On methods for radiometric surveying in radiotherapy bunkers.

Radiometric surveys in radiotherapy bunkers have been carried out in Brazil for many years, both by the same radiotherapy facility for verification of shielding as by the regulatory agency for licensing and control purposes. In recent years, the Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) technique has been gradually incorporated into many facilities. Therefore, it has been necessary to consider the increased leakage component that has an important impact on the secondary walls. For that, a radiometric survey method has been used that considers an increased 'time of beam-on' for the secondary walls. In this work we discuss two methods of doing this: the first considers that this 'time of beam-on' affects the sum of the two components, leakage and scattered. In another method it is considered that only the leakage component is affected by this extended 'time of beam-on'. We compare the methods and show that for secondary walls withU= 1 the first method overestimates dose rates by important percentages and for secondary walls withU< 1 it can both overestimate or underestimate the dose rates, depending on the parameters of the project. An optimized procedure is proposed, according to the use factor (U) of the secondary wall to be measured.

"Aquende a neca e aperte os seios": inteligibilidade, trabalho e saúde nas experiências de pessoas trans universitárias / "Tuck the girldick and bind the breasts: " intelligibility, work, and health in the experiences of university trans people

Resumo As pessoas trans estão expostas a diferentes situações de vulnerabilidade que se entrecruzam, causando impactos negativos no processo saúde-doença-cuidado. Para melhor compreender essa questão, buscamos conhecer as experiências de sete estudantes trans de uma universidade pública de Minas Gerais, a partir de entrevistas norteadas por roteiro semiestruturado. As falas foram analisadas pela perspectiva da análise de conteúdo, e as categorias finais foram tensionadas com estudos das ciências sociais e da saúde coletiva. De forma geral, as narrativas se diferenciaram daquelas que compõem a maioria das pesquisas sobre o tema no Brasil, sobretudo em relação à manutenção de vínculos familiares e ao acesso à universidade pública. Nesse sentido, formulamos a hipótese de que a interação desses elementos com outros marcadores de diferenças pode contribuir positivamente para o estabelecimento de alianças e estratégias, a fim de lidar com o regime de inteligibilidade das identidades de gênero e com as dificuldades de acesso à educação, ao trabalho e à saúde. Compreender essa dinâmica e suas limitações, em uma perspectiva em que o individual se enlaça ao coletivo, possibilitou evidenciar o funcionamento da (hétero)normatividade nos processos de segregação de pessoas trans, assim como refletir sobre ações políticas que possam transformar essa realidade social efetivamente.

Abstract Transgender people are exposed to different situations of vulnerability that intersect, having negative impacts on the health-illness-care process. To better understand this issue, we sought to know the experiences of seven transgender undergraduates at a public university in Minas Gerais, from semi-structured interviews. The narratives were analyzed on the perspective of content analysis, and the final categories juxtaposed with studies of social sciences and public health. In general, the narratives are different from those which account for most of the research on the theme in Brazil, especially regarding maintaining family bonds and the access to public universities. Hence, we formulated the hypothesis that the interaction between these elements and other markers of differences can positively contribute to establishing alliances and strategies to deal with the regime of gender identity intelligibility and the constraints of access to education, work, and health. Understanding these dynamics and their limitations, under the perspective in which the individual and the collective are intertwined, enabled us to highlight the role of (hetero)normativity in the segregation processes of transgender people, as well as reflecting on the political actions that might effectively transform this social reality.

Em Outra Voz: práticas e tecnologias biomédicas de generificação / In Another Voice: biomedical practices and technologies of genderfication / En Otra Voz: prácticas y tecnologias biomédicas de generificación

Resumo Neste artigo, buscamos refletir sobre a produção da voz de pessoas transexuais e travestis por práticas e tecnologias biomédicas de generificação. Durante dois anos, realizamos pesquisa etnográfica, por meio de observação participante, entrevistas e acompanhamento cotidiano no Ambulatório Trans da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Timbres de voz evocam corpos que tendem a ser imaginados por quem os ouve como masculinos ou femininos. Uma pessoa que não vocaliza de forma a confirmar essa linearidade pode ter o gênero colocado sob dúvida. As pessoas que cruzam essa linearidade buscam atuar sobre a voz, estabelecendo, para tal, complexas negociações com profissionais de saúde e serviços de saúde. A nova voz surge dessas negociações, nos encontros entre hormônios e práticas de fonoaudiologia.

