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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) on different stages of osteogenesis in vitro. For this, osteoblastic-like cells (Saos-2 cell lineage) were irradiated in two different periods: during the Proliferation phase (PP; from the second to the fourth day) and during the Differentiation phase (DP; from the seventh to the ninth day). The energy density used in the study was 1.5 J/ cm2. The following parameters were evaluated: 1) quantification of collagen type 1 (COL 1), osteopontin (OPN), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2); 2) quantification of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; and 3) quantification of extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. Non-irradiated cultures were used as controls. The data were analyzed using the Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA, considering a significance level of 5%. The results indicated that COL 1 and BMP-2 quantification was higher in Saos-2 irradiated during the DP in relation to the control group at day 10 (p < 0.05). No differences were observed for other comparisons at this time point (p > 0.05). OPN expression was greater in PP compared with the other experimental groups at day 10 (p < 0.05). Irradiation did not affect ALP activity in Saos-2 regardless of the exposure phase and the time point evaluated (p > 0.05). At day 14, ECM mineralization was higher in Saos-2 cultures irradiated during the DP in relation to the PP (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results suggested that the effects of PBM on osteoblastic cells may be influenced by the stage of cell differentiation.
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Fosfatasa Alcalina , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2 , Diferenciación Celular , Proliferación Celular , Colágeno Tipo I , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Osteoblastos , Osteogénesis , Osteopontina , Osteogénesis/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2/metabolismo , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/efectos de la radiación , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Objectives: To assess the impact of different concentrations TiO2-nt incorporated into a glass ionomer cement on the proliferation, mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production of cultured fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), whether or not stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS-2 µg/mL, 24 h). Methods: TiO2-nt was added to KM (Ketac Molar EasyMix™, 3 %, 5 %, 7 % in weight); unblended KM was used as the control. The analyses included: Cell proliferation assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Mitochondrial metabolism assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Confocal laser microscopy (n = 3; 24/48/72h); Determination of biomarkers (IL-1ß/IL-6/IL-10/VEGF/TNF) by using both multiplex technology (n = 6; 12/18 h) and the quantitative real-time PCR assay (q-PCR) (n = 3, 24/72/120 h). The data underwent analysis using both the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, and by generalized linear models (α = 0.05). Results: It demonstrated that cell proliferation increased over time, regardless of the presence of TiO2-nt or LPS, and displayed a significant increase at 72 h; mitochondrial metabolism increased (p < 0.05), irrespective of exposure to LPS (p = 0.937); no cell morphology changes were observed; TiO2-nt reverted the impact of KM on the secreted levels of the evaluated proteins and the gene expressions in the presence of LPS (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: TiO2-nt did not adversely affect the biological behavior of fibroblastic cells cultured on GIC discs.
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Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC) is a rare pathological entity with only a few case reports in the literature. The present case reported an uncommon occurrence of CMEC mimicking an odontogenic lesion in a young patient. A 17-year-old female patient sought dental care due to a slight swelling located in the posterior region of the mandible on the left side. Radiographic exams revealed an osteolytic lesion with defined limits in relation to proximity to the pericoronal follicle of tooth #38. The clinical and radiographic diagnostic hypothesis was an odontogenic lesion. Histological sections showed the presence of a neoplasm of glandular origin, not encapsulated, with a predominantly cystic growth pattern. The neoplasm consisted of mucous, intermediate, and squamous cells. In the immunohistochemical staining, the neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin 7. Mucous cells were positive for PAS with diastase digestion. The final diagnosis consisted of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The tumor was removed surgically, and the patient has shown no signs of relapse nor recurrence. In conclusion, CMEC may mimic radiographic features of various pathologies, but despite its rarity, clinicians and oral radiologists should consider CMEC as a diagnostic hypothesis for jaw lesions.
