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Dissolved copper and iron ions are regarded as friendly and economic catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, however, neither Cu(II) nor Fe(III) shows efficient catalytic performance because of the slow rates of Cu(II)/Cu(I) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles. Innovatively, we observed a significant enhancement on the degradation of organic contaminants when Cu(II) and Fe(III) were coupled to activate PMS in borate (BA) buffer. The degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB, 20 µmol/L) reached up to 96.3% within 10 min, which was higher than the sum of individual Cu(II)- and Fe(III)- activated PMS process. Sulfate radical, hydroxyl radical and high-valent metal ions (i.e., Cu(III) and Fe(IV)) were identified as the working reactive species for RhB removal in Cu(II)/Fe(III)/PMS/BA system, while the last played a predominated role. The presence of BA dramatically facilitated the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) via chelating with Cu(II) followed by Fe(III) reduction by Cu(I), resulting in enhanced PMS activation by Cu(I) and Fe(II) as well as accelerated generation of reactive species. Additionally, the strong buffering capacity of BA to stabilize the solution pH was satisfying for the pollutants degradation since a slightly alkaline environment favored the PMS activation by coupling Cu(II) and Fe(III). In a word, this work provides a brand-new insight into the outstanding PMS activation by homogeneous bimetals and an expanded application of iron-based advanced oxidation processes in alkaline conditions.
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Cobre , Peróxidos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Cobre/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Peróxidos/química , Catálisis , Hierro/química , Rodaminas/química , Oxidación-ReducciónRESUMEN
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) could activate anti-tumor immune responses, which is highly attractive for improving cancer treatment effectiveness. Here, this work reports a multifunctional arsenic(III) allosteric inhibitor Mech02, which induces excessive accumulation of 1O2 through sensitized biocatalytic reactions, leading to cell pyroptosis and amplified ICD effect. After Mech02 is converted to Mech03, it could actualize stronger binding effects on the allosteric pocket of pyruvate kinase M2, further interfering with the anaerobic glycolysis pathway of tumors. The enhanced DNA damage triggered by Mech02 and the pyroptosis of cancer stem cells provide assurance for complete tumor clearance. In vivo experiments prove nanomicelle Mech02-HA NPs is able to activate immune memory effects and raise the persistence of anti-tumor immunity. In summary, this study for the first time to introduce the arsenic(III) pharmacophore as an enhanced ICD effect initiator into nitrogen mustard, providing insights for the development of efficient multimodal tumor therapy agents.
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Kidney stone disease is a major public health issue. By breaking stones with repeated laser irradiation, laser lithotripsy (LL) has become the main treatment for kidney stone disease. Laser-induced cavitation is closely associated with the stone damage in LL. Monitoring the cavitation activities during LL is thus crucial to optimizing the stone damage and maximizing LL efficiency. In this study, we have developed three-dimensional super-resolution passive cavitation mapping (3D-SRPCM), in which the cavitation bubble positions can be localized with an accuracy of 40 µm, which is 1/10th of the acoustic diffraction limit. Moreover, the 3D-SRPCM reconstruction speed has been improved by 300 times by adopting a GPU-based sparse-matrix beamforming approach. Using 3D-SRPCM, we studied LL-induced cavitation activities on BegoStones, both in free space of water and confined space of a kidney phantom. The dose-dependence analysis provided by 3D-SRPCM revealed that accumulated impact pressure on the stone surface has the highest correlation with the stone damage. By providing high-resolution cavitation mapping during LL treatment, we expect that 3D-SRPCM may become a powerful tool to improve the clinical LL efficiency and patient outcome.
