Volatile Composition of Fortification Grape Spirit and Port Wine: Where Do We Stand?

Port wine's prominence worldwide is unequivocal and the grape spirit, which comprises roughly one fifth of the total volume of this fortified wine, is also a contributor to the recognized quality of this beverage. Nonetheless, information about the influence of the grape spirit on the final aroma of Port wine, as well as its volatile composition, is extremely limited. Moreover, the aroma characteristics of Port wines are modulated mainly by their volatile profiles. Hence, this review presents a detailed overview of the volatile composition of the fortification spirit and Port wine, along with the methodologies employed for their characterization. Moreover, it gives a general overview of the Douro Demarcated Region (Portugal) and the relevance of fortification spirit to the production of Port wine. As far as we know, this review contains the most extensive database on the volatile composition of grape spirit and Port wine, corresponding to 23 and 208 compounds, respectively. To conclude, the global outlook and future challenges are addressed, with the position of the analytical coverage of the chemical data on volatile components discussed as crucial for the innovation centered on consumer preferences.

Soybean sorting based on protein content using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate performance of an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) sensor to classify soybean based on protein content. The hypothesis was that sulfur signals and other XRF spectral features can be used as proxies to infer soybean protein content. Sample preparation and equipment settings to optimize detection of S and other specific emission lines were tested for this application. A logistic regression model for classifying soybean as high- or low-protein was developed based on XRF spectra and protein contents. Additionally, the model was validated with an independent set of samples. Global accuracies of the method were 0.83 (training set) and 0.81 (test set) and the corresponding kappa indices were 0.66 and 0.61, respectively. These numbers indicated satisfactory performance of the sensor, suggesting that XRF spectral features can be applied for screening protein content in soybean.

A multi-sensor human gait dataset captured through an optical system and inertial measurement units.

Different technologies can acquire data for gait analysis, such as optical systems and inertial measurement units (IMUs). Each technology has its drawbacks and advantages, fitting best to particular applications. The presented multi-sensor human gait dataset comprises synchronized inertial and optical motion data from 25 participants free of lower-limb injuries, aged between 18 and 47 years. A smartphone and a custom micro-controlled device with an IMU were attached to one of the participant's legs to capture accelerometer and gyroscope data, and 42 reflexive markers were taped over the whole body to record three-dimensional trajectories. The trajectories and inertial measurements were simultaneously recorded and synchronized. Participants were instructed to walk on a straight-level walkway at their normal pace. Ten trials for each participant were recorded and pre-processed in each of two sessions, performed on different days. This dataset supports the comparison of gait parameters and properties of inertial and optical capture systems, whereas allows the study of gait characteristics specific for each system.

Trombose séptica do seio cavernoso associada à infecção odontogênica: relato de caso / Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis Associated to Odontogenic Infection: Case Report / Trombosis séptica del seno cavernoso asociada a infección odontogénica: reporte de un caso

Introdução: A Trombose Séptica do Seio Cavernoso é uma condição rara, de difícil diagnóstico e seu tratamento deve ser incisivo e assertivo. Mais frequentemente a etiologia da trombose é a extensão de processos infecciosos no terço médio da face, como sinusites dos seios paranasais. Objetivo: Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um relato de caso clínico de um paciente de 26 anos acometido por trombose séptica do seio cavernoso odontogênica. Relato de caso: O paciente foi submetido a duas drenagens cirúrgicas dos sítios infectados, assim como remoção das causas (dois molares superiores), seguidas de antibioticoretapia endovenosa e controles imaginológico e laboratorial. Conclusão: O diagnóstico precoce e etiologicamente correto seguido de um tratamento clínico e cirúrgico emergente e incisivo são fundamentais na resolução favorável da trombose séptica do seio cavernoso e na diminuição de suas sequelas... (AU)