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OBJECTIVE: Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is based on the use of different membranes that function as sealants and barriers in specific clinical situations. Among the several tissue production methods and origins, resorbable porcine-derived membranes are the most commonly used. Because these membranes are so diverse, and have several different clinical applications, doubts linger as to their effect in stimulating osteogenesis. The objective of this study was to make an in vitro evaluation of the viability and differentiation of osteoblastic cells cultured on the surface of the following collagen membranes: Jason® (Botiss Biomaterials), Collprotect® (Botiss Biomaterials), and Bio-Gide® (Geistlich). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fragments of the 3 resorbable collagen membranes (5 × 5 mm) were used, and pre-osteoblastic SAOS-2 cells (ATCC, USA) were plated on their porous surfaces. Evaluation of the membranes was performed at 3, 5 and 7 days, considering the following parameters: (1) topographic analysis of the different surfaces by scanning electron microscope; (2) cellular viability by MTT, (3) quantification of type I collagen and osteopontin by Elisa. The quantitative analyses were carried out using a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Collprotect® and Jason® membranes presented a rough surface with an irregular aspect on both sides, while double-layered Bio-Gide® had one layer with a smooth surface and the other with a rough surface along each respective length. The viability assays revealed that the cells cultured the cells grown on Collprotect® showed higher viability than those grown in Bio-Gide® or Jason®, especially after 5 and 7 days. After 3 and 5 days, evaluation of type I collagen showed that the cells plated on the Jason® and Collprotect® surfaces had greater collagen secretion than those plated on BioGide®. After 7 days, an increase in osteopontin levels was observed when the cells were plated on all the experimental membranes, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: All the tested membranes were suitable for use in GTR clinical procedures. Their indication in specific regenerative cases depends on the mechanical and biological properties of their originating tissues, thus enabling better results and assertive choices by dental professionals.
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Colágeno Tipo I , Osteogénesis , Humanos , Porcinos , Animales , Osteopontina , Membranas Artificiales , Colágeno , Materiales Biocompatibles , Regeneración Tisular Guiada Periodontal/métodosRESUMEN
This study evaluated the influence of different implant diameters, insertion torques, and transmucosal heights on the loosening of abutments installed on short implants, after mechanical cycling. The Morse taper connection implants (n = 96) tested were 5 mm high, divided according to the platform diameter: 4 or 6 mm. A universal abutment was coupled to each implant (with different transmucosal heights: 1 or 5 mm). The sets were subdivided into 20- and 32-Ncm torque. After the cycle fatigue test, the detorque values were measured with a digital torque indicator. After mechanical cycling, the mean detorque values obtained for the abutment with 20-Ncm insertion torque were lower than for implants with 32-Ncm insertion torque, regardless of the platform diameter or transmucosal height. In the 20-Ncm torque group, there was no statistically significant difference in the detorque values between platform diameters or transmucosal heights. Otherwise, for 32-Ncm sets, a smaller platform diameter (4 mm), and a longer transmucosal height (5 mm) showed the lowest detorque values. In conclusion, implants placed with 32-Ncm insertion torque and abutments with 1 mm transmucosal height and a 6 mm implant diameter demonstrated the highest detorque values.
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Diseño de Implante Dental-Pilar , Implantes Dentales , Torque , Pilares Dentales , Ensayo de Materiales , Estrés Mecánico , Tornillos Óseos , Análisis del Estrés DentalRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on cell migration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col-1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), and Osterix (OSX) gene expression in a cementoblast culture (OCCM-30), in a microenvironment mimicking an injury on the cementoblast layer, such as it occurs during root resorption. For this, OCCM-30 cells were cultured in 6-well plates and the following parameters were assayed: (1) migration by scratch assay and ALP, Col-1, Runx2, and Osx by real-time PCR. PBM was performed in two protocols using a LED device emitting light at 660 nm (± 30 nm). OCCM-30 cementoblasts were grown and divided into four groups: (1) negative control; (2) positive control (scratch); (3) scratch + PBM with a total energy of 36 J and energy density 1.6 J/cm2; and (4) scratch + PBM with a total energy of 72 J and energy density of 3.2 J/cm2. Data were statistically analyzed, with the level of significance set at 5%. Cementoblasts migrated from the edge of the scratch toward the center, and the wound closed after 24 h, with the PBM3.2J/cm2 group showing the higher cell migration compared with the other groups at 2 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 13 h (p < 0.05). The control and PBM1.6J/cm2 groups showed similar levels of cell migration, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). PBM3.2J/cm2 group exhibited greater ALP, Col-1, OSX, and RUNX2 in comparison with the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Similar levels of all genes evaluated were observed between the PBM1.6J/cm2 group and the positive control group (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings support the effectiveness of photobiomodulation on cementoblast migration and gene expression, which may contribute to the formation of a new cementum layer.