Abstract In this article, we seek to reflect on the voice production of trans persons and travestis through biomedical practices and technologies of genderfication. For two years, we conducted ethnographic research, engaging in participant observation, interviews, and daily follow-up at the Trans Outpatient Service of the Federal University of São Paulo. Voice timbres evoke bodies that tend to be perceived as male or female by those who hear them. A person who does not vocalize in a manner that confirms this linearity may have their gender questioned. Individuals who cross this linearity seek to enact their voice, establishing complex negotiations with health professionals and health services. The new voice emerges from these negotiations, in encounters between hormones and speech therapy practices.

Resumen En este artículo buscamos reflexionar sobre la producción de la voz de personas transexuales y travestis a través de prácticas y tecnologías biomédicas de generificación. Durante dos años, realizamos una investigación etnográfica, a través de observación participante, entrevistas y seguimiento diario en el Ambulatorio Trans de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo. Los timbres de voz evocan cuerpos que tienden a ser imaginados por quienes los escuchan como masculinos o femeninos. Una persona que no vocalice de una manera que confirme esta linealidad puede tener el género puesto en duda. Las personas que cruzan esta linealidad buscan actuar sobre la voz, estableciendo negociaciones complejas con los profesionales de la salud y los servicios de salud. La nueva voz emerge de estas negociaciones, en los encuentros entre las hormonas y las prácticas de la fonoaudiología.

The Importance of Skin Health Promotion for Children: Care with Makeup Use and Skin Cancer Prevention.

BACKGROUND: Numerous pathogenic complications affect the skin and are preventable, such as skin cancer, microbial diseases, dermal irritations, and anaphylaxis. In this context, the correct use of skin products, including sunscreens and child makeup, is important for promoting skin health and preventing adverse health conditions. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use educational and playful activities to promote skin health for students. METHODS: This project was development in a municipal elementary school (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). The interventions were divided into three moments. In the first day, a questionnaire was applied to find out the students' previous knowledge about photoprotection. On the second day, an intervention lecture was held addressing issues related to photoprotection and the use of makeup. Finally, we played educational and ludic games and after, the questionnaire was reapplied. This was done to evaluate these actions' effectiveness regarding photoprotection and record their habits by applying a structured questionnaire at the beginning and end of the activities. RESULTS: Students received positively and interacted significantly during all activities performed. Regarding the impact of this study, we observed that ten times more students considered using sunscreen as something important at the end of the project, as only 8.16% of participants knew what skin cancer was at the beginning of the experiment. After the educational activities, this number rose to 72.37%, and 92.86% of girls reported wearing makeup, with more than half being expired or unlabeled and only 21.6% being appropriate for child use. CONCLUSION: The measures demonstrated effectively improve students' level of information regarding skin cancer prevention and indicated that inappropriate habits concerning makeup use in childhood are quite common, demonstrating the importance of educational interventions for children, since can improve your health.

Desafios da saúde da população LGBTI+ no Brasil: uma análise do cenário por triangulação de métodos / Health challenges in the LGBTI+ population in Brazil: a scenario analysis through the triangulation of methods

Resumo Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os desafios da saúde de pessoas lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais, intersexuais e outras minorias sexuais e de gênero (LGBTI+) no cenário brasileiro atual. Baseado no método de triangulação, incluiu análise de políticas, pesquisa qualitativa sobre percepções de atores-chave do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) - pessoas usuárias LGBTI+, profissionais e gestores(as) - a partir de dois projetos desenvolvidos no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, analisados por equipe interdisciplinar de pesquisadores(as). Foram elencados os principais problemas enfrentados pela população LGBTI+, sinalizando alguns dos avanços necessários. Alguns desses desafios incluem: o acesso de LGBTI+ ao SUS; a necessidade de capacitação de profissionais; a interiorização e descentralização de serviços sensíveis à LGBTI+; as distintas formas de violências e discriminação; lacunas de pesquisas em saúde de segmentos específicos, como de lésbicas, bissexuais, intersexos e outras minorias sexuais. Os resultados corroboram a urgência da implementação plena da "Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de LGBT". O reconhecimento das demandas dessa população contribui para alcançar os princípios que norteiam o SUS.