Introduction: Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis is a rare condition, hard to diagnose and its treatment must be incisive and assertive. More often the etiology of thrombosis is the extension of infectious processes in the middle third of the face, such as sinusitis of the paranasal sinuses. Objectives: This paper aims to present a case report of a 26-year-old patient with odontogenic Cavernous Sinus Septic Thrombosis. Case Report: The patient underwent two surgical drainage of the infected sites, as well as removal of the causes (two maxillary molars), followed by intravenous antibiotic therapy and imaging and laboratory controls. Conclusion: Early and etiologically correct diagnosis followed by an emergent and incisive clinical and surgical treatment are fundamental in the favorable resolution of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis and in the reduction of its sequelae... (AU)

Introducción: La Trombosis del Seno Cavernoso Séptico es una condición rara, difícil de diagnosticar y su tratamiento debe ser incisivo y asertivo. Más a menudo, la etiología de la trombosis es la extensión de procesos infecciosos en el tercio medio de la cara, como la sinusitis de los senos paranasales. Objetivos: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar el reporte de un caso de un paciente de 26 años con Trombosis Séptica del Seno Cavernoso odontogénica. Reporte de caso: El paciente fue sometido a dos drenajes quirúrgicos de los sitios infectados, así como a la extirpación de las causas (dos molares maxilares), seguido de antibioticoterapia endovenosa y controles de imagen y laboratorio. Conclusión: El diagnóstico precoz y etiologicamente correcto seguido de un tratamiento clínico y quirúrgico emergente e incisivo son fundamentales en la resolución favorable de la trombosis del seno cavernoso séptico y en la reducción de sus secuelas... (AU)

Reliability and generalization of gait biometrics using 3D inertial sensor data and 3D optical system trajectories.

Particularities in the individuals' style of walking have been explored for at least three decades as a biometric trait, empowering the automatic gait recognition field. Whereas gait recognition works usually focus on improving end-to-end performance measures, this work aims at understanding which individuals' traces are more relevant to improve subjects' separability. For such, a manifold projection technique and a multi-sensor gait dataset were adopted to investigate the impact of each data source characteristics on this separability. Assessments have shown it is hard to distinguish individuals based only on their walking patterns in a subject-based identification scenario. In this setup, the subjects' separability is more related to their physical characteristics than their movements related to gait cycles and biomechanical events. However, this study's results also points to the feasibility of learning identity characteristics from individuals' walking patterns learned from similarities and differences between subjects in a verification setup. The explorations concluded that periodic components occurring in frequencies between 6 and 10 Hz are more significant for learning these patterns than events and other biomechanical movements related to the gait cycle, as usually explored in the literature.

Spectral data of tropical soils using dry-chemistry techniques (VNIR, XRF, and LIBS): A dataset for soil fertility prediction.

Proximal soil sensing technologies, such as visible and near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (VNIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), are dry-chemistry techniques that enable rapid and environmentally friendly soil fertility analyses. The application of XRF and LIBS sensors in an individual or combined manner for soil fertility prediction is quite recent, especially in tropical soils. The shared dataset presents spectral data of VNIR, XRF, and LIBS sensors, even as the characterization of key soil fertility attributes (clay, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, pH, base saturation, and exchangeable P, K, Ca, and Mg) of 102 soil samples. The samples were obtained from two Brazilian agricultural areas and have a wide variation of chemical and textural attributes. This is a pioneer dataset of tropical soils, with potential to be reused for comparative studies with other datasets, e.g., comparing the performance of sensors, instrumental conditions, and/or predictive models on different soil types, soil origin, concentration range, and agricultural practices. Moreover, it can also be applied to compose soil spectral libraries that use spectral data collected under similar instrumental conditions.

Information and behavioral responses during a pandemic: Evidence from delays in Covid-19 death reports.

Providing information is important for managing epidemics, but issues with data accuracy may hinder its effectiveness. Focusing on Covid-19 in Mexico, we ask whether delays in death reports affect individuals' beliefs and behavior. Exploiting administrative data and an online survey, we provide evidence that behavior, and consequently the evolution of the pandemic, are considerably different when death counts are presented by date reported rather than by date occurred, due to non-negligible reporting delays. We then use an equilibrium model incorporating an endogenous behavioral response to illustrate how reporting delays lead to slower individual responses, and consequently, worse epidemic outcomes.