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Background: The lower limb motor dysfunction caused by stroke is one of the main sequelae affecting patients' ability to live normally in the later period. Acupuncture treatment of limb movement dysfunction after stroke has been recommended by authoritative guidelines for reducing limb spasticity, enhancing limb strength and so on. However, the efficacy of different acupuncture methods in treating lower limb motor dysfunction after stroke remains controversial. Objective: In this paper, network meta-analysis (NMA) was used to prioritize various acupuncture intervention combinations commonly used in clinical practice, try to screen the acupuncture intervention scheme with the highest clinical efficacy and safety, and explore its rationality in guiding clinical practice. Methods: We searched a total of 4,312 studies from 8 databases and 2 clinical trial registries, and selected 43 articles for systematic review. We used pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and ranking of various acupuncture interventions. At the same time, the risk of bias, publication bias, and sensitivity of included randomized controlled trials were analyzed. The main outcome indicator was Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity (FMA-LE), and the secondary outcome indicators were Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Berg balance scale (BBS) and Modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Results: A total of 4,134 patients in 43 studies were included. The intervention included 9 acupuncture-related treatments, of which 20.9% were classified as high-risk. Among the four outcome indicators in pairwise meta-analysis, the effect of body acupuncture combined with conventional rehabilitation has the highest comprehensive credibility in terms of efficacy and safety comparing with conventional rehabilitation [SMD = 1.14, 95%CI (0.81, 1.46)], [SMD = 1.35, 95%CI (0.97, 1.72)], [SMD = 1.22, 95%CI (0.39, 2.05)], [SMD = 1.21, 95%CI (0.74, 1.44)]. In addition, multiple intervention methods, for example, warm acupuncture plus rehabilitation treatment for MBI and electroacupuncture plus body acupuncture plus rehabilitation treatment for BBS, may increase certain additional effects on different outcome indicators. Conclusion: This study proves that body acupuncture combined with rehabilitation treatment is the most widely used intervention method with the highest evidence quality in the treatment of lower limb motor dysfunction after stroke. However, for some other acupuncture methods, large samples and high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials are still needed to be fully verified.
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The long-term motor outcome of acute stroke patients may be correlated to the reorganization of brain motor network. Abundant neuroimaging studies contribute to understand the pathological changes and recovery of motor networks after stroke. In this review, we summarized how current neuroimaging studies have increased understanding of reorganization and plasticity in post stroke motor recovery. Firstly, we discussed the changes in the motor network over time during the motor-activation and resting states, as well as the overall functional integration trend of the motor network. These studies indicate that the motor network undergoes dynamic bilateral hemispheric functional reorganization, as well as a trend towards network randomization. In the second part, we summarized the current study progress in the application of neuroimaging technology to early predict the post-stroke motor outcome. In the third part, we discuss the neuroimaging techniques commonly used in the post-stroke recovery. These methods provide direct or indirect visualization patterns to understand the neural mechanisms of post-stroke motor recovery, opening up new avenues for studying spontaneous and treatment-induced recovery and plasticity after stroke.
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Polymer-based circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with the advantage of diversified structure, easy fabrication, high thermal stability, and tunable properties have garnered considerable attention. However, adequate and precise tuning over CPL in polymer-based materials remains challenging due to the difficulty in regulating chiral structures. Herein, visualized full-color CPL is achieved by doping red, green, and blue quantum dots (QDs) into reconfigurable blue phase liquid crystal elastomers (BPLCEs). In contrast to the CPL signal observed in cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs), the chiral 3D cubic superstructure of BPLCEs induces an opposite CPL signal. Notably, this effect is entirely independent of photonic bandgaps (PBGs) and results in a high glum value, even without matching between PBGs and the emission bands of QDs. Meanwhile, the lattice structure of the BPLCEs can be reversibly switched via mechanical stretching force, inducing on-off switching of the CPL signals, and these variations can be further fixed using dynamic disulfide bonds in the BPLCEs. Moreover, the smart polymer-based CPL systems using the BPLCEs for anti-counterfeiting and information encryption have been demonstrated, suggesting the great potential of the BPLCEs-based CPL active materials.
