[Nutrition of children undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances]. / Osobennosti pitaniya detei pri ortodonticheskom lechenii zubochelyustnykh anomalii breket-sistemami.

AIM: To evaluate the actual nutrition of children receiving orthodontic treatment with bracket systems, to develop recommendations for its correction. Nutrition composition was assessed using a software analyzing the frequency of food consumption. Two groups of children were distinguished: the main group (without dentoalveolar anomalies) and the comparison group (with bracket systems). The total sample size was 58 adolescents. It was found that in schoolchildren receiving orthodontic treatment the imbalance in the intake of macro- and micronutrients with diets is much higher than in schoolchildren of the main group. In the daily diet of the main group of children, adequate adequate energy value was noted (94.6% of the physiological requirements), in contrast to schoolchildren in the comparison group (76.7%). Diets in children of the main group are deficient in the content of total protein (90.1%) and carbohydrates (86.4%), and excess in fats (112.2%). In the comparison group, the intake of macronutrients with food averaged 77.7% of the norm. The limited use of certain foods in children with bracket systems has led to a significant deficit in diets of meat (70.0% of the recommended level of consumption), fish and seafood (37.6%), eggs (55.0%), bakery products (44.9%), potatoes (78.7%), vegetables (66.0%), fruits (51.6%). The installation of bracket systems for orthodontic treatment is necessary to eliminate dentoalveolar anomalies in children, but it becomes both a risk factor for the formation of nutritional disorders in patients and a risk factor for tooth enamel demineralization. Therefore, it is necessary to develop recommendations for correcting the nutrition of children during the period of orthodontic treatment.

[Assessment of the efficiency of prevention of iodine deficiency among the children's population of the city of Mezhdurechensk of the Kemerovo region].

In the article there are presented results of a study of indices of ioduria in preschool kids and school children of the city of Mezhdurechensk (south of the Kemerovo region). 411 children aged of 3-17 years participated in the study. The median of ioduria on preschooler kids was 97,0 pg/l, and the proportion of urine samples with iodine levels less than 50 pg/l - 1,0%. The median of ioduria in school children is 98,0 pg/l, the percentage of urine samples with iodine levels less than 50 pg/l accounts for 1,3%. On average, on the population of children there was established that the percentage of urine samples with iodine levels from 50-100 pg/l (mild deficiency) was detected in 53,5% of children. Comparative analysis of indices of the level of ioduria according to data obtained in 2008 and 2014 in a group of school children showed that the measures taken to prevent diseases caused by iodine deficiency (the use of iodized salt in the diet of children and adolescents from organized groups on a regular basis) have given positive results.

[The structure of the nourishment of preschoolers during the weekend (short report)].

To study the feeding of 190 children aged 3-7 years attending 4 preschool educational institutions in the city Mezhdurechensk, Kemerovo region, at home on weekends questionnaires were conducted by the parents. Studies have shown that multiple meals in 57% of children was 5 times a day, 43% of children--4 times a day, including snacks; 97% of children have at breakfast main dish, drinks and sandwiches and only 3% of children have breakfast that did not meet standards for structure and was insufficient and inadequate to cover subsistence expenses of energy, because consisted of a sandwich and a drink. Only 7% of preschooler's lunch met recommendations on its structure and included the first, main dish, salad and drink, lunch of 93% of children included only one hot dish (first course, or the second). Dinner in volume, compared with the recommended standards, was redundant on average 57% of preschoolers since consisted of sandwiches, salad, meat dish and side, drink. Children's snacking during the day included the following suite of products: sandwiches (with sausage, cheese, butter), tea with sweets (candies, chocolate), fermented milk drink, fruits. When examining the frequency of meals during the day on weekends, there is a tendency to use the same dishes (what children ate for lunch, they eat at dinner on the same day, and then for breakfast on Sunday). The study of the structure of meals in pre-school children at home during the days of the week (evening meal) found that in most cases (67.8%) their dinner was irrational, the structure was identical to the structure of the adults of the family (fried dishes: fried pies, fried potatoes, sodas). Irrationally organized meals for children at the weekend showed inadequate knowledge of parents on the healthy diet for their child at home.