Speed and rotation variations in gathering coffee machine / Variações de velocidades e rotações no recolhimento mecanizado do café

The mechanized harvesting operation of coffee sweep from ground have a great importance, due the value of the coffee that was lost by the harvest process, as well as the breakdown of the cycle of pests that can damage the coffee. To change work settings can influence significantly the capacity of the gathering system. Due, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence the speed of displacement and rotations of the components of gathering coffee machine in its performance. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Presidente Olegário-MG on coffee plantations aged 10 to 11 years. The field, presenting an average of 990 kg ha-1 of coffee present in the soil after the machine harvest. The engine rotations of the tractor evaluated were 146.6, 162.3, 178.0, 193.7, and 209.4 rad.s-1 combined with the 1stA and 2ndA gears, resulting in different working speeds. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with five replicates. The variables analyzed were the gathering efficiency, cleaning efficiency, coffee losses, and percentage of mineral and vegetal impurities. It was concluded that the gathering efficiency was higher when working with 178.0 rad.s-1 at 1.26 km h-1, resulting in lower coffee losses in the operation, a preponderant factor in the study. On the other hand, the best cleaning efficiency of the machine was found when using 193.7 rad.s-1 and 1.37 km h-1.

A operação de recolhimento mecanizado do café de varreção apresenta grande importância, devido ao valor do café que é perdido pelo processo de colheita, como também pela quebra do ciclo de pragas que podem prejudicar o cafeeiro. A alteração de regulagens de trabalho da recolhedora pode influenciar significantemente na capacidade do sistema de recolhimento. Portanto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a influência da velocidade de deslocamento e das rotações dos componentes da recolhedora no seu desempenho. O experimento foi realizado no município de Presidente Olegário-MG em lavoura de café com idade de 10 a 11 anos. A área estudada foi caracterizada, apresentando média de 990 kg ha-1 de café presentes no solo para recolhimento. As rotações do motor do trator avaliadas foram de 146.6, 162.3, 178.0, 193.7, e 209.4 rad.s-1 combinadas com as marchas 1ªA e 2ªA, resultando em diferentes velocidades de trabalho. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram a eficiência de recolhimento, eficiência de limpeza, perdas de café e porcentagem de impurezas minerais e vegetais. Concluiu-se que a eficiência de recolhimento foi maior quando se trabalhou com 178.0 rad.s-1 à 1,26 km h-1, originando assim menores perdas de café na operação, fator preponderante no estudo. Por outro lado, a melhor eficiência de limpeza da máquina foi encontrada quando se utilizou 193.7 rad.s-1 e 1,37 km h-1.

Combined Use of Vis-NIR and XRF Sensors for Tropical Soil Fertility Analysis: Assessing Different Data Fusion Approaches.

Visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) diffuse reflectance and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) sensors are promising proximal soil sensing (PSS) tools for predicting soil key fertility attributes. This work aimed at assessing the performance of the individual and combined use of vis-NIR and XRF sensors to predict clay, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, base saturation (V), and extractable (ex-) nutrients (ex-P, ex-K, ex-Ca, and ex-Mg) in Brazilian tropical soils. Individual models using the data of each sensor alone were calibrated using multiple linear regressions (MLR) for the XRF data, and partial least squares (PLS) regressions for the vis-NIR data. Six data fusion approaches were evaluated and compared against individual models using relative improvement (RI). The data fusion approaches included (i) two spectra fusion approaches, which simply combined the data of both sensors in a merged dataset, followed by support vector machine (SF-SVM) and PLS (SF-PLS) regression analysis; (ii) two model averaging approaches using the Granger and Ramanathan (GR) method; and (iii) two data fusion methods based on least squares (LS) modeling. For the GR and LS approaches, two different combinations of inputs were used for MLR. The GR2 and LS2 used the prediction of individual sensors, whereas the GR3 and LS3 used the individual sensors prediction plus the SF-PLS prediction. The individual vis-NIR models showed the best results for clay and OM prediction (RPD ≥ 2.61), while the individual XRF models exhibited the best predictive models for CEC, V, ex-K, ex-Ca, and ex-Mg (RPD ≥ 2.57). For eight out of nine soil attributes studied (clay, CEC, pH, V, ex-P, ex-K, ex-Ca, and ex-Mg), the combined use of vis-NIR and XRF sensors using at least one of the six data fusion approaches improved the accuracy of the predictions (with RI ranging from 1 to 21%). In general, the LS3 model averaging approach stood out as the data fusion method with the greatest number of attributes with positive RI (six attributes; namely, clay, CEC, pH, ex-P, ex-K, and ex-Mg). Meanwhile, no single approach was capable of exploiting the synergism between sensors for all attributes of interest, suggesting that the selection of the best data fusion approach should be attribute-specific. The results presented in this work evidenced the complementarity of XRF and vis-NIR sensors to predict fertility attributes in tropical soils, and encourage further research to find a generalized method of data fusion of both sensors data.

Effects of storage on vis-NIR-SWIR reflectance spectra of Mombasa grass leaf samples / Efeitos do armazenamento no espectro de reflectância vis-NIR-SWIR de amostras foliares de capim Mombaça

ABSTRACT: Vis-NIR-SWIR reflectance spectra of leaf samples, collected in the laboratory, allow the calibration of predictive models to quantify their physicochemical attributes in a practical manner and without producing chemical residues. This technique should enable the development of management strategies for intensification of pasture use. However, spectral analysis performed in the laboratory may be affected by the deterioration of plant material during transport from the field to the lab, so storage methods are necessary. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different storage methods on the spectral response of Mombasa grass leaves. Three methods were evaluated: (i) artificially refrigerated environment, (ii) humid environment, and (iii) without microenvironment control. These methods were tested in five different storage times: 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours. The spectral behavior of the leaves still inserted in the plant was used as a quality reference. Results showed notable changes at the earliest storage time for the treatment without microenvironment control. Both methods with microenvironment control stabilized the occurrence of spectral changes over 48 hours of the samples storage, thus both were suggested for this species.

RESUMO: Espectros de reflectância vis-NIR-SWIR de amostras foliares, coletados em laboratório, permitem a calibração de modelos preditivos para quantificação de seus atributos físico-químicos de maneira prática e sem produção de resíduos químicos. Esta técnica permite o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo para a intensificação do uso de pastagens. Contudo, análises espectrais realizadas em laboratório podem ser afetadas pela deterioração do material vegetal durante o transporte do campo ao laboratório, fazendo-se necessário a utilização de métodos de armazenamento. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de armazenamento na resposta espectral de folhas de capim Mombaça. Avaliou-se três métodos: (i) ambiente refrigerado artificialmente; (ii) ambiente úmido; e (iii) ao ar livre, sem controle do microambiente; assim como, cinco diferentes tempos de armazenamento: 2 horas, 4 horas, 8 horas, 24 horas e 48 horas. O comportamento espectral das folhas ainda inseridas na planta foi utilizado como referência de qualidade. Os resultados mostraram alterações pronunciadas para o armazenamento ao ar livre já nos primeiros intervalos de tempo. Ambos métodos com controle de microambiente permitiram estabilizar a ocorrência de alterações espectrais ao longo das 48h de armazenamento das amostras, sendo ambos sugeridos para esta espécie.

Simplifying Sample Preparation for Soil Fertility Analysis by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.

Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) sensors allow one to collect digital data in a practical and environmentally friendly way, as a complementary method to traditional laboratory analyses. This work aimed to assess the performance of a pXRF sensor to predict exchangeable nutrients in soil samples by using two contrasting strategies of sample preparation: pressed pellets and loose powder (<2 mm). Pellets were prepared using soil and a cellulose binder at 10% w w-1 followed by grinding for 20 min. Sample homogeneity was probed by X-ray fluorescence microanalysis. Exchangeable nutrients were assessed by pXRF furnished with a Rh X-ray tube and silicon drift detector. The calibration models were obtained using 58 soil samples and leave-one-out cross-validation. The predictive capabilities of the models were appropriate for both exchangeable K (ex-K) and Ca (ex-Ca) determinations with R2 ≥ 0.76 and RPIQ > 2.5. Although XRF analysis of pressed pellets allowed a slight gain in performance over loose powder samples for the prediction of ex-K and ex-Ca, satisfactory performances were also obtained with loose powders, which require minimal sample preparation. The prediction models with local samples showed promising results and encourage more detailed investigations for the application of pXRF in tropical soils.

The times, movements and operational efficiency of mechanized coffee harvesting in sloped areas.

Coffee farms have been adopting the microterraces system, a technique that reduces the effect of the slope by moving the soil between the crop lines. In this way, all the mechanized operations can be carried out normally, except for harvesting, due to the work limitation of the harvesters, who work in areas with a maximum slope of 20%. One option is to use unilateral harvesters, which crop one side at a time; however, there has been no research on these microterrace machines to evaluate their performance and to compare it with those of the other harvesting methods in those regions. This study aimed to compare the mechanized harvest performance in the microterraces with the manual and semimechanized harvesting methods. The study was carried out in an agricultural area of the municipality of Ouro Fino / MG, Brazil, in a crop production site where the microterraces were built six years before the experiment. The treatments were assigned to a split-block design with seven repetitions and consisted of mechanized harvest-unilateral harvester with bag storage; manual harvest-regionally experienced workers; and semimechanized harvest-with portable breakers. Through an analysis of the times and movements, the operational efficiency and operational and effective field capabilities were measured. The adoption of microterraces allows the efficient mechanization of areas previously impossible to mechanize. The unilateral harvester is a potential tool for the partial replacement of manual labor in the harvest, performing a service equivalent to that of 23.68 manual workers and 10.55 manual workers in the semimechanized system.

Hard and soft tissue manipulation to optimize the peri-implant aesthetics - case report

Introduction: The demand for aesthetic results in oral rehabilitation by dental implants in the anterior area constitutes a major challenge for dentists. Objective: The purpose of this paper was to report the management of hard and soft tissues to optimize the aesthetics of a single implant at anterior area. Case report: The patient underwent autogenous block bone graft surgery, Morse taper implant installation, peri-implant soft tissue manipulation through the “roll on" technique, provisional tooth and prosthetic finishing with metal free implant-supported crown. Conclusion: After three years of follow-up, this paper strongly suggests that the combination of bone with gingival techniques proved to be essential for obtaining predictability and adequate esthetic results.

Mixoma do tecido mole cervical: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Myxoma of cervical soft tissue: case report and literature review

Introdução: Mixomas são tumores mesenquimais benignos que ocorrem raramente na região da cabeça e do pescoço. A maioria das lesões é de origem odontogênica e envolvem os ossos da face. Mixomas do tecido mole são muito raros e amplamente distribuídos pelo corpo, sendo mais freqüentemente relatados na musculatura cardíaca. Objetivo: Descrever um raro caso de mixoma do tecido mole extramuscular em região submandibular esquerda. Relato do Caso: Paciente do sexo masculino portador de mixoma extramuscular em loja submandibular esquerda, inicialmente conduzido como um cisto branquial. O tratamento consistiu na excisão cirúrgica com margens adequadas e posterior confirmação histológica do mixoma. Conclusões: A ressecção com margens adequadas é o tratamento de escolha para evitarem recidivas e o seguimento ambulatorial deve rigoroso.

