Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in urban China, 2013-2017: A nationwide population-based study.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is becoming a growing public health concern due to increasing disease and economic burdens. Epidemiological information about SLE, especially its incidence rate, is limited in developing countries. In the current study, we sought to investigate the incidence, prevalence, and economic burdens of SLE in urban China. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using databases from Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance between 2013 and 2017, covering approximately 300 million residents in 23 provincial regions in China. Incidence rate and prevalence were standardized by age and gender to China's 2010 national census data. Additionally, we calculated the average annual costs and hospital visit rates. A total of 132,258 SLE patients were identified during the study period, with a mean age of 43.03 years (standard deviation: 15.29 years). Of these patients, 81.33% were women. In 2017, the standardized incidence rate of SLE in China was 14.09 (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.95-16.41) per 100,000 person-years, with a higher incidence in women than in men (26.41 vs. 5.92 per 100,000 person-years). Standardized prevalence in 2017 was 47.61 (41.77-53.83), 94.16 (80.67-108.69), and 17.86 (13.84-22.38) per 100,000 people in the overall, female, and male populations, respectively. The average annual rates of increase in prevalence were 21.50%, 19.72%, and 25.67% from 2013 to 2017 in the overall, female, and male populations, respectively. The age-specific incidence rates peaked at 30-49 years old in women and 40-59 years old in men. SLE incident and prevalent cases were most common in North-West China and less common in southern and eastern China. Distinct variations in incidence rates across different regions are also consistent with the varying levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure in China. Additionally, the average estimated annual per-capita cost was 1599.34 US dollars in SLE patients, with the highest costs observed in adolescent and young adult patients among different age groups. The SLE population in China is rapidly expanding, and younger at onset, especially in women, which has placed significant burdens on China's healthcare system.

Healthy Lifestyles Modify the Association of Melatonin Receptor 1B Gene and Ischemic Stroke: A Family-Based Cohort Study in Northern China.

Limited research has reported the association between MTNR1B gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke (IS), and there is insufficient evidence on whether adopting a healthy lifestyle can mitigate genetic risks in this context. This study aimed to investigate the associations between MTNR1B gene variants (rs10830963 and rs1387153) and IS, examining the potential effect of gene-lifestyle interactions on IS risk. Conducted in northern China, this family-based cohort study involved 5116 initially IS-free subjects. Genotype data for rs10830963 and rs1387153 in MTNR1B were collected. Eight modifiable lifestyle factors, including body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, physical activity, sedentary time, sleep duration, and chronotype, were considered in calculating healthy lifestyle scores. Multilevel Cox models were used to examine the associations between MTNR1B variants and IS. Participants carrying the rs10830963-G and rs1387153-T alleles exhibited an elevated IS risk. Each additional rs10830963-G allele and rs1387153-T allele increased the IS risk by 36% (HR = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.12-1.65) and 32% (HR = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.09-1.60), respectively. Participants were stratified into low, medium, and high healthy lifestyle score groups (1537, 2188, and 1391 participants, respectively). Genetic-lifestyle interactions were observed for rs10830963 and rs1387153 (p for interaction < 0.001). Notably, as the healthy lifestyle score increased, the effect of MTNR1B gene variants on IS risk diminished (p for trend < 0.001). This study underscores the association between the MTNR1B gene and IS, emphasizing that adherence to a healthy lifestyle can mitigate the genetic predisposition to IS.

tRNA-derived fragment 3'tRF-AlaAGC modulates cell chemoresistance and M2 macrophage polarization via binding to TRADD in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Drug resistance, including Adriamycin-based therapeutic resistance, remains a challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment. Studies have revealed that macrophages could play a pivotal role in mediating the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that tRNA-Derived small RNAs (tDRs) are associated the physiological and pathological processes in multiple cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of tDRs on chemoresistance of BC in tumor-associated macrophages remain largely unknown. METHODS: The high-throughput sequencing technique was used to screen tDRs expression profile in BC cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments and xenograft models were performed to verify the biological function of 3'tRF-Ala-AGC in BC cells. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to investigate immune cell infiltration in BC tissues. To explore the role of 3'tRF-Ala-AGC in macrophages, M2 macrophages transfected with 3'tRF-Ala-AGC mimic or inhibitor were co-cultured with BC cells. Effects on Nuclear factor-κb (NF-κb) pathway were investigated by NF-κb nuclear translocation assay and western blot analysis. RNA pull-down assay was performed to identify 3'tRF-Ala-AGC interacting proteins. RESULTS: A 3'tRF fragment of 3'tRF-AlaAGC was screened, which is significantly overexpressed in BC specimens and Adriamycin-resistant cells. 3'tRF-AlaAGC could promote cell malignant activity and facilitate M2 polarization of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Higher expression of M2 macrophages were more likely to have lymph node metastasis and deeper invasion in BC patients. Mechanistically, 3'tRF-AlaAGC binds Type 1-associated death domain protein (TRADD) in BC cells, and suppression of TRADD partially abolished the enhanced effect of 3'tRF-AlaAGC mimic on phenotype of M2. The NF-κb signaling pathway was activated in BC cells co-cultured with M2 macrophages transfected with 3'tRF-AlaAGC mimic. CONCLUSIONS: 3'tRF-AlaAGC might modulate macrophage polarization via binding to TRADD and increase the effect of M2 on promoting the chemoresistance in BC cells through NF-κb signaling pathway.

