Enhanced Bone Healing Through Systemic Capsaicin Administration: An Experimental Study on Wistar Rats.

BACKGROUND The healing of bone defects is a serious challenge worldwide. One branch of dentistry deals with bone defects. Capsaicin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and cholesterol-reducing effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemic capsaicin administered at different doses on bone healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 32 male wistar rats was used, their weight varying between 250 and 300 g. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each. The analyses served to evaluate the effect on healing of different doses of capsaicin and grafts. A significant increase was observed in the number of osteoblasts in the capsaicin-applied groups, compared with the control group. RESULTS The analyses served to evaluate the effect on healing of different doses of capsaicin and grafts. A significant increase was observed in the number of osteoblasts in the capsaicin-applied groups, compared with that of the control group. The inflammation scores showed a significant difference only in the control group and in the group administered with 50 mg/kg capsaicin (P=0.010). The osteoclast counts were significantly different between all groups. CONCLUSIONS As a result of the analyses, positive effects on bone healing were observed when capsaicin 0.25 mg/kg and 0.50 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally. However, more studies are needed for more accurate information.

Effect of unfiltered cigarettes on marginal bone loss of dental implants: A single center 4-year retrospective clinical study.

PURPOSE: This retrospective clinical study evaluated, by radiographic analysis, the effect of unfiltered and filtered tobacco cigarette smoking on marginal bone loss (MBL) in the subjects with dental implants. METHODS: In a 4-year retrospective clinical study, 419 dental implants were placed in 188 subjects aged 23-76 years who underwent implant-supported fixed prosthetic restorations. The effects of gender, implant length, implant diameter, implant location, and use of unfiltered and filtered tobacco cigarettes on marginal bone were investigated. MBL was analyzed on the mean, mesial, and distal surfaces of dental implants on periapical radiographs. The results of the data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS: A significant correlation was found between MBL difference and gender, implant length, and implant location (P< 0.05). Smokers had significantly higher MBL than nonsmokers, both within and between groups (P< 0.05). There was a significant difference in MBL in the mesial region in unfiltered cigarette smokers compared to filtered cigarette smokers (P= 0.013). There was a significant increase in MBL in the mesial and distal region compared to heavy smokers of cigarettes without filters (>20 cigarettes/day) and heavy smokers of cigarettes with filters (>20 cigarettes/day) (P< 0.05). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, tobacco smoking had a negative effect on marginal bone loss. There was a significant increase in marginal bone loss on the mesial and distal surfaces, especially in unfiltered heavy tobacco smokers (>20 cigarettes/day).

Evaluation of the Effects of Topical Ellagic Acid and Graft Application on Bone Regeneration: an Experimental Study.

Objectives: The aim of this experimental animal study is to investigate the effect of bone graft and topical ellagic acid application on bone regeneration in rats with critical-sized calvarial bone defects. Material and Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups, and 7 mm critical-sized calvarial bone defects were created surgically in them. In the first group, the created defect was left empty, and this acted as a control group. In the second group, only a bone graft was placed in the created defect. In the third group, in addition to placing a bone graft in the created defect, 0.325 mg/kg ellagic acid (EA) was applied topically to the defect. Results: As a result of semiquantitative scoring, osteoblast counts were 2 (SD 0.82) in the control group, 2.71 (SD 0.76) in the graft group, and 1.14 (SD 0.69) in the EA + graft group. The number of osteocytes was 2.29 (SD 0.76) in the control group, 2.71 (SD 1.11) in the graft group, and 1.43 (SD 0.54) in the EA + graft group. When inflammations were evaluated, values of 1.71 (SD 0.75), 1.14 (SD 0.69), and 3 (SD 0.82) were obtained in the control, graft, and EA + graft groups, respectively. Conclusions: Topical ellagic and graft applications show different effects at different doses under topical and systemic conditions. The dose amount of ellagic acid applied, especially in topical applications, has critical importance in bone healing.

Evaluation of the distance between the central teeth after frenectomy: a randomized clinical study.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to evaluate the periodontal status and the distance between the teeth one year after frenectomy in patients with abnormal frenums in the maxillary and mandibular midline. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 50 patients (24 men and 26 women) between the ages of 13 and 53 who have frenum-induced diastemas between the incisors. The abnormal frenums were removed via conventional frenectomy. The distances between the teeth before and one year after the surgery were measured with a caliper. To determine the periodontal status, the pocket depth, plaque index, and bleeding on probing were measured from four surfaces. In addition, the amount of attached gingiva and degree of gingival recession were recorded and were statistically analysed. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the distance between teeth before and after frenectomy was observed (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of gingival attachment, pocket depth, degree of gingival recession, plaque index, and bleeding on probing (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The removal of abnormal frenums with frenectomy can contribute to the reduction in the distance between the teeth. In addition, frenectomy increases the amount of gingiva and decreases the depth of the pocket, gingival recession, amount of plaque, and bleeding.

