Dental trauma in children in Budapest. A retrospective study.

AIM: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are among the most serious dental public health problems in childhood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anterior tooth TDIs in 7- to 18-year-old children who presented for treatment over a period between January 2007 and December 2016, and to survey the effect of an increased health awareness and educational campaign about the risk of TDIs and the importance of prevention methods in decreasing their prevalence compared with data published in the years 1985-1999. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study was carried out on 454 children who presented for treatment at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics in Budapest, Hungary. RESULTS: The prevalence of TDIs was 1%. Males experienced more dental injuries than females. The incidence of dental trauma peaked at 9 years of age. The most observed injury was luxation. Most accidents occurred during playtime at home. TDIs occurred most frequently in the spring. CONCLUSION: The increased health awareness, a wide educational campaign about the risk of TDIs and the importance of prevention methods have essentially contributed to the decrease in the prevalence of TDIs, with an increase of luxation injuries and a decrease of teeth fractures.

Prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in dental paediatric and orthodontic patients in Hungary.

Non-syndromic permanent canine agenesis, or combined with agenesis, or developmental absence of other tooth types, has occasionally been described in the literature, but isolated forms are rarely observed. The purpose of the present retrospective radiographic study was to provide data on the prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in the Hungarian population. Dental panoramic tomograms and the medical history data of 4417, 6- to 18-year-old children (average age 12 years, male-to-female ratio 1:1), who presented for treatment at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary, were examined. Patients with systemic diseases were excluded. Chi-square and Fisher's tests were performed to determine statistical significance at a level of P < 0.05. Thirteen subjects had permanent canine agenesis. The overall prevalence was 0.29 per cent. The prevalence of permanent canine agenesis was 0.27 per cent in the maxilla and 0.09 per cent in the mandible (P < 0.01). The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.2. Dental anomalies associated with permanent canine agenesis were found: 11 patients had retention of the primary canines, 10 other types of agenesis of the permanent teeth, one a primary supernumerary tooth, one a supernumerary cusp, and nine occlusal disturbances.

Prevalence of accessory tooth cusps in a contemporary and ancestral Hungarian population.

Dental morphological characteristics are useful for providing information for phylogenic and genetic studies and understanding variations within and among species. Carabelli and talon cusps are expressed in several degrees and different frequencies between humans, thus being useful in comparing and characterizing populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and degree of expression of a Carabelli tubercle and talon cusps in a contemporary Hungarian population compared with similar findings in the dentition of skulls dating from the 11th century, the so-called Arpád-era. The data were collected by examination of dental plaster casts of 600 children aged 7-18 years (304 males, 296 females) undergoing orthodontic treatment. The dentitions of 147 skulls, dating from the 11th century, from the ancient Halimba-Cseres cemetery stored at the Hungarian Natural History Museum were also examined. The incidence and degree of expression of a Carabelli cusp was investigated for the upper first permanent molars and scored according to an eight-grade classification system. The talon cusps on the upper permanent lateral incisors were also examined. A chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of Carabelli cusps was 65.34 per cent in the contemporary and 34 per cent in the 11th century population (P < 0.01). The contemporary group showed a prevalence of talon cusps of 2.5 per cent compared with 40.8 per cent for the skills from the Arpád-era, which was significant (P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that the contemporary Hungarian population is a mixture of European and Mongoloid races. The data are in agreement with linguistic evidence that shows that distant Hungarian ancestors belonged to the Finno-Ugrian family of people, whose habitats extended from the Baltic to the middle Urals.

Oral health in 8-9 year-old children in Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) and in two Hungarian cities (Budapest and Debrecen).