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Photochromic molecules have remarkable potential in memory and optical devices, as well as in driving and manipulating molecular motors or actuators and many other systems using light. When photochromic molecules are introduced into carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), the resulting hybrids provide unique advantages and create new functions that can be employed in specific applications and devices. This review highlights the recent developments in diverse photochromic CNMs. Photochromic molecules and CNMs are also introduced. The fundamentals of different photochromic CNMs are discussed, including design principles and the types of interactions between CNMs and photochromic molecules via covalent interactions and non-covalent bonding such as π-π stacking, amphiphilic, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding. Then the properties of photochromic CNMs, e.g., in photopatterning, fluorescence modulation, actuation, and photoinduced surface-relief gratings, and their applications in energy storage (solar thermal fuels, photothermal batteries, and supercapacitors), nanoelectronics (transistors, molecular junctions, photo-switchable conductance, and photoinduced electron transfer), sensors, and bioimaging are highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the challenges and opportunities in the future of photochromic CNMs is presented. This review discusses a vibrant interdisciplinary research field and is expected to stimulate further developments in nanoscience, advanced nanotechnology, intelligently responsive materials, and devices.
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This study involved the preparation of nanoparticles by combining oxidized starch (OS) with xanthan gum (XG), and emulsions were prepared from this nanoparticle. The physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the emulsification properties of oxidized starch-xanthan gum composite nanoparticles (OGNP), were analyzed. The findings revealed that the OGNP retained spherical shape after the addition of XG, although their diameter increased from approximately 50-150 to 200-400 nm. Zeta potential decreased with XG content. Moreover, emulsions prepared from OGNP exhibited outstanding thermal stability, also showing enhanced storage stability. In addition, emulsions had different rheological properties at different pH values. The apparent viscosity and shear stress of emulsions under alkaline conditions were lower than that of neutral conditions. NaCl increased the apparent viscosity of OGNP-stabilized emulsions while reducing their thermal stability. The nanoparticles prepared in this study have efficient emulsification properties and can extend the application of OS.
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Emulsiones , Nanopartículas , Oxidación-Reducción , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Almidón , Almidón/química , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Emulsiones/química , Viscosidad , Reología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Emulsionantes/químicaRESUMEN
Physical unclonable function (PUF) is attractive in modern encryption technologies. Addressing the disadvantage of slow data storage/authentication in optical PUF is paramount for practical applications but remains an on-going challenge. Here, a highly efficient PUF strategy based on random structural color domains (SCDs) of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is proposed for the first time, combing with hyperspectral imaging system (HIS) for ultrafast storage and authentication. By controlling the growth and fusion behavior of the tactoids of CNC, the SCDs display an irregular and random distribution of colors, shapes, sizes, and reflectance spectra, which grant unique and inherent fingerprint-like characteristics that are non-duplicated. Based on images and spectra, these fingerprint features are used to develop two sets of PUF key generation methods, which can be respectively authenticated at the user-end and the manufacturer-front-end that achieving a high coding capacity of at least 22304. Notably, the use of HIS greatly shortens the time of key reading and generation (≈5 s for recording, 0.5-0.7 s for authentication). This new optical PUF labels can not only solve slow data storage and complicated authentication in optical PUF, but also impulse the development of CNC in industrial applications by reducing color uniformity requirement.