Abstract This article aims to reflect on the current health challenges of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenders, intersex, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTI+) within the Brazilian scenario. This study adopted a triangulation approach, based on two studies developed in the Southeast and South of Brazil, which included policy analysis and qualitative research on the perceptions of key actors from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) - LGBTI+ users, workers, and managers. All data were analyzed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers. The main problems faced by the LGBTI+ population were registered, indicating some of the necessary progress. Some of these challenges include: access of the LGBTI+ population to SUS; the need to train health professionals; the decentralization of health services sensitive to the LGBTI+ population; the distinct forms of violence and discrimination; the lack of research in health care conducted with specific groups, such as lesbians, bisexuals, intersex, and other sexual minorities. The results reinforce the urgency for the complete implementation of the "National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of LGBT". The recognition of the LGBTI+ health needs will aid in achieving the principles which are the guiding principles of SUS.

Health challenges in the LGBTI+ population in Brazil: a scenario analysis through the triangulation of methods. / Desafios da saúde da população LGBTI+ no Brasil: uma análise do cenário por triangulação de métodos.

This article aims to reflect on the current health challenges of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenders, intersex, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTI+) within the Brazilian scenario. This study adopted a triangulation approach, based on two studies developed in the Southeast and South of Brazil, which included policy analysis and qualitative research on the perceptions of key actors from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) - LGBTI+ users, workers, and managers. All data were analyzed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers. The main problems faced by the LGBTI+ population were registered, indicating some of the necessary progress. Some of these challenges include: access of the LGBTI+ population to SUS; the need to train health professionals; the decentralization of health services sensitive to the LGBTI+ population; the distinct forms of violence and discrimination; the lack of research in health care conducted with specific groups, such as lesbians, bisexuals, intersex, and other sexual minorities. The results reinforce the urgency for the complete implementation of the "National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of LGBT". The recognition of the LGBTI+ health needs will aid in achieving the principles which are the guiding principles of SUS.

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os desafios da saúde de pessoas lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais, intersexuais e outras minorias sexuais e de gênero (LGBTI+) no cenário brasileiro atual. Baseado no método de triangulação, incluiu análise de políticas, pesquisa qualitativa sobre percepções de atores-chave do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) - pessoas usuárias LGBTI+, profissionais e gestores(as) - a partir de dois projetos desenvolvidos no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, analisados por equipe interdisciplinar de pesquisadores(as). Foram elencados os principais problemas enfrentados pela população LGBTI+, sinalizando alguns dos avanços necessários. Alguns desses desafios incluem: o acesso de LGBTI+ ao SUS; a necessidade de capacitação de profissionais; a interiorização e descentralização de serviços sensíveis à LGBTI+; as distintas formas de violências e discriminação; lacunas de pesquisas em saúde de segmentos específicos, como de lésbicas, bissexuais, intersexos e outras minorias sexuais. Os resultados corroboram a urgência da implementação plena da "Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de LGBT". O reconhecimento das demandas dessa população contribui para alcançar os princípios que norteiam o SUS.

Interdisciplinary Educational Interventions Improve Knowledge of Eating, Nutrition, and Physical Activity of Elementary Students.

This research aimed to evaluate the interdisciplinary educational intervention effects on knowledge of eating, nutrition, and physical activity in elementary-school students. Participants were 368 school children enrolled in public schools. The research was organized in three stages: pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention. In pre-intervention, children were evaluated regarding their nutritional status. They also answered questionnaires related to eating and nutrition and physical activity. In the intervention stage, educational interventions were carried out on the same topics for a period of five months; in post-intervention, children answered the same questionnaires applied in pre-intervention. Despite most children having normal nutritional status (58.2%), a high number of students were overweight (38%). In the initial phase, it was found that most children had excellent knowledge of eating, nutrition, and good physical activity knowledge (p-value < 0.05). Educational health intervention significantly increased children's knowledge of eating, nutrition, and physical activity, when evaluated in the post-intervention period. Both boys and girls increased their knowledge of eating, nutrition, and physical activity after the application of interdisciplinary interventions (p-value < 0.05). A similar effect was observed for children with different nutritional status. It is concluded that interdisciplinary educational interventions carried out for children in an elementary-school environment are effective for improving knowledge of eating, nutrition, and in physical activity, promoting healthier habits among children.

Eggplant Flour Addition in Cookie: Nutritional Enrichment Alternative for Children.