Introduction: Myxomas are benign mesenchymal tumors that rarely occur in the head and neck area. Most of these injuries are odontogenic and involve facial bones. Myxomas of the soft tissue are very rare and widely distributed in the body, and most frequently reported in the heart muscles. Objective: To describe a case of extramuscular soft tissue myxoma in the left submaxillary area. Case Report: A male patient was referred to our service with extramuscular soft tissue myxoma in the left submaxillary area initially behaved as a branchial cyst. The treatment consisted of surgical excision with adequate margins and subsequent histology confirmation of the myxoma. Conclusions: The adequate resection of extramuscular myxoma is the main choice to avoid local failure, and the follow-up must be rigorous.

Condroma de cartilagem cricóide / Chondroma of the cricoid cartilage

Introdução: Os tumores cartilaginosos da laringe são raros, compreendendo 1% de todos os tumores cartilaginosos. O condroma é tumor benigno mais comum acometendo a cartilagem cricóide da laringe (75%), manifestando-se comumente no gênero masculino, com disfonia, dispnéia progressiva e disfagia em alguns casos. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de condroma de cartilagem cricóide, em paciente com sintoma de lesão nodular em região cervical anterior, de crescimento lento e progressivo. Relato do Caso: O tratamento foi a laringectomia parcial modificada, com ressecção do hemisegmento inferior da cartilagem tireóide, hemicartilagem cricóide e primeiro anel traqueal com margens livres e reconstrução com de retalho de pericôndrio e muscular pré-tireoideano. O exame anátomo-patológico demonstrou condroma de 1,1 cm, de baixa celularidade e baixas figuras de mitose atipicamente na região anterior da cartilagem cricóide. Conclusão: Neste relato concordamos com a literatura para o tratamento primariamente cirúrgico, de extensão dependendo da localização e do tamanho do condroma de cricóide, porém outras modalidades de tratamento podem ser adotadas nos casos onde a extensão tumoral indique a laringectomia total ou quando esta não é passível de realização, visando à preservação da laringe. Para o tratamento adequado de condromas de cricóide e entendimento da evolução natural da doença mais relatos de casos ainda são necessários.

Introduction: The larynx cartilaginous tumors are uncommon and comprise 1% of all cartilaginous tumors. The chondroma is the most common benign tumor affecting the larynx cricoid cartilage (75%), and manifests normally in the male gender with dysphonia, progressive dyspnea and dysphagy in some cases. Objective: The objective of this study is to report a case of cricoid cartilage chondroma, in a patient with the symptom of a nodular lesion in the frontal cervical region of slow and progressive growth. Case Report: The treatment was the modified partial laryngectomy with resection of the lower hemisegment of the thyroid cartilage, cricoid hemicartilage and the first tracheal ring with free margins and reconstruction with a pericondrium and muscular prethyroidean piece. The anatomopathological exam showed a chondroma of 1.1 cm, of atypical low cellularity and low figures of mitosis in the frontal region of the cricoid cartilage. Conclusion: In this report we agreed with the literature for the primarily extensive surgical treatment depending on the location and the size of the cricoid chondroma; however, other modalities of treatment may be adopted in cases where the tumor extension appoints a total laryngectomy or when this is not possible to carry out, aiming at the preservation of the larynx. For the suitable treatment of cricoid chondromas, the understanding of the disease natural evolution and more case reports are still necessary.

Schwanoma melanocítico fatal: rara apresentação no espaço parafaríngeo / Fatal melanotic schwannoma: a rare presentation at parapharyngeal space

O Schwanoma melanocítico (SM) é uma neoplasia benigna rara dos nervos periféricos e sua evolução letal com metástases constitui exceção. A sua apresentação no espaço parafaríngeo é incomum e o tratamento eminentemente cirúrgico. Relata-se o caso de um paciente jovem portador de SM extenso submetido á ressecção com margens amplas que evoluiu com óbito devido a metástases à distância após um ano do tratamento inicial.

The melanotic schwannoma (MS) is a rare benign periferic neural sheet neoplasia and the lethal evolution with distant metastasis remain very uncommon. Its presentation at the parapharyngeal space is uncommon and the surgery is the preferred treatment. We present a report of a young male patient with extensive MS submitted to radical resection with free margins who evolved with distant metastasis and death after one year of the primary treatment