RESUMEN
Wetted-foam layers are of significant interest for inertial-confinement-fusion capsules, due to the control they provide over the convergence ratio of the implosion and the opportunity this affords to minimize hydrodynamic instability growth. However, the equation of state for fusion-relevant foams are not well characterized, and many simulations rely on modeling such foams as a homogeneous medium with the foam average density. To address this issue, an experiment was performed using the VULCAN Nd:glass laser at the Central Laser Facility. The aim was to measure the principal Hugoniot of TMPTA plastic foams at 260mg/cm^{3}, corresponding to the density of liquid DT-wetted-foam layers, and their "hydrodynamic equivalent" capsules. A VISAR was used to obtain the shock velocity of both the foam and an α-quartz reference layer, while streaked optical pyrometry provided the temperature of the shocked material. The measurements confirm that, for the 20-120 GPa pressure range accessed, this material can indeed be well described using the equation of state of the homogeneous medium at the foam density.
RESUMEN
The targets that are used to produce high-energy protons with ultra-high intensity lasers generate a strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP). To mitigate that undesired side effect, we developed and tested a concept called the "birdhouse." It consists in confining the EMP field in a finite volume and in dissipating the trapped electromagnetic energy with an electric resistor. A prototype was tested at a 10 TW 50 fs laser facility. The recorded average EMP mitigation ratio is about 20 for frequencies from 100 MHz to 6 GHz. The EMP mitigation ratio attains the level of 50 in the frequency range of 1-2 GHz where microwave emission is maximal. We measured the intensity of proton emission in two directions: along the laser propagation direction and along the edge of the proton beam. We observed that the "birdhouse" induces a two-fold increase of the intensity in the center of the proton beam and a two-fold reduction of the intensity on its edge. We did not observe any modification of the proton beam normalized spectrum.
RESUMEN
HL-A antigens have been determined in 110 not related Caucasian patients from southwest Germany suffering from hay fever and in 353 blood donors from the same area. Gene-frequencies and haplotype-frequencies of these 2 groups were compared, deviations within various specific allergy groups were investigated taking into consideration associated diseases. Patients suffering from hay fever showed a significant increase in frequency of W 19 and a significant decrease in HL-A8. Increase of W 19 was most evident in persons who became sick before the 16th year of age and in those who showed asthmatic symptoms in addition to those of hay fever. HL-A8 is significantly decreased only in persons who became sick after the 16th year of age. Found differences in haplotype-frequencies need further confirmation in larger studies. A relationship between changes of HL-A frequencies in hay fever due to special pollen allergies could not be determined.