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of eggplant flour in cookie on the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics and to verify the sensory acceptability among children. Four eggplant flour cookie formulations were prepared: EF0 (or standard), EF2.5, EF5.0, and EF7.5 (Eggplant Flour 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5%, respectively). The sensory acceptability, physicochemical and nutritional composition were evaluated. The eggplant flour addition of 7.5% to cookie reduced the acceptability (p > 0.05). The samples EF5.0 and EF7.5 showed higher diameter, expansion and thermal factor, while the EF0 and EF2.5 had higher thickness (p < 0.05). The flour addition significantly increased the hardness, Water activity (Aw), Titratable Acidity (TA) and Soluble Solids (SS) in the cookie, however, L* a* and b*, pH and SS/TA ratio values were reduced (p < 0.05). Increased levels of ash, dietary fibers, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were verified on the cookie after eggplant flour addition. Meanwhile, there was a reduction in energy and carbohydrate values. It is concluded that eggplant flour addition up to 5% in cookie maintains the sensory acceptability similar to the standard product when evaluated by children. In addition, it can be considered a viable alternative to improve most of the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of the product.

Factors associated with hospitalizations for Covid-19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Reumacov Brazil registry.

BACKGROUND: Patients using immunosuppressive drugs may have unfavorable results after infections. However, there is a lack of information regarding COVID-19 in these patients, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalizations in patients with RA. METHODS: This multicenter, prospective cohort study is within the ReumaCoV Brazil registry and included 489 patients with RA. In this context, 269 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were compared to 220 patients who tested negative for COVID-19 (control group). All patient data were collected from the Research Electronic Data Capture database. RESULTS: The participants were predominantly female (90.6%) with a mean age of 53 ± 12 years. Of the patients with COVID-19, 54 (20.1%) required hospitalization. After multiple adjustments, the final regression model showed that heart disease (OR = 4.61, 95% CI 1.06-20.02. P < 0.001) and current use of glucocorticoids (OR = 20.66, 95% CI 3.09-138. P < 0.002) were the risk factors associated with hospitalization. In addition, anosmia was associated with a lower chance of hospitalization (OR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.10-0.67, P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that heart disease and the use of glucocorticoids were associated with a higher number of hospital admissions for COVID-19 in patients with RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - RBR-33YTQC.

Entrecruzamento de desigualdades: gênero e maternidade na carreira de médicas de família e comunidade / Intercrossing inequalities: gender and maternity in the career of family and community physicians

O estudo da crescente feminização da área da Medicina de Família e Comunidade coloca na agenda de estudiosos a preocupação com os fatores e impactos dessa tendência nas trajetórias das carreiras das médicas, principalmente daquelas que estão exercendo suasatividades em áreas periféricas. O objetivo do estudo do qual resulta este artigo foi compreender como as médicas justificam suas escolhas e permanências no exercício da Medicina de Família e Comunidade, mesmo em contextos considerados potencialmente violentos. Realizamos uma investigação de caráter qualitativo, que dialogou com aspectos da cartografia, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com oito médicas de família que se fixaram em áreas de alta vulnerabilidade social em uma capital brasileira. A análise dos enunciados apontou para o gênero como o eixo marcador de diferença, destacando o empuxo exercido pela maternidade, o conceito gênero em sua dinâmica interseccional. Identificamos que a responsabilização pelo cuidado permanece impactando o processo decisório das mulheres, (re)definindo o equilíbrio entre vida pessoal/familiar e trabalho e (de)limitando as trajetórias de suas carreiras.

The growing trend of feminization of family practice raises scholars' concerns about the factors and effects of this trend on the trajectories of female medical careers, particularly those working in outlying areas. The aim of the study, from which this article results, was to understand how medical women justify their choices and permanence in the family practice career while working in contexts considered potentially violent. We carried out a qualitative study with cartographic aspects, based on interviews with eightfamily doctors who are settled in areas of high social vulnerability in a large city in Brazil. The analysis of the statements pointed to gender, in its intersectional dynamics, as the major axis of difference in the practice. Motherhood is highlighted ashaving a major impact on female professionals. Our study identified that the duty of care persists in impacting women's decision-making, (re) defining the balance between personal and family life and (de) limiting their career trajectories.

Effects of Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medications on T Helper (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, and Tfh) and Regulatory T (Treg) Cell Cytokines in Apical Periodontitis: A CONSORT RCT.