[A ssociations of short-term ambient particulate matter exposure and MTNR1B gene with triglyceride-glucose index: A family-based study].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of short-term particulate matter (PM) exposure and the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene on triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index utilizing data from Fang-shan Family-based Ischemic Stroke Study in China (FISSIC). METHODS: Probands and their relatives from 9 rural areas in Fangshan District, Beijing, were included in the study. PM data were obtained from fixed monitoring stations of the National Air Pollution Monitoring System. TyG index was calculated by fasting triglyceride and glucose concentrations. The associations of short-term PM exposure and rs10830963 polymorphism of the MTNR1B gene with the TyG index were assessed using mixed linear models, in which covariates such as age, sex, and lifestyles were adjusted for. Gene-environment inter-action analysis was furtherly performed using the maximum likelihood methods to explore the potential effect modifier role of rs10830963 polymorphism in the association of PM with TyG index. RESULTS: A total of 4 395 participants from 2 084 families were included in the study, and the mean age of the study participants was (58.98±8.68) years, with 53. 90% females. The results of association analyses showed that for every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration, TyG index increased by 0.017 (95%CI: 0.007-0.027), while for per 10 µg/m3 increment in PM10, TyG index increased by 0.010 (95%CI: 0.003-0.017). And the associations all had lagged effects. In addition, there was a positive association between the rs10830963 polymorphism and the TyG index. For per increase in risk allele G, TyG index was elevated by 0.040 (95%CI: 0.004-0.076). The TyG index was 0.079 (95%CI: 0.005-0.152) higher in carriers of the GG genotype compared with carriers of the CC genotype. The interaction of rs10830963 polymorphism with PM exposure had not been found to be statistically significant in the present study. CONCLUSION: Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with higher TyG index. The G allele of rs10830963 polymorphism in the MTNR1B gene was associated with the elevated TyG index.

[Comparison of initiation of antihypertensive therapy strategies for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese population: A decision-analytic Markov modelling study].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health benefits and intervention efficiency of different strategies of initiating antihypertensive therapy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in a community-based Chinese population from the Chinese electronic health records research in Yinzhou (CHERRY) study. METHODS: A decision-analytic Markov model was used to simulate and compare different antihypertensive initiation strategies, including: Strategy 1, initiation of antihypertensive therapy for Chinese adults with systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg (2020 Chinese guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases); Strategy 2, initiation of antihypertensive therapy for Chinese adults with SBP ≥130 mmHg; Strategy 3, initiation of antihypertensive therapy for Chinese adults with SBP≥140 mmHg, or with SBP between 130 and 140 mmHg and at high risk of cardiovascular diseases (2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults); Strategy 4, initiation of antihypertensive therapy for Chinese adults with SBP≥160 mmHg, or with SBP between 140 and 160 mmHg and at high risk of cardiovascular diseases (2019 United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline for the hypertension in adults: Diagnosis and management). The high 10-year cardiovascular risk was defined as the predicted risk over 10% based on the 2019 World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts. Different strategies were simulated by the Markov model for ten years (cycles), with parameters mainly from the CHERRY study or published literature. After ten cycles of simulation, the numbers of quality-adjusted life years (QALY), cardiovascular events and all-cause deaths were calculated to evaluate the health benefits of each strategy, and the numbers needed to treat (NNT) for each cardiovascular event or all-cause death could be prevented were calculated to assess the intervention efficiency. One-way sensitivity analysis on the uncertainty of incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and probabilistic sensitivity analysis on the uncertainty of hazard ratios of interventions were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 213 987 Chinese adults aged 35-79 years without cardiovascular diseases were included. Compared with strategy 1, the number of cardiovascular events that could be prevented in strategy 2 increased by 666 (95% UI: 334-975), while the NNT per cardiovascular event prevented increased by 10 (95% UI: 7-20). In contrast to strategy 1, the number of cardiovascular events that could be prevented in strategy 3 increased by 388 (95% UI: 194-569), and the NNT per cardiovascular event prevented decreased by 6 (95% UI: 4-12), suggesting that strategy 3 had better health benefits and intervention efficiency. Compared to strategy 1, although the number of cardiovascular events that could be prevented decreased by 193 (95% UI: 98-281) in strategy 4, the NNT per cardiovascular event prevented decreased by 18 (95% UI: 13-37) with better efficiency. The results were consistent in the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: When initiating antihypertensive therapy in an economically developed area of China, the strategy combined with cardiovascular risk assessment is more efficient than those purely based on the SBP threshold. The cardiovascular risk assessment strategy with different SBP thresholds is suggested to balance health benefits and intervention efficiency in diverse populations.