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Fosfatasa Alcalina , Cemento Dental , Fosfatasa Alcalina/genética , Movimiento Celular/genética , Colorantes , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Cemento Dental/citología , Expresión Génica , Animales , RatonesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the differentiation of ameloblastic-like cells and the nature of the secreted eosinophilic materials in adenomatoid odontogenic tumors. METHODS: We studied histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 20 cases using: cytokeratins 14 and 19, amelogenin, collagen I, laminin, vimentin, and CD34. RESULTS: Rosette cells differentiated into ameloblastic-like cells positioned face-to-face, displaying collagen I-positive material between them. Epithelial cells of the rosettes can differentiate into ameloblastic-like cells. This phenomenon probably occurs due to an induction phenomenon between these cells. The secretion of collagen I is probably a brief event. Amelogenin-positive areas were interspersed by epithelial cells in the lace-like areas, outside the rosettes and distant from the ameloblastic-like cells. CONCLUSIONS: There are at least two types of eosinophilic material in different areas within the tumor, one in the rosette and solid areas and another in lace-like areas. The secreted eosinophilic material in the rosettes and solid areas is probably a product of well-differentiated ameloblastic-like cells. It is positive for collagen I and negative for amelogenin, whereas some eosinophilic materials in the lace-like areas are positive for amelogenin. We hypothesize that the latter eosinophilic material could be a product of odontogenic cuboidal epithelial or intermediate stratum-like epithelial cells.
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Ameloblastoma , Proteínas del Esmalte Dental , Tumores Odontogénicos , Humanos , Amelogenina , Tumores Odontogénicos/patología , Inmunohistoquímica , Ameloblastoma/patología , Células Epiteliales/patología , Colágeno , Diferenciación CelularRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a technique that involves the placement of mechanical barriers to protect the blood clot, and create an isolated space to prevent competition from epithelial and connective tissues in bone augmentation treatments. Collagen membranes stand out from other materials available for performing regenerative surgeries, and are widely used because of their ability to promote cell adhesion and homeostasis, and their biocompatibility, ease of handling, and low immunogenicity. In this context, researchers have investigated xenogenic membranes/barriers that cost less and have slower resorption rates. The current study aimed to assess the osteogenic potential induced by a crosslinked, synthesized xenogenic membrane 100 µm thick when applied in vivo to critical defects in rat calvaria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Critical size defects were created in the calvaria of thirty male Wistar rats, and randomly divided into the following two groups: G1 - clot covered with a commercial xenogenic membrane (Lumina-Coat®, Criteria, Brazil), and G2 - clot covered with a synthesized xenogenic membrane. The animals were euthanized after 7, 15 and 30 days, and samples of calvaria were processed to perform morphometric evaluations to measure bone neoformation in the defect region. In addition, ultrastructural characterization of the collagen membranes was performed by scanning electron microscope. The quantitative analyses were carried out by adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The ultrastructural characterization revealed that the synthesized membrane had thicker collagen fibers and a more cohesive surface, compared with the Lumina-Coat® collagen membrane (G1). There was no significant difference in bone neoformation between the membranes (p>0.05), at any of the time periods analyzed. The bone quantification area increased significantly over time for both membranes (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The synthesized membrane exhibited morphological characteristics similar to those of the commercial membrane evaluated, allowed potentially active participation in the bone neoformation process, and served as a low-cost alternative for GBR procedures.
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Colágeno , Osteogénesis , Ratas , Masculino , Humanos , Animales , Ratas Wistar , Colágeno/química , Colágeno/farmacología , Regeneración Ósea , Cráneo/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ozone therapy on new bone formation and inflammation modulation in defects of rat calvaria filled with autogenous bone. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Critical size defects were created in the calvaria of 24 male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment: G1: clot; G2: clot and covered with xenogenic membrane; G3: particulate autogenous bone graft; G4: autogenous bone graft and application of 3 mL O2/O3 gas mixture (10 µg/ml). The defects were filled immediately after surgery with a bilateral retroauricular application, in the region immediately above the incision. After 21 days, the animals were euthanized, and the samples were processed for morphometric evaluations designed to measure both the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, and the presence of new bone formation in the defect. RESULTS: The results showed a lower inflammation score and higher mean of newly formed bone in the region of the defect for the group associated with ozone therapy (G4). The bone formed in the region of the defect could be observed as being more lamellar and mineralized in the case of associated ozone therapy. CONCLUSION: Ozone therapy represents a promising adjuvant therapy to accelerate tissue regeneration.