INTRODUCTION: This Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials randomized clinical trial investigated T helper (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, and Tfh) and regulatory T (Treg) cell-type cytokines and their networks in apical periodontitis (AP). We also assessed the effects of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] intracanal medications (ICMs) on helper T and Treg cell-type cytokines. METHODS: Twenty teeth with primary endodontic infection and apical periodontitis were randomly divided into two groups: Ca(OH)2 + saline solution (n = 10) and Ca (OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine-gel (n = 10). Samples were collected from the periradicular tissue fluid (PTF) before (PTFs1) and after 14 days of ICMs (PTFs2). The Human High Sensitivity T Cell Panel was used to quantify target T-helper (Th)1: interelukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ); Th2: IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13; Th9: IL-9; Th17: IL-17; T follicular helper cells (Tfh): IL-21; and Treg-cell-type cytokine: IL-10. RESULTS: Th1-type cytokines were higher than Th2-type ones, at PTFs1. Positive (+) associations were found among all Th1-type cytokines and all Th2-type cytokines. There were negative (-) correlations between all Th1- and Th2-type cytokines. Size of radiolucent lesions and symptoms (tenderness to percussion and/or pain on palpation) were positively correlated with Th1-type cytokines, IL-17, and IL-21 but negatively correlated with Th2-type cytokines and IL-10 (all, P < .001). Both ICMs increased Th2-type cytokines and IL-10 (P < .05) and decreased Th1-type cytokines, IL-17, and IL-21 (P < .05), with no differences among them (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Complex T-cell cytokine networks are involved in AP. Both Ca(OH)2 ICMs effectively increased IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 and lowered IL-2, IL-12, IL-17, IL-21, and IFN-γ.

Clinical influence of calcium hydroxide intracanal medications on matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in apical periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the influence of calcium hydroxide intracanal medications on the levels of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in apical periodontitis (AP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty primarily infected root canals with AP were randomly divided into two groups: Ca(OH)2 + sterile saline solution (SSL) group and Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX gel) group. We collected samples from the periradicular tissue fluid (PTF) before (s1) and after 14 days of intracanal medication (s2). MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were measured by ELISA assay. RESULTS: MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were detected in all PTF samples at s1 and s2 (20/20). At s1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected at higher levels than MMP-1 (p < .05). Higher levels of TIMP-1 than TIMP-2 were found in AP (p < .05). Additionally, we detected higher MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 over TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in AP (p < .05). At s2, Ca(OH)2 + SSL was as effective as Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel in lowering the levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 after 14 days of intracanal medication, with no significant difference between them (p > .05). Both Ca(OH) 2 intracanal medications had no significant impact on the levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 (both p > .05). At s2, TIMP-1 levels were higher than TIMP-2 (p < .05). Moreover, there were positive correlations between the levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 and MMP-1 and TIMP-2 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Calcium hydroxide medications effectively lowered the levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in periapical tissues after 14 days of treatment, with no difference between them. Moreover, the calcium hydroxide intracanal medications tested here had no impact in TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in periapical tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: MMPs and TIMPs play an essential role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The imbalance MMPs and TIMPs can cause periapical tissue destruction. Therefore, the reestablishment of the balance between activated MMPs and TIMPs with root canal therapy is essential to restore tissue homeostasis.

Factors associated with hospitalizations for Covid-19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Reumacov Brazil registry

Abstract Background: Patients using immunosuppressive drugs may have unfavorable results after infections. However, there is a lack of information regarding COVID 19 in these patients, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with COVID 19 hospitalizations in patients with RA. Methods: This multicenter, prospective cohort study is within the ReumaCoV Brazil registry and included 489 patients with RA. In this context, 269 patients who tested positive for COVID 19 were compared to 220 patients who tested negative for COVID 19 (control group). All patient data were collected from the Research Electronic Data Capture database. Results: The participants were predominantly female (90.6%) with a mean age of 53 ±12 years. Of the patients with COVID 19, 54 (20.1%) required hospitalization. After multiple adjustments, the final regression model showed that heart disease (OR =4.61, 95% CI 1.06-20.02. P < 0.001) and current use of glucocorticoids (OR =20.66, 95% CI 3.09-138. P < 0.002) were the risk factors associated with hospitalization. In addition, anosmia was associated with a lower chance of hospitalization (OR =0.26; 95% CI 0.10-0.67, P < 0.005). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that heart disease and the use of glucocorticoids were associated with a higher number of hospital admissions for COVID 19 in patients with RA. Trial registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR 33YTQC.