"Core-Shell" Wave Function Modulation in Organic Narrowband Emitters.

Efficient red-green-blue primary luminescence with an extraordinarily narrow band and durability is crucial for advanced display applications. Recently, the emergence of multiple-resonance (MR) from short-range atomic interactions has been shown to induce extremely narrow spectral widths in pure organic emitters. However, achieving wide-range color tuning without compromising color purity remains a persistent challenge for MR emitters. Herein, the concept of electronic donor/acceptor "core-shell" modulation is proposed within a boron/nitrogen (B/N) MR skeleton, enabling the rational utilization of intramolecular charge transfer to facilitate wavelength shift. The dense B atoms localized at the center of the molecule effectively compress the electron density and stabilize the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital wave function. This electron-withdrawing core is embedded with peripheral electron-donating atoms. Consequently, doping a single B atom into a deep-blue MR framework led to a profound bathochromic shift from 447 to 624 nm (∼0.8 eV) while maintaining a narrow spectral width of 0.10 eV in this pure-red emitter. Notably, organic light-emitting diodes assisted by thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules achieved superb electroluminescent stability, with an LT99 (99% of the initial luminance) exceeding 400 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2, approaching commercial-level performance without the assistance of phosphors.

Transcriptome Analysis of Potato Leaves under Oxidative Stress.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major global food crop, and oxidative stress can significantly impact its growth. Previous studies have shown that its resistance to oxidative stress is mainly related to transcription factors, post-translational modifications, and antioxidant enzymes in vivo, but the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome data from potato leaves treated with H2O2 and Methyl viologen (MV), and a control group, for 12 h. We enriched 8334 (CK vs. H2O2) and 4445 (CK vs. MV) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, and randomly selected 15 DEGs to verify the sequencing data by qRT-PCR. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly concentrated in cellular components and related to molecular function, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that most of the DEGs were related to metabolic pathways, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK-signaling pathway, and plant-pathogen interactions. In addition, several candidate transcription factors, mainly including MYB, WRKY, and genes associated with Ca2+-mediated signal transduction, were also found to be differentially expressed. Among them, the plant hormone genes Soltu.DM.03G022780 and Soltu.DM.06G019360, the CNGC gene Soltu.DM.06G006320, the MYB transcription factors Soltu.DM.06G004450 and Soltu.DM.09G002130, and the WRKY transcription factor Soltu.DM.06G020440 were noticeably highly expressed, which indicates that these are likely to be the key genes in the regulation of oxidative stress tolerance. Overall, these findings lay the foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of potato leaves in response to oxidative stress.

[Retracted] Fe3O4­solamargine induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells.

Following the publication of the above article, a concerned reader drew to the Editor's attention that certain of the Transwell invasion assay data shown in Fig. 5B on p. 911 were strikingly similar to data that had appeared in a previously published paper written by different authors at a different research institute. In view of the fact that certain of the data in the above article had already appeared in a previously published paper, the Editor of International Journal of Oncology has decided that this paper should be retracted from the publication. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [International Journal of Oncology 54: 905­915, 2019; DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4637].

Transcription factors as molecular switches regulating plant responses to drought stress.