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AIM: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is characterized by atrial electrical and structural remodeling. Previous studies have found that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) can protect myocardium in a glucose independent mechanism. But the role of SGLT2i in regulating AF remains largely unknown. This study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Dapagliflozin (DAPA) in reducing AF susceptibility via inhibiting electrical and structural remodeling. METHOD: The mouse model was established by Angiotensin II (2000 ng/kg/min) infusion for 3 weeks, and an in vitro model was generated by stimulating HL-1 and primary mouse fibroblast with Ang II (1 µM) for 24 h. Programmed electrical stimulation, ECG and whole-cell patch clamp were used to detect DAPA effect on atrial electrical remodeling induced by Ang II. To observe DAPA effect on atrial structural remodeling induced by Ang II, we used echocardiographic, H&E and Masson staining to evaluate atrial dilation. To further explore the protective mechanism of DAPA, we adopt in silico molecular docking approaches to investigate the binding affinity of Ang II and CaMKII at Met-281 site. Western blot was to detect expression level of CaMKII, ox-CaMKII, Nav1.5, Kv4.3, Kv4.2, Kchip2, Kir2.1 and Cx40. RESULTS: Ang II induced AF, atrial dilatation and fibrosis, led to atrial electrical and structural remodeling. However, these effects were markedly abrogated by DAPA treatment, a specific SGLT2i. Our observation of atrial electrical activity in mice revealed that DAPA could rescue the prolonged action potential duration (APD) and the abnormal currents of IK1, Ito and INaL triggered by Ang II infusion. DAPA could reduce the binding affinity of Ang II and CaMKII at Met-281 site, which indicated that DAPA may directly alleviate the activation of CaMKII caused by Ang II. DAPA could reduce the upregulation of ox-CaMKII caused by Ang II infusion in atrial tissues. Moreover, DAPA also ameliorated the aberrant expression levels of electrical activity related proteins (Nav1.5, Kv4.3, Kv4.2, Kchip2, Kir2.1 and Cx40) and fibrosis related signal pathways (TGF-ß1, p-smad/smad) caused by Ang II. Furthermore, we confirmed that DAPA, as well as other SGLT2i (EMPA, CANA), could reverse these abnormalities caused by Ang II incubation in HL-1 cells and primary mouse fibroblasts, respectively. CONCLUSION: Overall, our study identifies DAPA, a widely used SGLT2i, contributes to inhibiting Ang II-induced ox-CaMKII upregulation and electrical and structural remodeling to reduce AF susceptibility, suggesting that DAPA may be a potential therapy of treating AF.
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Angiotensina II , Fibrilación Atrial , Remodelación Atrial , Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Proteína Quinasa Tipo 2 Dependiente de Calcio Calmodulina , Glucósidos , Atrios Cardíacos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2 , Animales , Angiotensina II/farmacología , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/farmacología , Fibrilación Atrial/inducido químicamente , Fibrilación Atrial/metabolismo , Fibrilación Atrial/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrilación Atrial/fisiopatología , Remodelación Atrial/efectos de los fármacos , Glucósidos/farmacología , Ratones , Proteína Quinasa Tipo 2 Dependiente de Calcio Calmodulina/metabolismo , Atrios Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Atrios Cardíacos/metabolismo , Atrios Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Atrios Cardíacos/patología , Masculino , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Línea CelularRESUMEN
Excessive inflammatory response following ischemic stroke (IS) injury is a key factor affecting the functional recovery of patients. The efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells within ischemic brain tissue is a critical mechanism for mitigating inflammation, presenting a promising avenue for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying efferocytosis in the brain after IS and its impact on brain injury and recovery are poorly understood. This study explored the roles of inflammation and efferocytosis in IS with bioinformatics. Three Gene Expression Omnibus Series (GSE) (GSE137482-3 m, GSE137482-18 m, and GSE30655) were obtained from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were processed for GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis), GO (Gene Ontology Functional Enrichment Analysis), and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analyses. Efferocytosis-related genes were identified from the existing literature, following which the relationship between Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and efferocytosis-related genes was examined. The single-cell dataset GSE174574 was employed to investigate the distinct expression profiles of efferocytosis-related genes. The identified hub genes were verified using the dataset of human brain and peripheral blood sample datasets GSE56267 and GSE122709. The dataset GSE215212 was used to predict competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and GSE231431 was applied to verify the expression of differential miRNAs. At last, the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) model was established to validate the efferocytosis process and the expression of hub genes. DEGs in two datasets were significantly enriched in pathways involved in inflammatory response and immunoregulation. Based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses, we identified hub efferocytosis-related genes (Abca1, C1qc, Ptx3, Irf5, and Pros1) and key transcription factors (Stat5). The scRNA-seq analysis showed that these hub genes were mainly expressed in microglia and macrophages which are the main cells with efferocytosis function in the brain. We then identified miR-125b-5p as a therapeutic target of IS based on the ceRNA network. Finally, we validated the phagocytosis and clearance of dead cells by efferocytosis and the expression of hub gene Abca1 in MCAO mice models.