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Osteogénesis , Ozono , Humanos , Ratas , Masculino , Animales , Ratas Wistar , Cráneo/cirugía , Inflamación/terapia , Ozono/farmacología , Ozono/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Tissue engineering focuses on wound healing and tissue regeneration. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a fibrin matrix containing cytokines, growth factors and cells that are gradually released into the wound over time. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRF membranes on wound repair and microbial control in infected wounds. Skin wounds were performed on the dorsum of rats using a 6 mm diameter metal punch. The defects were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 12/each) accordingly to the treatment: G1, noninfected wound filled only with clot; G2, noninfected wound with PRF; G3, infected wound (S. aureus) without PRF; G4, infected wound (S. aureus) with PRF. After 7 and 14 days, macroscopic and histological analyses of the wounds were performed. Furthermore, the quantification of ß-defensin in PRF was measured by ELISA. At 14 days, the groups with PRF (G2 and G4) had wound sizes significantly smaller than the original defects (6 mm) (p < 0.05) and significantly smaller than those not treated with PRF, in both the infected and noninfected groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the groups with infected wounds (G3 and G4) demonstrated a significantly lower inflammation score in the PRF group than in the noninfected groups (p < 0.05). In vitro analysis of ß-defensin was performed in all PRF membrane groups, and the median value was 1.444 pg/mL. PRF in the wounds of both control and infected rats played an important role in the modulation of tissue healing, most notably in infected sites.
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Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas , Traumatismos de los Tejidos Blandos , beta-Defensinas , Ratas , Animales , Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus , beta-Defensinas/metabolismo , beta-Defensinas/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas , PielRESUMEN
This study evaluated in vitro the biologic profile of manually polished surfaces of pressed lithium disilicate (LD) ceramic compared to zirconia (Zir) in human gingival fibroblasts. Samples with a 10-mm diameter and 3-mm thickness were used. After manual polishing, the average roughness (Ra) of the samples was measured. The cell proliferation and viability of gingival fibroblasts on the surfaces were assessed at 24, 48, and 96 hours. Additionally, the morphology, cell adhesion, and type III collagen (COLIII) and vimentin (VIM) expression by fibroblasts plated onto these surfaces was analyzed. Polystyrene (Pol) was used as control for all assays. The mean Ra was 0.261 ± 0.053 µm for Zir and 0.345 ± 0.130 µm for LD. Both surfaces presented similar cell proliferation and viability (P > .05). The cell morphology demonstrated that, for both surfaces, the cells were occasionally spindle-shaped, parallel to the direction of the grooves. Compared to Pol, an upregulation of COLIII and VIM gene expression was observed by fibroblasts cultured on Zir and LD at all time points (P < .05). The characteristics presented by LD and Zir surfaces after manual polishing protocol were similar and had biologically favorable performances, thus suggesting LD as a suitable alternative to Zir in the peri-implant region for esthetic purposes.
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Productos Biológicos , Porcelana Dental , Cerámica , Fibroblastos , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Propiedades de Superficie , CirconioRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Pneumatization of the maxillary sinus can make it difficult, if not impossible, to install osseointegrated implants, and undertake their eventual functional rehabilitation, which may ultimately require regenerative techniques to achieve. This randomized controlled study proposed conducting a histological evaluation of the behavior of different graft materials in wide maxillary sinuses, at a height of 8 to 10 mm from the alveolar ridge, combined with bone remnants less than 3mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients underwent a sinus elevation procedure through the lateral window. The sinuses were randomly filled with the following materials (n=12/group): group 1, xenogenic bone + autogenous bone (ratio 70:30, respectively); group 2, xenogenic bone + L-PRF; and group 3, xenogenic bone. At 8 months, bone biopsies of engrafted sites were harvested and analyzed histomorphometrically in order to quantify newly formed bone tissue. RESULTS: The results showed a greater area of newly formed bone for G1, averaging 2678.37 (1116.40) µm2, compared with G2 at 984.87 (784.27) µm2, and G3 at 480.66 (384.76) µm2 (p < 0.05). Additionally, fewer xenogenic bone particles and a large amount of connective tissue were observed in G2. CONCLUSIONS: In maxillary sinuses with large antral cavities, autogenous bone combined with xenogenic bone seems to demonstrate better graft remodeling and improve bone formation, compared with the addition of L-PRF. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: L-PRF produces few advantages regarding new bone formation in the wide maxillary sinuses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC) number RBR-2pbbrvg.
