vs. 28.60%), SX/XX genotype (10.50% vs. 22.90%) and X allele (5.50% vs. 12.44%) in patients with metabolic syndrome in Kazakh were all significantly lower than those for controls (P < 0.01). (3) The frequencies of lipoprotein lipase gene Hind III and S447X genotypes and alleles in Kazakh were not significantly different from Han (all P > 0.05). (4) The levels of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride and FPG in H+H-/H-H- and SX/XX genotype were significantly lower than those in H+H+ and SS genotype. HDL-C was significantly higher than that in H+H+ and SS genotype (P < 0.05). (5) The frequencies of H+H+ and SS genotype increased along with the increase in number of metabolic syndrome component. CONCLUSION: The lipoprotein lipase gene Hind III and S447X polymorphisms were associated with metabolic syndrome risk in Kazakh, and H+H-/H-H- genotype, H- allele, SX/XX genotype and X allele might have served as protective factors of metabolic syndrome. H+H-/H-H- and SX/XX genotype seemed to have had beneficial effects for all the metabolic syndrome components, and the frequencies of H+H+ and SS genotype were increasing along with the increase of number in the metabolic syndrome components.

[Analysis on the changing trends of non-communicable diseases in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, from 1998 to 2008].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the changing trends of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps from 1998 to 2008. METHODS: A stratified-cluster random sampling based cross-sectional NCDs survey was carried out in 2008, and using the data of NCDs from the health service surveys in 1998 and 2004, in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The prevalence rate of NCDs was standardization according to age proportion of the population being surveyed in 1998. RESULTS: In 1998, 2004 and 2008, the prevalence rates of NCDs in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were 17.26%, 25.61%, 24.85% while the Standardized rates of NCDs were 17.26%, 23.54% and 20.49% respectively. The prevalence rates of NCDs were statistically significant different in 35-, 45-, 55- and over 65 age groups in 1998, 2004 and 2008 which showed an consecutive upward trend. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased significantly from 1998 to 2008. The prevalence rate of hypertensive disease among 25- age group, diabetes among 35- age group, cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease among 45- age groups showed an increasing trend. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, together with diabetes were the fastest increasing ones over the past 10 years and becoming the major diseases, making the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps an aging population. NCDs should be prioritized in the health development plan. Targeted health education should be carried out in the whole population, together with other interventions as well as management programs on chronic diseases to reduce the prevalence of NCDs.