Para todas as Anas: modos de contar sobre a profanação do Eu / To all Anas: ways of talking about the profanation of the Self / Para todas las Anas: modos de contar sobre la profanación del Yo

Trata-se de uma estratégia de ensino construída e utilizada como disparador para a temática sobre Instituições Totais e o hospital psiquiátrico como dispositivo de segregação e degradação da identidade dos internos. Por meio do registro etnográfico e das transformações políticas e paradigmáticas de cuidado em Saúde Mental, foi conformada uma crônica que destaca os principais conceitos do Interacionismo Simbólico de Erving Goffman. O texto convida os leitores a percorrer as várias camadas que acionam as engrenagens da instituição e produzem a carreira moral do doente mental e dos trabalhadores que ali atuam. Processos em que a mortificação e a profanação do Eu são recobertos por um saber oficial que controla, pune e reage diante de qualquer ameaça de desestabilização do aparato manicomial. (AU)

This article discusses a teaching strategy developed as a trigger for the theme of total institutions and psychiatric hospitals as devices for segregating and degrading the identity of inpatients. Based on an ethnographic record and political and paradigmatic shifts in mental health care, we created a chronicle highlighting the main concepts of Erving Goffman's symbolic interactionism. This text invites readers to traverse the various layers that drive the institution's cogs and wheels and produce the moral career of the mentally ill and staff who work there. Processes in which the mortification and profanation of the Self are shrouded by an official knowledge that controls, punishes and reacts to anything that threatens the asylum apparatus with destabilization. (AU)

Se trata de una estrategia de enseñanza construida y utilizada como gatillo para la temática sobre Instituciones Totales y el hospital psiquiátrico como dispositivo de segregación y degradación de la identidad de los internos. A partir del registro etnográfico y de las transformaciones políticas y paradigmáticas de cuidado en salud mental, se formó una crónica que destaca los principales conceptos del Interaccionismo Simbólico de Erving Goffman. El texto invita a los lectores a recorrer las diversas capas que ponen en acción los engranajes de la institución y producen la carrera moral del enfermo mental y de los trabajadores que allí actúan. Procesos en que la mortificación y profanación del Yo están recubiertos por un saber oficial que controla, castiga y reacciona ante cualquier amenaza de desestabilización del aparato de manicomios. (AU)

Negociações (im)possíveis: a preceptoria e os desafios na relação entre ensino e serviço / (Im)possible negotiations: preceptorship and challenges in the teaching-service relationship

Resumo: Introdução: O curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) foi criado em 1954. Em 2011, ocorreu a inclusão dos estágios supervisionados em medicina geral e comunitária I e II no internato, que inseriu os estudantes na rede de serviços da atenção básica do município, processo marcado por conflitos e limitações. Visando solucionar os impasses criados, a UFTM contratou, por meio de concurso público, preceptores de medicina de família e comunidade para atuar na rede municipal. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o arranjo institucional proposto para otimizar a relação ensino-serviço nos estágios supervisionados da área de medicina de família e comunidade, a partir da percepção de docentes e preceptores do Departamento de Saúde Coletiva que atuam na atenção primária. Método: Trata-se de estudo de caso apoiado em pesquisa documental e entrevistas realizadas com três docentes e três preceptores do curso de Medicina de uma instituição pública. Resultado: A análise temática revelou três núcleos que foram agrupados nas categorias "contexto difícil", "desencontro de expectativas" e "fios soltos". O "contexto difícil" exigia a negociação e o deslocamento de poder entre as instituições e seus agentes. A (con)fusão entre os papéis de docente e preceptor produziu "desencontro de expectativas". Em "fios soltos", a lacuna entre a universidade e a rede municipal parece intransponível e reiterada a partir do concurso. Conclusão: A realização do concurso e a contratação de preceptores não foram suficientes para superar os desafios da articulação entre a universidade e a rede municipal de saúde. A pesquisa demonstra que não existe caminho simples para a integração ensino-serviço e que a interdependência dos atores aponta para o desafio e a necessidade da construção de agendas e espaços de decisão coletivos.

Abstract: Introduction: The Medical course at the Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) was created in 1954. In 2011, the Supervised Internships in General and Community Medicine I and II were included in the clerkship program, which immersed students in the local Primary Care network - a process marked by conflicts and limitations. Aiming to solve the impasses created, UFTM hired, through a public tender, Family and Community Medicine preceptors to work in the municipal network. Objective: To analyze the institutional arrangement proposed to optimize the teaching-service relationship in supervised clerkships in the area of Family and Community Medicine, from the perception of teachers and preceptors of the Department of Public Health who work in Primary Care. Method: Case study supported by documentary research and interviews with three professors and three preceptors from the medical school of a public institution. Result: Thematic content analysis revealed three core aspects that were grouped into the categories: "Difficult setting"; "Mismatch of expectations"; and "Loose threads". The "Difficult setting" demanded negotiation and a power shift between institutions and their agents. The (con)fusion between the roles of teacher and preceptor produced "Mismatches of expectations". In "Loose Threads," the gap between the university and the municipal network seems insurmountable and reiterated was after the public tender. Conclusion: The public tender process and hiring of preceptors proved insufficient to overcome the challenges of connectivity between the university and the municipal health network. The research shows that there is no simple way to integrate teaching-service and that the interdependence of the actors points to the challenge and the need to build agendas and collective decision spaces.