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Sustitutos de Huesos , Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas , Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar , Sustitutos de Huesos/uso terapéutico , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Implantación Dental Endoósea/métodos , Humanos , Maxilar/cirugía , Seno Maxilar/patología , Seno Maxilar/cirugía , Osteogénesis , Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar/métodosRESUMEN
This study evaluated the influence of Libidibia ferrea (Lf) extract used as dentin pretreatment on the resin-dentin bond strength stability and dentin endogenous enzymatic activity. The phytochemical profile (PP) of the Lf extract was evaluated by liquid chromatography; particle size, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential (ZP) were evaluated by dynamic light scattering. The tested groups were ER-Scotchbond Universal (SBU) in the etch-and-rinse (ER) mode; ERLf-SBU in the ER mode + Lf after etching; SE- SBU in the self-etch (SE) mode; and LfSE-Lf before SBU in the SE mode. Sticks were obtained for microtensile bond strength tests and failure mode (24 hr and 12 months). The hybrid layer was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The endogenous enzymatic activity of the underlying dentin was analyzed by in situ zymography with the same treatments. The PP showed the presence of quercetin (2.6% w/w). Lf particles were considered large after the analysis of the PdI. The ZP remained stable over time. The ER and ERLf groups had lower bond strength after 12 months, but SE and LfSE remained stable. The predominant failure mode was adhesive for both times. ER and ERLf had longer resin tags and a thicker hybrid layer. The ER and LfSE groups showed higher enzymatic activity than the ERLf and SE groups after 12 months. The Lf extract may contribute to inhibit the dentin endogenous enzymatic activity when associated with an adhesive system in the ER mode.
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Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Recubrimientos Dentinarios , Adhesivos , Resinas Compuestas , Cementos Dentales , Dentina , Ensayo de Materiales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cementos de Resina , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor that mainly occurs in body extremities, being uncommon in the head and neck region. In the present study, we described a case of primary intraosseous SS arising in the mandible of a 22-year-old young male. The patient reported a painful swelling on the left side of the mandible for the last 7 months. Imaging exams showed the presence of an expansive and multilocular radiolucent lesion, extending from the left condyle to the mandibular body. The clinic diagnostic hypotheses were ameloblastoma or malignant neoplasm. Histologically, the lesion was characterized by a proliferation of spindle cells exhibiting vesicular nuclei and evident nucleolus. Neoplastic cells were positive for AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7, vimentin, CD-99, and TLE-1 and negative for CD-34, S-100, SMA, and HHF-35. A combination of clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics supported the diagnosis of SS. The patient was referred for treatment, and preoperative exams did not reveal any other tumor foci in the body of the patient. The final diagnosis was of a primary intraosseous SS of the mandible.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on osteoblast-like cell cultures (SAOS-2). METHODS: SAOS-2 were exposed to CAPE at 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 µM, and 10 µM. Non-exposed cultures were used as control. The following parameters were assayed: 1) cell viability at 1, 3, and 7 days; 2) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 5 and 10 days; 3) matrix mineralization at 14 days; and 4) Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), ALP, osteopontin (SPP1), and osteocalcin (BGLAP) gene expression at 5 and 10 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA two-way or Kruskal-Wallis (α = 5%). RESULTS: At day 1, cell viability was similar among all groups (p > 0.05). At days 3 and 7, cultures exposed to CAPE at 10 µM exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability compared with the others groups (p < 0.05). At day 5, ALP activity was similar among all experimental groups; at day 10, however, the stain intensity was higher in cultures exposed to CAPE at 100 nM and 10 nM in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05). At days 5 and 10, RUNX2, ALP, SPP1, and BGLAP gene expression was greater in cultures exposed to CAPE in comparison with the control (p < 0.05). At day 14, matrix mineralization was similar in cultures exposed to CAPE at 1 nM and 10 nM (p > 0.05), but superior to those ones observed in the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CAPE at low concentrations can positively module the osteogenesis in vitro.