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Rapid and sensitive determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is critical for human health and ecosystems. This paper used an Ag-modified CuO sphere-cavity array (CuO@Ag) electrode as a thiram SERS/electrochemical dual readout detection platform. Numerous Raman "hotspots" generated by uniformly distributed silver nanoparticles, charge transfer at the CuO@Ag interface, and the formation of Ag-thiram complexes contribute to the significant enhancement of this SERS substrate, which results in excellent SERS performance with an enhancement factor up to 1.42 × 106. When using SERS as the readout technique, the linear range of the substrate for thiram detection was 0.05-20 nM with a detection limit (LOD) of up to 0.0067 nM. Meanwhile, a correlation between the value of change in current density and thiram concentration was established due to the formation of stable complexes of thiram with Cu2+ generated at specific potentials. The linear range of electrochemical detection was 0.05-20.0 µM, and the detection limit was 0.0167 µM. The newly devised dual-readout sensor offers notable sensitivity and stability. The two signal readout methods complement each other in terms of linear range and detection limit, making it a convenient tool for assessing thiram residue levels in agro-food. At the same time, the combination of commercially available portable equipment makes on-site monitoring possible.
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Cobre , Técnicas Electroquímicas , Plata , Espectrometría Raman , Tiram , Tiram/análisis , Cobre/química , Cobre/análisis , Plata/química , Espectrometría Raman/métodos , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Límite de Detección , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Electrodos , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisisRESUMEN
Land use and land cover (LULC) will cause large flows of carbon sources and sinks. As the world's largest carbon emitter with a complicated LULC, China's carbon emissions have profound implications for its ecological environment and future development. In this paper, we account for the land-use changes and carbon emissions of 30 Chinese provinces and cities in China from 2000 to 2020. Furthermore, the spatial correlation of carbon emissions among the study areas is explored. Four typical regions with spatial association (Beijing, Hebei, Sichuan, and Anhui) are selected, and their land-use change trends in 2025 and 2030 are simulated to predict the total carbon emissions in the future. The results show that the distribution of land-use in China is mainly cultivated and woodland, but the growth of urban built-up (UBL) land area indirectly leads to the continuous increase of carbon emissions. Total carbon emissions have increased over the past two decades, albeit at a slower growth rate, with some provinces experiencing no further growth. In the typical regional carbon emission simulation, it is found that the carbon emissions of the four provinces would show a downward trend in the future. The main reason is the reduction in indirect carbon emissions from fossil energy in UBL, while the other part is the influx of carbon sinks due to grassland, woodland, etc. We recommended that future carbon reduction measures should focus and prioritize controlling fossil energy and mitigating carbon emissions from UBL. Simultaneously, the significant contribution of forests and other land types as carbon sinks should be acknowledged to better implement China's carbon neutral commitment.