Fluxo do esgotamento: interrogando o processo de produção do tempo/cansaço no internato médico / Exhaustion flow: investigating the process of producing time/tiredness in medical internship

Resumo: Introdução: A síndrome de burnout causa repercussão com impactos individuais, sociais e econômicos. A tríade que representa a síndrome acomete milhões de trabalhadores pelo mundo, incluindo os trabalhadores da área da saúde e, entre eles, os médicos. Pesquisas apontam um incremento das taxas de burnout entre médicos e residentes, mas pouco se fala sobre a síndrome em estudantes de Medicina. Objetivo: Ao observarmos o adoecimento constante de estudantes, identificamos a necessidade de compreender mecanismos que possam ser considerados disparadores. Assim, investigamos a percepção dos estudantes de Medicina que cursam o estágio supervisionado sobre a síndrome de burnout e a autoidentificação dos sintomas. Método: Realizamos pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso utilizando grupo focal como ferramenta metodológica. Participaram desta pesquisa 22 internos divididos em três grupos focais. As falas foram analisadas segundo a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Dessas análises e de suas inferências, delinearam-se quatro categorias: "(Con)fusão de papéis: o processo de deixar de ser estudante"; "Uma síndrome (in)visível: a banalização do sofrimento"; "Tornar-se médico: forjado no sofrimento"; "(Des)identificação: efeitos de um processo nada fácil". Conclusão: Os estudantes desconheciam a síndrome e não foram capazes de reconhecer os sintomas dela durante a formação. O achado significativo apontou para a sobrecarga relacionada à falta de tempo e como esta gera um processo de sofrimento nos estudantes. Acredita-se, portanto, que o processo de ensino precisa ser repensado para que os estudantes possam, de fato, aprender e apreender todos os significados que a universidade tem potencialmente a lhes oferecer.

Abstract: Introduction: Burnout syndrome has individual, social and economic impacts. The triad that represents the syndrome affects millions of workers around the world, including healthcare workers and, among them, doctors. Research points to an increase in burnout rates among doctors and residents, but little is said about the syndrome in medical students. Objective: By observing students constantly falling ill, we identified the need to understand mechanisms that can be considered triggers. Thus, we investigated how medical interns viewed Burnout Syndrome and the self-identification of symptoms. Method: We carried out qualitative case study research using a focus group as a methodological tool. Twenty-two medical students participated in this study, divided into 3 focus groups. The statements were submitted to Content Analysis. Results: From these analyses and their inferences, four categories were outlined: '(Con)fusion of roles: the process of ceasing to be a student'; 'A (in)visible syndrome: the trivialization of suffering'; 'Becoming a doctor: forged in suffering'; '(Mis)identification: effects of a far from easy process'. Conclusion: Students were unaware of the syndrome and were unable to recognize its symptoms during training. The significant finding pointed to the burden related to lack of time and how it generates a process of suffering in students. Thus, it is believed that the teaching process needs to be rethought so that students can, in fact, learn and grasp all the meanings that the University potentially has to offer.

Gravando: desafios para (re)contar narrativas do(no) movimento social de travestis brasileiras / Recording: challenges to (re)tell narratives of(in) the social movement of Brazilian transvestites

A produção de um documentário como estratégia de pesquisa no campo das ciências humanas ainda gera debate significativo. Buscando contribuir para esse debate, o objetivo deste artigo é apontar alguns desafios metodológicos que marcaram o processo de pesquisar/registrar/narrar um filme documentário sobre a trajetória de vida de Keila Simpson e seus entrelaçamentos com(na) história do movimento de travestis no Brasil. Assim, por meio de uma análise teórica, inicialmente, discutimos as disputas sobre o real e o verdadeiro que se (re)produzem na interação com as imagens. A partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica, então, refletimos sobre nosso percurso de realização do documentário, nas etapas de exploração e produção de esboços, apresentando possibilidades e limites de fazer/pensar/negociar um filme etnográfico sendo pesquisador/cineasta em interação com a interlocutora/narradora. Entendemos que o filme permitirá entender aspectos sensíveis da protagonista e suas relações de sociabilidade e, de forma indireta, compreender o sensível não diretamente abordado pelas imagens.(AU)