Plants often experience abiotic stress, which severely affects their growth. With the advent of global warming, drought stress has become a pivotal factor affecting crop yield and quality. Increasing numbers of studies have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought stress. As molecular switches, transcription factors (TFs) are key participants in drought-resistance regulatory networks in crops. TFs regulate the transcription of downstream genes and are regulated by various upstream regulatory factors. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action of TFs in regulating drought stress can help enhance the adaptive capacity of crops under drought conditions. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics of several common TFs, their multiple drought-response pathways, and recently employed research strategies. We describe the application of new technologies such as analysis of stress granule dynamics and function, multi-omics data, gene editing, and molecular crosstalk between TFs in drought resistance. This review aims to familiarize readers with the regulatory network of TFs in drought resistance and to provide a reference for examining the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in plants and improving agronomic traits.

Delocalized, asynchronous, closed-loop discovery of organic laser emitters.

Contemporary materials discovery requires intricate sequences of synthesis, formulation, and characterization that often span multiple locations with specialized expertise or instrumentation. To accelerate these workflows, we present a cloud-based strategy that enabled delocalized and asynchronous design-make-test-analyze cycles. We showcased this approach through the exploration of molecular gain materials for organic solid-state lasers as a frontier application in molecular optoelectronics. Distributed robotic synthesis and in-line property characterization, orchestrated by a cloud-based artificial intelligence experiment planner, resulted in the discovery of 21 new state-of-the-art materials. Gram-scale synthesis ultimately allowed for the verification of best-in-class stimulated emission in a thin-film device. Demonstrating the asynchronous integration of five laboratories across the globe, this workflow provides a blueprint for delocalizing-and democratizing-scientific discovery.

Stable pure-green organic light-emitting diodes toward Rec.2020 standard.

Manipulating dynamic behaviours of charge carriers and excitons in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is essential to simultaneously achieve high colour purity and superior operational lifetime. In this work, a comprehensive transient electroluminescence investigation reveals that incorporating a thermally activated delayed fluorescence assistant molecule with a deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital into a bipolar host matrix effectively traps the injected electrons. Meanwhile, the behaviours of hole injection and transport are still dominantly governed by host molecules. Thus, the recombination zone notably shifts toward the interface between the emissive layer (EML) and the electron-transporting layer (ETL). To mitigate the interfacial carrier accumulation and exciton quenching, this bipolar host matrix could serve as a non-barrier functional spacer between EML/ETL, enabling the distribution of recombination zone away from this interface. Consequently, the optimized OLED exhibits a low driving voltage, promising device stability (95% of the initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2, LT95 > 430 h), and a high Commission Internationale de L'Éclairage y coordinate of 0.69. This indicates that managing the excitons through rational energy level alignment holds the potential for simultaneously satisfying Rec.2020 standard and achieving commercial-level stability.

Evaluation of 5'-tRF-His-GTG As a Molecular Biomarker in Breast Cancer Diagnoses and Prognosis.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Although advances have been made in the identification of predictive biomarkers, current options for early diagnosis and prognostic analysis are still suboptimal. Recently, transfer-RNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) have emerged as a class of small noncoding RNAs that play a role in the cancer progression. The authors aimed to identify a specific class of tRFs as a molecular marker for BC diagnosis and prognosis in clinical management. Methods: The levels of 5'-tRF-His-GTG were quantified in BC tissue (n = 101) and inflammatory normal breast tissue (n = 22) using in situ hybridization. Clinicopathological parameters were obtained, including age, tumor node metastasis stage, hormone receptor status, histopathological grade, lymphovascular invasion, and recurrence. The correlation between the expression of 5'-tRF-His-GTG and these parameters in different BC subtypes was analyzed. Patient death and cancer progression were regarded as clinical endpoints in the survival analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were also performed to predict the involvement in pivotal biological process. Results: The expression of 5'-tRF-His-GTG was significantly downregulated in BC tissues and was in connection with T stage in human epidermal growth factor 2-positive and basal-like BC, as well as N stage and histopathological grade in luminal BC. Patients with low expression of 5'-tRF-His-GTG had a poor overall survival rate. Statistics of GO and KEGG pathway revealed that cation channel activity, protein catabolic process, response to temperature stimulus, cell cycle, focal adhesion, and glycerophospholipid metabolism were significantly enriched. Conclusions: This study suggests that the assessment of 5'-tRF-His-GTG expression could serve as a novel biomarker for individual diagnosis and prognosis in BC.