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the results of standardised oral examination (dmft/DMFT, CPI) of 1,090 8-9 year-old children from Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) and 906 8-9 year-old children from Budapest and Debrecen (Hungary) to assess the oral health condition after the political changes and the transformation of the dental care systems in Eastern Germany and in Hungary respectively. METHOD: Children were randomly selected from urban and suburban areas in one of the new Federal States of Germany. Hungarian children were selected from Budapest and Debrecen. The clinical examinations were based on WHO criteria. RESULTS: The mean dmft of the German children was 3.5 (95% CI: 3.33-3.68); the corresponding mean in the Hungarian sample was 2.3 (95% CI: 2.19-2.55). In both samples the decayed (d) component was the highest within the dmft. The mean DMFT in the German sample was 0.7 (DT = 0.4, FT = 0.3, MT = 0); in Hungary the corresponding means were 0.4 (DT = 0.3, FT = 0.1, MT = 0). Initial inflammation was the most common gingivial condition found. CONCLUSION: In general the oral health status of both groups was poor. The major problem was the high percentage of children with caries that needed treatment.

The influx of serum albumin to enamel matrix in rat incisors after trauma.

The most frequent results of trauma to tooth germs are enamel hypoplasia and enamel hypocalcification. These differing results may be due to the stage of amelogenesis at which trauma occurs. The cellular and biomolecullar events involved in the genesis of these defects are poorly understood. We hypothesized that one factor involved is the possibility that relatively high levels of serum albumin enter the enamel matrix through the damaged enamel organ, and impair mineralization of the matrix. The present study was undertaken to immunohistochemically and autoradiographically localize serum albumin in the enamel organs of rat incisors after trauma was inflicted to the mandibular incisor region of 4-day-old rats. Hemorrhage was seen surrounding the enamel organ and between the detached secretory-stage ameloblasts. One day after trauma, the most intense immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for albumin was localized in the outer layer of the enamel matrix adjacent to the detached secretory-stage ameloblasts. Albumin was also detected autoradiographically in the secretory-stage ameloblasts layer and enamel matrix. These findings indicate that serum albumin can leak between the detached ameloblasts and penetrate the enamel matrix after trauma. Leaked albumin was still present in the matrix during the maturation stage. Leaked albumin in the developing enamel could inhibit crystal growth and result in hypocalcification.

[Prevalence of congenital hypodontia in the permanent dentition and its treatment]. / A maradó fogak csírahiányának elófordulási gyakorisága és a kezelés lehetóségei.

Congenital aplasia (agenesis) is an important development dental anomaly. There is a big discrepancy between the data on the prevalence of aplasia in dental literature. The authors analyzed orthopantomograms of 1875 children and adolescents at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics of Semmelweis University. The prevalence of congenital aplasia was found 15.68% (294 subjects). There was no difference between the sexes. The most frequently missing teeth were the upper lateral incisors, the lower second premolars, the upper second premolars and the lower central incisors. The highest number of aplasia was detected in the second premolars (330 teeth). The frequency of aplasia of the molars was 0.74%. Oligodontia was found in 1.12%. The authors present two patients with aplasia and the successful treatment of the cases.

[Effect of experimentally induced trauma to the incisors in rats]. / Experimentálisan létrehozott trauma hatása patkánymetszókön.

The purpose of this study was to produce developmental lesions of enamel in rats by a quick and simple method and to examine the enamel hypoplasia caused by trauma. 4-day-old and 3-week-old Wistar rats were used. Trauma was produced by needle pricking and hitting on the mandibula. After one week incisors were removed together with jaws and prepared for microradiography, X-ray diffraction, light microscope and transmission electron microscope examination. Microradiographic findings in the needle pricking group revealed hypocalcified and hypoplastic enamel. The incidence was 73.7%. In the hitting group of 4-day-old rats the incidence was lower, 70.0%. Microradiographic findings in this group were diffuse hypoplasia in the surface enamel. Hitting of 3-week-old rats produced no enamel hypoplasia. Crystallinity of hypoplastic enamel was reduced in both a-axis and c-axis direction. Histological findings in 4-day-old rats revealed disarranged and detached ameloblasts at location trauma. These results indicate that a needle pricking method involving secretory stage ameloblasts of 4-day-old rat incisors can induce a considerable amount of enamel hypoplasia.

Dental trauma in children presenting for treatment at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics, Budapest, 1985-1999.