The documentary as a research strategy in the field of human sciences still generates significant debate. Aiming to contribute to this debate, the objective of this article is to point out some methodological challenges that marked the process of researching/ recording/narrating a documentary film about the life trajectory of Keila Simpson and its interweavings with(in) the history of the transvestite movement in Brazil. Thus, through a theoretical analysis, we initially discuss the disputes over the real and the truth that (re)produce in the interaction with the images. From an ethnographic perspective, then, we reflect on our journey of making a documentary, in the stages of exploration and production of sketches, presenting possibilities and limits to make/think/negotiate an ethnographic film being a researcher/filmmaker in interaction with the interlocutor/narrator. We understand that the film will allow us to understand sensitive aspects of the protagonist and her sociability and, indirectly, to understand the sensitive not directly addressed by the images.(AU)

Curcumin-loaded poly(ϵ-caprolactone) lipid-core nanocapsules: Evaluation of fetal and maternal toxicity.

This study was designed to examine fetal and maternal toxicity of curcumin (CURC) loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) prepared with poly(ϵ-caprolactone) as a polymer, administered during the organogenesis period. Free CURC and CURC loaded-LNC (C-LNC) (2 mg/kg), blank LNC (B-LNC) and saline (CONTROL) were administered per oral route from the 7° to 13° gestational day (GD). Dams were evaluated daily for body weight gain, clinical signs, water and food intake. On 20° GD, dams were euthanized, organs were weighed and blood was collected for biochemical determinations. Fetal biometrics and external morphological anomalies were assessed. Also, were performed histopathological analysis of placenta and measurement of cytokines levels in placental and fetal liver tissues. All groups did not cause changes in dams during the pregnancy. Furthermore, treatments did not cause external morphological changes and delayed fetal development. Still, for histopathological analysis of placental tissue, treatments did not cause alterations in evaluated parameters. For cytokines levels, CURC and C-LNC caused a decrease in placental levels of TNF-α. Therefore, we have demonstrated that C-LNC did not cause toxicological effects (mother and fetus), in the same manner as pattern bioactive compound, proving to be a promising nutraceutical delivery system for maternal supplementation with CURC.

Curcumin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules attenuates the immune challenge LPS-induced in rats: Neuroinflammatory and behavioral response in sickness behavior.

The purpose of current study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CUR) loaded lipid-core nanocapsules (CUR-LNC) treatment on neuroinflammatory and behavioral alterations in a model of sickness behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Rats were treated with CUR-LNC and CUR daily for 14 days. After the last treatments, sickness behavior was induced with LPS. Sickness behavior LPS-induced was confirmed by behavioral tests, an increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines, decrease in levels of IL-10, overexpression of IDO-1 and IDO-2. In conclusion, CUR-LNC treatment attenuated the neuroinflammatory and behavioral changes caused in sickness behavior model.

Addition of Orange Peel in Orange Jam: Evaluation of Sensory, Physicochemical, and Nutritional Characteristics.

Orange is highly nutritious and a source of phytochemical compounds. However, its by-products are usually discarded. In this study, we evaluated the effect of orange peel (OP) addition in orange jam on sensory, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics. Four jam formulations were elaborated with different OP levels: OP0 (standard), OP4, OP8, and OP12 (Orange Peel 0, 4, 8 and 12%, respectively). All samples were evaluated for sensory acceptability, and physicochemical and nutritional composition. The addition of 12% orange peel in jam reduced (p < 0.05) the acceptability for all evaluated attributes, as well as overall acceptance and purchase intention. However, OP utilization increased (p < 0.05) the levels of water activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and sugars. Soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, luminosity (L*), and yellow content (b*) decreased in all added OP jams, while red content (a*) increased. No change in the pH and moisture values of the product were observed after OP addition. Ash, protein, lipid, dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity values increased after OP addition, while carbohydrate and energy content decreased. A texture test showed that adhesiveness decreased, while gumminess, chewiness, and elasticity increased after OP addition. We concluded that the addition of up to 8% orange peel in jam maintains sensory acceptability similar to that of the standard product. OP addition is a viable alternative to improve some of the product's physicochemical and nutritional characteristics.