Efficient, narrow-band, and stable electroluminescence from organoboron-nitrogen-carbonyl emitter.

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) exploiting simple binary emissive layers (EMLs) blending only emitters and hosts have natural advantages in low-cost commercialization. However, previously reported OLEDs based on binary EMLs hardly simultaneously achieved desired comprehensive performances, e.g., high efficiency, low efficiency roll-off, narrow emission bands, and high operation stability. Here, we report a molecular-design strategy. Such a strategy leads to a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate in our designed emitter h-BNCO-1 of 1.79×105 s-1. An OLED exploiting a binary EML with h-BNCO-1 achieves ultrapure emission, a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 40% and a mild roll-off of 14% at 1000 cd·m-2. Moreover, h-BNCO-1 also exhibits promising operational stability in an alternative OLED exploiting a compact binary EML (the lifetime reaching 95% of the initial luminance at 1000 cd m-2 is ~ 137 h). Here, our work has thus provided a molecular-design strategy for OLEDs with promising comprehensive performance.

Improving cardiovascular risk prediction through machine learning modelling of irregularly repeated electronic health records.

Aims: Existing electronic health records (EHRs) often consist of abundant but irregular longitudinal measurements of risk factors. In this study, we aim to leverage such data to improve the risk prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by applying machine learning (ML) algorithms, which can allow automatic screening of the population. Methods and results: A total of 215 744 Chinese adults aged between 40 and 79 without a history of cardiovascular disease were included (6081 cases) from an EHR-based longitudinal cohort study. To allow interpretability of the model, the predictors of demographic characteristics, medication treatment, and repeatedly measured records of lipids, glycaemia, obesity, blood pressure, and renal function were used. The primary outcome was ASCVD, defined as non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, or fatal and non-fatal stroke. The eXtreme Gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression models were derived to predict the 5-year ASCVD risk. In the validation set, compared with the refitted Chinese guideline-recommended Cox model (i.e. the China-PAR), the XGBoost model had a significantly higher C-statistic of 0.792, (the differences in the C-statistics: 0.011, 0.006-0.017, P < 0.001), with similar results reported for LASSO regression (the differences in the C-statistics: 0.008, 0.005-0.011, P < 0.001). The XGBoost model demonstrated the best calibration performance (men: Dx = 0.598, P = 0.75; women: Dx = 1.867, P = 0.08). Moreover, the risk distribution of the ML algorithms differed from that of the conventional model. The net reclassification improvement rates of XGBoost and LASSO over the Cox model were 3.9% (1.4-6.4%) and 2.8% (0.7-4.9%), respectively. Conclusion: Machine learning algorithms with irregular, repeated real-world data could improve cardiovascular risk prediction. They demonstrated significantly better performance for reclassification to identify the high-risk population correctly.

Special training on lower limbs small muscle groups strength / Treino especial sobre a força dos pequenos grupos musculares dos membros inferiores / Entrenamiento especial sobre la fuerza de los pequeños grupos musculares de los miembros inferiores

