Presentación y seguimiento de poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF): diferencias entre las mutaciones APC y MUTYH / Presentation and Follow-up of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: Differences Between APC and MUTYH Mutations

ANTECEDENTES: La poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF) es una patología hereditaria, caracterizada por la existencia de pólipos y cáncer en el colon. La PAF puede ser consencuencia de dos trastornos genéticos: El gen adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) o el gen mutación Y homólogo (MUTYH). Las diferencias clínicas y fenotipicas entre las dos alteraciones geneticas no estan claramente establecidas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis restrospectivo de las manifestaciones clínicas, criterios quirúrgicos, características histológicas, tipo de mutación y resultados a largo plazo de pacientes diagnósticados mediante análisis genéticos de poliposis adenomatosa familiar entre 1984 y 2018. RESULTADOS: De un total de 71 pacientes incluidos en el estudio, en 14 de ellos se identificó mutación del gen MUTYH y en 57, mutación del gen APC. A 60 pacientes se les realizó tratamiento quirúrgico, a la mitad de ellos se les practicó proctocolectomía y a la otra mitad, colectomía total. En pacientes con la mutación APC, el 63% presentó adenomas duodenales; el 61%, pólipos gástricos y el 54% tumor desmoide. De los pacientes con la mutación del gen MUTYH, el 21% presentó adenomas duodenales y al 21% se le diagnosticó pólipos gástricos. En el 21% de los pacientes con mutación del gen APC, el número de pólipos fue inferior a 100 y en el 64% de los pacientes que presentaron mutación del gen MUTYH se observaron más de 100 pólipos en el colon. No existió diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre lo grupos respecto a la proporción de pacientes con más de 100 pólipos. CONCLUSIÓN: Es importante valorar la afectación colónica y la extracolónica en pacientes con mutaciones genéticas asociadas a la PAF

BACKGROUND: Familial adenomatous polyposis is described as one of the common two types of genetic disorders: APC and MUTYH gene associated polyposis syndrome and the clinical differences between the two can sometimes be unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis and comparison was made of clinical, surgical, and histological criteria, mutation types and the long-term results of patients who underwent genetic analysis which resulted in the diagnosis of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis between 1984 and 2018. RESULTS: Of the total 71 patients included in the study, 14 were identified with the MUTYH gene, and 57 with the APC mutation. In patients with the APC mutation, 63% had duodenal adenoma, 61% gastric polyp and 54% had desmoid tumor. Of the patients with the MUTYH mutation, 21% had duodenal adenoma and 21% were diagnosed with gastric polyps. In 21% of the patients with APC mutation, the polyp count was <100, and 64% of those with the MUTYH mutation had >100 polyps in the colon No statistical difference was determined between the groups in respect of the proportion of patients with >100 polyps. CONCLUSION: The pre-operative genetic testing of patients with polyposis coli will be useful in determining the future clinical outcome and helpful in guiding an informed decision as to whether to apply surgical treatment. It is useful to determine the colonic and extra-colonic involvement of genetic mutation diseases in patients with Familial adenomatous polyposis

Presentation and Follow-up of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: Differences Between APC and MUTYH Mutations. / Presentación y seguimiento de poliposis adenomatosa familiar (PAF): diferencias entre las mutaciones APC y MUTYH.

BACKGROUND: Familial adenomatous polyposis is described as one of the common two types of genetic disorders: APC and MUTYH gene associated polyposis syndrome and the clinical differences between the two can sometimes be unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis and comparison was made of clinical, surgical, and histological criteria, mutation types and the long-term results of patients who underwent genetic analysis which resulted in the diagnosis of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis between 1984 and 2018. RESULTS: Of the total 71 patients included in the study, 14 were identified with the MUTYH gene, and 57 with the APC mutation. In patients with the APC mutation, 63% had duodenal adenoma, 61% gastric polyp and 54% had desmoid tumor. Of the patients with the MUTYH mutation, 21% had duodenal adenoma and 21% were diagnosed with gastric polyps. In 21% of the patients with APC mutation, the polyp count was <100, and 64% of those with the MUTYH mutation had >100 polyps in the colon No statistical difference was determined between the groups in respect of the proportion of patients with >100 polyps. CONCLUSION: The pre-operative genetic testing of patients with polyposis coli will be useful in determining the future clinical outcome and helpful in guiding an informed decision as to whether to apply surgical treatment. It is useful to determine the colonic and extra-colonic involvement of genetic mutation diseases in patients with Familial adenomatous polyposis.