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Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacología , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Fosfatasa Alcalina/genética , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Matriz Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Matriz Ósea/metabolismo , Calcificación Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Calcificación Fisiológica/genética , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/genética , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Osteocalcina/genética , Osteocalcina/metabolismo , Osteogénesis/genética , Osteopontina/genética , Osteopontina/metabolismo , Alcohol Feniletílico/farmacologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Skin ageing is marked by structural and functional changes in epidermis and dermis, which result clinically in wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and rough-textured appearance. In this context, different dermal fillers have been used to overcome these negative effects associated with skin ageing, such as hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). Despite their low immunogenicity, these materials can cause an inflammatory reaction after application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Considering high demand of HA and PLLA as filler material, this study aimed to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo effects. For the in vitro study, human dermal fibroblast cell cultures were supplemented with HA or PLLA for 24, 48, and 72 h. The following parameters were assayed: 1) cell proliferation, 2) cell viability, and 3) quantification of type I collagen by ELISA. For the in vivo study, HA or PLLA was injected in the dermis of Wistar rats and the tissues were collected after 15, 30, and 60 days for histologic evaluation and for quantification of type I collagen by Western blotting. The quantitative data were statistically analyzed using an ANOVA two-way. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: At 72 h, high cell proliferation was observed for HA compared to control (p<0.05). Cultures exposed to PLLA exhibited a reduction in both cell proliferation and viability compared to control in all time points (p<0.05). Type I collagen expression was greater in cultures exposed to HA or PLLA compared to control (p<0.05). Histologic analysis showed the presence of multinucleated cells only in the PLLA group in all experimental time points. Western blotting analysis revealed high content of type I collagen in HA compared to PLLA (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study addresses a potentially unfavorable effect of dermal PLLA filler on the fibroblast phenotype, with possible clinical complications, unlike HA.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term effect of 0.05% or 0.1% caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on dentin matrix stability and hybrid layer stability, using an etch-and-rinse (Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose/ASB) or a self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond/CSE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentin matrix specimens were assigned to five groups: 0.05% or 0.1% CAPE, green tea (GT), and the controls distilled water (DW) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Following immersion of specimens for 1 h, modulus of elasticity (ME) and dentin mass change (MG) were determined at 3 post-treatment time points: immediately afterwards and at 3 and 6 months. Collagen solubilization (CS) was estimated by hydroxyproline (HYP) quantification. Resin-dentin interfaces with both adhesives were assessed with in situ zymography tests to evaluate gelatinolytic activity (GA). The dentin pretreatments were actively applied for 60 s. The sealing ability of aged resin-bonded slices was assessed by nanoleakage tests. RESULTS: GT increased immediate ME, which decreased significantly after 3 months (p < 0.0001). The CAPE groups did not differ from the control groups. GT provided a significant increase in dentin matrix mass after treatment (p < 0.0001). No significant differences regarding MG were observed for CAPE 0.1%, CAPE 0.05%, DW, and DMSO groups after 3 and 6 months. Cumulative HYP release revealed that CAPE groups and GT were statistically similar to DW and DMSO; the GT group exhibited statistically significantly less HYP release than did CAPE groups (p = 0.0073). Treatment with 0.05% or 0.1% CAPE presented lower GA when applied to ASB before acid conditioning (p < 0.05), but no differences were detected when the CAPE groups were applied to CSE. CAPE at 0.1% significantly reduced nanoleakage for CSE, and 0.05% CAPE with CSE presented levels of nanoleakage similar to those of the CSE control group. CONCLUSION: CAPE at 0.05% or 0.01% did not influence ME, MG, or CS, but reduced GA when applied to ASB before acid conditioning. CAPE at 0.1% with CSE promoted adhesive layer integrity.
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Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Recubrimientos Dentinarios , Ácidos Cafeicos , Cementos Dentales , Dentina , Ensayo de Materiales , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There has been great interest recently in the mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication through microvesicles (MV). These structures are produced by many different cell types and can modulate cellular activity by induction of epigenetic alterations. These vesicles may promote tumor mass increase either by stimulating cell proliferation via growth factors or by inhibiting apoptosis, which reinforces the role of such vesicles as important modulators of tumor progression. METHODS: The present in vitro study aimed to characterize MV derived from malignant neoplastic epithelial cell cultures (EP) and their effect on the expression of apoptosis/autophagy and invasion related genes of benign myoepithelial (Myo) cell cultures. RESULTS: The results revealed round structures with a mean size of 153.6 (±0.2) nm, with typical MV morphology. CD63 quantification indicated that EP cell culture at 70%-80% confluence secreted 3.088 × 108 MV/mL. Overall, Myo exposed to MVs derived from EP showed both up- and downregulation of tumorigenesis promoting genes. MVs from EP cells promoted cell death of Myo cells and positively modulate BAX, SURVIVIN, LC3B, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, an increasing of MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion by Myo was observed after MV exposure. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that MVs from EP modulate autophagy of Myo cells, which may, in part, explain the disappearance of these cells in in situ areas of invasive carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. Additionally, the overexpression of MMPs contributes to the development of an invasive phenotype of Myo cells, which could favor the dissolution of the basement membrane during tumorigenesis process.