ABSTRACT Introduction Specific training with vibration can show short- and long-term effects on neuromuscular capacity. This training method gives muscles a frequent stimulus amplitude variation and can promote muscle strength, explosive power, neuromuscular coordination, and balance training. Objective This paper compares the effects of strength training with vibration on the strength of small muscle groups in the lower limbs of athletes. Methods 24 young people were randomly assigned to a low- and high-frequency group. Both groups used traditional strength training with the addition of 30 and 40Hz vibrational training. Training with load intensity between 30 and 70% of maximal strength lasting 60 minutes was repeated in 3 weekly sessions for eight weeks. Functional tests were recorded before and after the experiment, and their results were statistically analyzed. Results The peak torque of the hip muscles of the two groups of athletes increased significantly after training (P<0.05). In the high-frequency athletes, the peak in the hip extensor increased by 15.3% and the flexor by 18.2%; in the low-frequency group, there was an increase of 10.3%, representing a very significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion Additional vibration stimulation for resistance strength training can effectively improve strength training. With a relatively small load, this training method can effectively improve maximal muscular strength, explosive power, and muscular endurance. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução O treino específico com vibração pode mostrar efeitos a curto e longo prazo sobre a capacidade neuromuscular. Esse método de treino dá aos músculos uma variação de amplitude de estímulo frequente, podendo promover força muscular, poder explosivo, coordenação neuromuscular, e treino do equilíbrio. Objetivo Este artigo analisa a comparação dos efeitos do treino de fortalecimento com adição de vibração sobre a força dos pequenos grupos musculares nos membros inferiores dos esportistas. Métodos 24 jovens foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em grupo de baixa e alta frequência. Ambos grupos utilizaram treinamento de força tradicional com adição de treino vibracional de 30 e 40Hz. Treinos com intensidade de carga entre 30 e 70% de força máxima com duração de 60 minutos foram repetidos em 3 sessões semanais durante 8 semanas. Testes funcionais foram registrados antes e depois do experimento e seus resultados foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados O pico de torque dos músculos do quadril dos dois grupos de atletas aumentou significativamente após o treinamento (P<0,05). Nos atletas de alta frequência, o pico no extensor do quadril aumentou 15,3% e o flexor 18,2%; no grupo de baixa frequência houve aumento de 10,3% representando uma diferença muito significativa (P<0,01). Conclusão A estimulação adicional da vibração para o treinamento de força com resistência pode efetivamente melhorar o treinamento de força. Esse método de treinamento pode efetivamente melhorar a força muscular máxima, o poder explosivo e a resistência muscular com uma carga relativamente pequena. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento específico con vibración puede mostrar efectos a corto y largo plazo sobre la capacidad neuromuscular. Este método de entrenamiento proporciona a los músculos una variación frecuente de la amplitud del estímulo, y puede promover la fuerza muscular, la potencia explosiva, la coordinación neuromuscular y el entrenamiento del equilibrio. Objetivo Este trabajo analiza la comparación de los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza con la adición de vibración en la fuerza de los pequeños grupos musculares de los miembros inferiores de los deportistas. Métodos 24 jóvenes fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo de baja y alta frecuencia. Ambos grupos utilizaron el entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional con la adición del entrenamiento vibratorio de 30 y 40 Hz. Los entrenamientos con una intensidad de carga entre el 30 y el 70% de la fuerza máxima y con una duración de 60 minutos se repitieron en 3 sesiones semanales durante 8 semanas. Se registraron las pruebas funcionales antes y después del experimento y se analizaron estadísticamente sus resultados. Resultados El par máximo de los músculos de la cadera de ambos grupos de atletas aumentó significativamente después del entrenamiento (P<0,05). En los atletas de alta frecuencia, el pico del extensor de la cadera aumentó un 15,3% y el flexor un 18,2%; en el grupo de baja frecuencia hubo un aumento del 10,3%, lo que representa una diferencia muy significativa (P<0,01). Conclusión La estimulación vibratoria adicional para el entrenamiento de fuerza con resistencia puede mejorar eficazmente el entrenamiento de fuerza. Este método de entrenamiento puede mejorar eficazmente la fuerza muscular máxima, la potencia explosiva y la resistencia muscular con una carga relativamente pequeña. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Advanced oxidation protein products induce apoptosis in podocytes through induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress

Although podocyte apoptosis has been shown to be induced by the accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), the mechanisms through which AOPPs trigger apoptosis in these cells remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in AOPP-induced podocyte apoptosis. AOPP treatment induced overexpression of glucose-regulated protein 78 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) in podocytes, indicating that AOPPs induced ER stress. Notably, AOPP-induced increase in the rate of podocyte apoptosis was partly reversed by salubrinal, an ER stress inhibitor, whereas the AOPP effect was reproduced by an inducer of ER stress, thapsigargin, suggesting that AOPPs triggered podocyte apoptosis by inducing ER stress. Furthermore, AOPP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, ER stress, and podocyte apoptosis were significantly inhibited by an nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor, a ROS scavenger, or receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) small interfering RNA (siRNA). Moreover, silencing of the three ER stress sensors, protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol requiring 1 (IRE1), respectively, significantly lowered the apoptotic rate of the cells compared with that of the scramble siRNA-transfected cells. Lastly, our data suggested that CHOP- and caspase-12-dependent pathways were involved in ER stress-mediated podocyte apoptosis and that Bcl-2 suppression was involved in CHOP-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, our results indicate for the first time that AOPPs trigger podocyte apoptosis through induction of ER stress, which might be regulated by NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS through RAGE, and that this apoptosis is mediated by three unfolded protein response pathways, the PERK, ATF6, and IRE1 pathways, and the mediators, CHOP and caspase-12