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Carbono , Bosques , Carbono/análisis , China , Beijing , Análisis Espacio-Temporal , Dióxido de Carbono/análisis , Desarrollo EconómicoRESUMEN
The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) has rapidly increased in recent years. Dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis facilitated by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling transforms the tumor microenvironment. Collagen I, a major with ECM component is highly expressed in colorectal tumors with infiltrative growth. Although oxysterol binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins accommodate tumorigenesis, OSBPL2, which is usually involved in deafness, is not associated with CRC progression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the pathological function of OSBPL2 and identify the molecular link between ECM-Collagen I and OSBPL2 in CRC to facilitate the development of new treatments for CRC. OSBPL2 predicted a favorable prognosis in stage IV CRC and substantially repressed Collagen I-induced focal adhesion, migration, and invasion. The reduction of OSBPL2 activated ERK signaling through the VCAN/AREG/EREG axis during CRC growth, while relying on PARP1 via ZEB1 in CRC metastasis. OSBPL2 defect supported colorectal tumor growth and metastasis, which were suppressed by the ERK and PARP1 inhibitors SCH772984 and AG14361, respectively. Overall, our findings revealed that the Collagen I-induced loss of OSBPL2 aggravates CRC progression through VCAN-mediated ERK signaling and the PARP1/ZEB1 axis. This demonstrates that SCH772984 and AG14361 are reciprocally connective therapies for OSBPL2Low CRC, which could contribute to further development of targeted CRC treatment.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Receptores de Esteroides , Humanos , Benzodiazepinas , Azulenos , Colágeno Tipo I , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Microambiente Tumoral , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/genética , Versicanos , Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasa-1RESUMEN
In photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) with short-pulsed laser excitation, wideband acoustic signals are generated in biological tissues with frequencies related to the effective shapes and sizes of the optically absorbing targets. Low-frequency photoacoustic signal components correspond to slowly varying spatial features and are often omitted during imaging due to the limited detection bandwidth of the ultrasound transducer, or during image reconstruction as undesired background that degrades image contrast. Here we demonstrate that low-frequency photoacoustic signals, in fact, contain functional and molecular information, and can be used to enhance structural visibility, improve quantitative accuracy, and reduce spare-sampling artifacts. We provide an in-depth theoretical analysis of low-frequency signals in PACT, and experimentally evaluate their impact on several representative PACT applications, such as mapping temperature in photothermal treatment, measuring blood oxygenation in a hypoxia challenge, and detecting photoswitchable molecular probes in deep organs. Our results strongly suggest that low-frequency signals are important for functional and molecular PACT.
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Técnicas Fotoacústicas , Fantasmas de Imagen , Técnicas Fotoacústicas/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
Membraneless organelles within cells have unique microenvironments that play a critical role in their functions. However, how microenvironments of biomolecular condensates affect their structure and function remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the micropolarity and microviscosity of model biomolecular condensates by fluorescence lifetime imaging coupling with environmentally sensitive fluorophores. Using both in vitro and in cellulo systems, we demonstrated that sufficient micropolarity difference is key to forming multilayered condensates, where the shells present more polar microenvironments than the cores. Furthermore, micropolarity changes were shown to be accompanied by conversions of the layered structures. Decreased micropolarities of the granular components, accompanied by the increased micropolarities of the dense fibrillar components, result in the relocation of different nucleolus subcompartments in transcription-stalled conditions. Our results demonstrate the central role of the previously overlooked micropolarity in the regulation of structures and functions of membraneless organelles.