Data on children with dental trauma who presented for treatment at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics in Budapest over a period of 15 years were analysed. The WHO guidelines were used to classify the traumatic injuries. A total of 590 children were involved, 810 teeth being affected. Children aged 7-14 years made up 88% of the cohort. The male:female ratio was 58:42. The permanent:primary ratio for the affected teeth was 90:10. The teeth most commonly affected were the maxillary central incisors. In 70% of the cases, only one tooth was traumatised. The incidence of dental trauma peaked at 10 years of age. The most common injury type observed was enamel-dentin crown fracture. The decreasing sequence of frequency of etiological factors was playing, sports, falls, cycling, road accidents and fighting. Of the accidents, 65% occurred at school or at home. Seventy seven per cent of the patients presented for medical care in the first 3 days after the accident.

[Frequency of supernumerary teeth and possibilities of treatment]. / A maradó számfeletti fogak elófordulási gyakorisága és kezelésük lehetóségei.

According to dental literature, the frequency of supernumerary teeth is 1-3%. The authors analyzed the orthopantomograms of 1875 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years to determine the frequency of supernumerary teeth at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics. The frequency was found to be 1.92%. The sequence of frequency of supernumerary teeth was: mesiodens, lateral incisor, central incisor. 77.8% of the supernumerary teeth occurred in the maxilla, 97.2% in the frontal region. Besides the data found, two successful cases of surgical and orthodontic treatment are also presented.

[Dental treatment of handicapped children under general anesthesia]. / Fogyatékos gyermekek fogászati kezelése általános érzéstelenítésben.

Complex dental treatment of a 15-year-old mentally retarded boy was presented by the authors. Oral surgical, restorative dental, and prosthetic intervention (upper and lower bridge) was done partly with intravenous narcotic agent (Propofol) and partly under intubation narcosis.

Endodontic treatment of immature tooth with dens invaginatus: a case report.

The endodontic treatment of a dens invaginatus in an immature permanent upper lateral incisor of a 9-year-old boy is presented. Root canal treatment was performed using calcium hydroxide paste as a temporary root canal filling in order to achieve apexification. This was replaced after closure of the apex with a final root canal filling using gutta-percha and AH 26 as the sealer. The follow-up radiographic control demonstrated the effectiveness of nonsurgical treatment in a case of incomplete root formation in a tooth with dens invaginatus.

[Experience with Ketac silver filling material]. / Ketac silver tömöanyaggal szerzett tapasztalataink.

The authors used ESPE's Ketac silver "cermet" in deciduous molars. They advise to use it only in deciduous teeth because of its low wearing quality and britleness.

General anaesthesia of out-patients in pedodontics.

Complete dental treatment of 180 children has been undertaken under general anaesthesia. Indications for this were mental retardation and dental fear. Because of the simple technique and advantageous pharmacological properties, ketamine, and later its Hungarian analogue, Calypsol, were used.

[Comparative study of the fissure sealants Concise and Delton]. / Osszehasonlító vizsgálatok Concise és Delton barázdazáró anyaggal.

In the case of Concise after one year 88.3% and after two years 72.8% caries-prophylactic effect was measured. In case of Delton the same values were 83.8% and 89.4%, respectively.

[Experience with amalgams manufactured by Southern Dental Industries (Australia)]. / Tapasztalataink az SDI cég által gyártott amalgámmal.

The gamma 2 phaseless amalgam of the firm Southern Dental Industries (SDI) was tested. None of the 205 fillings showed level deviations, unevenness, secondary caries and breakage. A minimum size gap was found in 2 cases.

[Ambulatory anesthesia in pediatric dentistry]. / Ambuláns narkózis a gyermekfogászatban.

Complex dental care has been performed on 180 mentally retarded children difficult to manage in general narcosis. Ketalar (Parke-Davis) employable also im. and iv. and its Hungarian counterpart the Calypsol (Köbányai Gyógyszerárugyár), respectively, was employed for narcotics.