The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Ankaferd Blood Stopper on the diabetic and nondiabetic gingival wound healing: an experimental study

Background/aim: Healthy wound healing is very important for patient comfort. Diabetes is one of the factors that negatively affect wound healing. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) are antiinflammatory and antimicrobial agents and may have positive effects on wound healing. Materials and methods: In this study, 72 male Wistar albino rats were used. Rats; control, CAPE, ABS, diabetes + control, diabetes + ABS and diabetes + CAPE groups were divided into 6 groups. A healthy 36 rats created diabetes using streptozotocin (STZ). A gingival wound was created using a 4-mm punch biopsy in the gingival tissue under the lower anterior incisors of the rats. Results: The comparison between the nondiabetic groups had a statistically significant positive effect compared to the control group of CAPE and ABS (P ˂ 0.05). In the comparison between ABS and diabetes + ABS groups and in the comparison between CAPE and diabetes + CAPE groups, a decrease in vascularization in diabetes + CAPE groups was observed and it was statistically significant (P ˂ 0.005). Conclusion: ABS and CAPE have been found to have positive effects on gingival wound healing in the nondiabetic group. We think that this situation is caused by its antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

An evaluation of the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Ankaferd blood stopper on secondary wound healing of oral mucosal tissue

Background/aim: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) are considered to contribute to wound healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ABS and CAPE on secondary wound healing of oral mucosal tissue. Materials and methods: In total, 63 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and anaesthetized with ketamine (8 mg/100 g, intraperitoneally): a control group, CAPE group, and ABS group. A full-thickness excisional wound was created using a 4 mm punch biopsy tool. Topical ABS and CAPE were then applied in each group for 7, 14, and 21 days (n = 7 in each group). The animals in each group were sacrificed after 7, 14, and 21 days. Palatal specimens were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumour necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 (TSG-6) protein expressions were determined using the Western blot method. Results: Inflammation, vessel dilatation, and haemorrhages were significantly lower in the CAPE group as compared with these parameters in the other groups (P < 0.05). Fibrosis was significantly higher in the ABS group as compared with that in the other groups (P < 0.05). VEGF protein levels were elevated in the 21-day CAPE group and 7-day ABS group. The expression of TSG-6 increased in the 7-day CAPE group and 21-day ABS group. Conclusion: Based on our findings, ABS and CAPE had positive effects on the oral wound healing process.

Investigation of the effect of combined use of alloplastic-based tricalcium phosphate bone graft and antihemorrhagic plant extract (ABS) on bone regeneration in surgically induced bone defects in nondiabetic rats: an experimental animal study

Background/aim: In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the late period effects of the combination of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), which has bone wound healing effects, and ß-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on the regeneration of bone tissue through histopathological, immunohistochemical, and radiological (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry - DEXA) methods in nondiabetic rats. Materials and methods: Sixty-four Wistar albino male rats were used. In the calvaria of the rats, a bone defect 7.0 mm in diameter was created. These rats were divided into 4 different groups. Group 1 was the control group without any treatment, a 0.125 mL Β-TCP graft was applied to Group 2, a 0.125 mL ABS was applied to Group 3, and a 0.125 mL (ß-TCP + ABS) mixture was applied to group 4. Half of the rats were sacrificed on day 28 and the other half on day 56. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and DEXA analyses of the specimens were performed after the experiment. Results: As a result of the histopathological analysis, osteoblastic activity and new bone formation were found to be significantly higher in Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 than the control group on day 28 (P < 0.05). However, inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular dilatation and hemorrhage decreased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The histopathological analysis in rats on day 56 showed that osteoblastic activity in Group 2 and Group 4 was significantly higher than in the control group, but there was a statistically significant decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular dilatation and hemorrhage compared to the control group (P < 0.05). New bone formation in Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 was significantly higher than in the control group. Western blotting findings revealed that the osteonectin and osteopontin expression on day 28 was increased significantly in Group 2 and Group 4. DEXA analyses revealed that BMC values in Group 2 and Group 4 on day 28 were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density values on the 28th and 56th days (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The use of both ß-TCP + ABS and only ABS had positive effects on wound healing and bone formation in nondiabetic rats.

Effect of electromagnetic fields and antioxidants on the trace element content of rat teeth.

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), from a high-voltage source, on rat teeth in terms of changes in trace elements (TEs) and the effect of antioxidants (melatonin [MLT] and Ganoderma lucidum [GL]) in counteracting these effects. We used adult male Wistar albino rats with a mean weight of 250-300 g and divided the rats into eight groups. The groups were subjected to an ELF-EMF that was applied with a high-voltage line for 8 hours/day for 26 days (Groups I, II, and III) or 52 days (Groups V, VI, and VII). Groups IV and VIII were the 26- and 52-day control/sham groups, respectively. Groups II and VI were treated with GL, and Groups III and VII were treated with MLT. MLT and GL were administered daily based on the weight of the animals and appropriate standards. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanized, and their anterior teeth were extracted. The teeth were preserved in pure water before evaluating the major TEs. At the end of the study, TE concentrations (in mg/kg) were assessed in the control and test groups. Compared with Group V, statistically significant differences in the concentrations of zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr) were found for Group VII (ELF-EMF + MLT) (P<0.05). Therefore, ELF-EMF exposure can change the content of certain TEs in teeth and, after administering MLT and GL, the values of some of the TEs return to normal.