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Condensados Biomoleculares , Nucléolo Celular , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Imagen Óptica , Virión , OrgánulosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Invasion and metastasis are the main causes of unfavourable prognosis in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. The efficacy of immunotherapy in bladder cancer remains suboptimal due to the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The novel protein family with sequence similarity 171B (FAM171B) has been identified, but its precise role and mechanism in bladder cancer remain unclear. METHODS: In this study, we conducted an analysis to investigate the associations between FAM171B expression and the prognosis and clinicopathological stage of bladder cancer. To this end, we utilized RNA sequencing data from the TCGA and GEO databases, as well as tumor tissue specimens obtained from our clinical centre. RNA sequencing analysis allowed us to examine the biological function of FAM171B at the transcriptional level in bladder cancer cells. Additionally, we used immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify the protein that interacts with FAM171B in bladder cancer cells. The effects of FAM171B on modulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and vimentin-mediated tumor progression, as well as the underlying mechanisms, were clarified by phalloidin staining, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, RNA immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry and a bladder cancer graft model. RESULTS: FAM171B expression exhibits strong positive correlation with poor survival outcomes and advanced clinicopathological stages in patients with bladder cancer. FAM171B significantly promoted bladder cancer growth and metastasis, accompanied by TAM accumulation in the microenvironment, in vivo and in vitro. Through studies of the molecular mechanism, we found that FAM171B contributes to tumor progression by stabilizing vimentin in the cytoplasm. Additionally, our research revealed that FAM171B enhances the splicing of CCL2 mRNA by interacting with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU), ultimately leading to increased recruitment and M2 polarization of TAMs. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we identified FAM171B as a potent factor that promotes the progression of bladder cancer. These findings establish a solid theoretical foundation for considering FAM171B as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , Biomarcadores , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Microambiente Tumoral , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Vimentina/genéticaRESUMEN
Information security has gained increasing attention in the past decade, leading to the development of advanced materials for anti-counterfeiting, encryption and instantaneous information display. However, it remains challenging to achieve high information security with simple encryption procedures and low-energy stimuli. Herein, a series of strain/temperature-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are developed to achieve dual-modal, multi-level information encryption and real-time, rewritable transient information display. The as-prepared polydomain LCEs can change from an opaque state to a transparent state under strain or temperature stimuli, with the transition strains or temperatures highly dependent on the concentration of long-chain flexible spacers. Information encrypted by different LCE inks can be decrypted under specific strains or temperatures, leading to multi-level protection of information security. Furthermore, with the combination of the phase transition of polydomain LCEs and the photothermal effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), we achieved a repeatable transient information display by using near-infrared (NIR) light as a pen for writing. This study provides new insight into the development of advanced encryption materials with versatility and high security for broad applications.
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In photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) with short-pulsed laser excitation, wideband acoustic signals are generated in biological tissues with frequencies related to the effective shapes and sizes of the optically absorbing targets. Low-frequency photoacoustic signal components correspond to slowly varying spatial features and are often omitted during imaging due to the limited detection bandwidth of the ultrasound transducer, or during image reconstruction as undesired background that degrades image contrast. Here we demonstrate that low-frequency photoacoustic signals, in fact, contain functional and molecular information, and can be used to enhance structural visibility, improve quantitative accuracy, and reduce spare-sampling artifacts. We provide an in-depth theoretical analysis of low-frequency signals in PACT, and experimentally evaluate their impact on several representative PACT applications, such as mapping temperature in photothermal treatment, measuring blood oxygenation in a hypoxia challenge, and detecting photoswitchable molecular probes in deep organs. Our results strongly suggest that low-frequency signals are important for functional and molecular PACT.
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Stable emulsions can have numerous negative impacts on both the oil industry and the environment. This study focuses on the synthesis of two ionic liquids (via. PPBD and PPBH) with four hydrophobic branches and four ionic centers that can effectively treat oil-water emulsions at a low temperature of 40 °C. Their chemical structure was explored using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectra (1H NMR). The effect of temperature, PPBD and PPBH concentration, oil-water ratio, salinity and pH value on the demulsification efficiency (DE) of W/O emulsion was studied detailly and several commercial demulsifiers were also used for comparison. Results revealed that by adding 250 mg/L of PPBH in an E30 emulsion and leaving it for 120 min at 40 °C, the DE could reach 96.34%. Meanwhile, in an E30 emulsion (oil-water mass ratio of 3:7) with 250 mg/L of PPBD, the DE of 95.23% could be obtained at 40 °C for 360 min. Especially, the DE of PPBH could reach 100% in an E70 emulsion (oil-water mass ratio of 7:3) at the same conditions. Additionally, the demulsifier (PPBH) exhibited excellent salt resistance and outperformed some commonly used commercial demulsifiers. Several methods were utilized to investigate the potential demulsification mechanism, including measuring interfacial tension (IFT), three-phase contact angle (CA), droplet contact time, zeta potential, and observing samples under optical microscopy.