Influence of the Dose and Frequency of Administration of Tramadol on Analgesia, Hematological, Biochemical Parameters, and Oxidative Status of Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the repeated administration of tramadol subcutaneously on postoperative analgesia, liver, kidneys, and oxidative status in the postoperative period of cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Thirty-seven cats were randomly assigned to 5 groups, according to the postoperative analgesic treatment: NaCl 0.9%, GC; tramadol at 2 mg/kg, T2B (q12h) and T2T (q8h); or 4 mg/kg, T4B (q12h) and T4T (q8h). Oxidative status was assessed at baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours after the final administration of tramadol by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and lipoperoxidation (MDA). Total blood count, serum biochemistry and urinalysis were compared between baseline and 12 hours posttramadol. Postoperative pain was evaluated by applying the Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale at baseline, 3 (T3), 6 (T6), 8 (T8), 12 (T12), 24 (T24) e 36 (T36) hours after extubation. No side effects were observed. Tramadol increased SOD activity while CAT varied among groups in all time points but not over time. MDA levels increased from baseline to 12 hours in all groups but T4T. MPO activity decreased from baseline to 24 hours in some groups, including GC. Creatinine and phosphatase alkaline decreased in T2T, T4B, and T4T at 12 hours. Higher pain scores were observed from T3 to T8, except for GC. Rescue analgesia was administered only at T3. No difference in pain scores was observed from T8 onwards. Based on the findings, it is suggested that tramadol at 2 mg/kg every 8 hours is recommended for postoperative analgesia of cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Laryngeal Paralysis Following Endotracheal Intubation in a Dog: A Case Report.

The occurrence of laryngeal paralysis following endotracheal intubation in dogs is rare. A one-year-old canine was presented with aspiration pneumonia in the postoperative period following general anesthesia for acetabular denervation surgery. After a month of treatment for aspiration pneumonia, the patient had inspiratory stridor and dyspnea, and the diagnosis of unilateral laryngeal paralysis was made through laryngoscopy. Along with the benefits of endotracheal intubation come many risks. Laryngeal paralysis can be a serious complication, predisposing the patient to aspiration. This report is the second in veterinary medicine to describe laryngeal paralysis as a possible complication after endotracheal intubation in a dog.

Canine ovariectomy by hybrid or total natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: technical feasibility study and pain assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To compare technical feasibility, surgical time, surgical complications, and postoperative pain in ovariectomy (OVE) by hybrid and total natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. ANIMALS: Sixteen healthy and sexually intact bitches. METHODS: Dogs were randomly assigned to the hybrid NOTES group (HNG; n = 8) and the total NOTES group (TNG; n = 8) to compare surgical time, pain scores and complications. Pain was assessed by using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Melbourne pain scale (MPS). RESULTS: Surgical time did not differ between the experimental groups (HNG = 46.3 ± 18.5 minutes, TNG = 54.6 ± 31.1 minutes). Exteriorization of the ovaries through the vaginal wound was the major difficulty. Complications were minor in both groups and occurred intraoperatively only in the HNG, and in both groups post operatively. No dogs required rescue analgesia in the intraoperative or postoperative period. There were no differences in VAS or MPS scores between the groups for any surgical times except for the VAS assessment at 72 hours after extubation (HNG = 1.1 ± 0.3, TNG = 0.7 ± 0.4, P = .0221). CONCLUSION: Both NOTES techniques were comparable for canine OVE, with no requirement for additional analgesia in the postoperative periods. It was not possible to determine whether there was a clear advantage of one technique rather than the other. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The minimally invasive techniques proposed for laparoscopic OVE are feasible for dogs with low pain scores and low rates of complications for both groups.

Urethral prolapse corrected by microsurgery in a cat: a case report.

Urethral prolapse is a rare condition in dogs and cats. A 7-month-old male cat presented with intermittent penile bleeding and a red mass protruding from the tip of the penis. Urethral prolapse was diagnosed by using a surgical microcamera to examine the genital area. Urethroplasty and preputial advancement surgery were performed using a surgical microscope, to successfully correct the urethral prolapse.

Farelo de arroz integral processado por infravermelho em diferentes períodos de tempo na dieta de frangos de corte / Full fat rice bran processed by infrared in different time periods in broiler diets

Trata-se de um estudo de metabolizabilidade em frangos de corte Cobb, para testar os benefícios do processamento térmico por infravermelho no farelo de arroz integral (FAI) em diferentes tempos (0, 6, 8 e 10min). O experimento foi realizado através do método de substituição, em que 20% de uma dieta referência (DR) a base de milho e farelo de soja foi substituída pelos FAIs processados em diferentes tempos. Usou-se um delineamento experimental completamente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 10 repetições de uma ave. Entre 21 e 28 dias de idade das aves, foi feita a coleta total de excretas, com 4 dias de adaptação às dietas e 3 de coleta. A dieta com FAI 6min teve melhor aproveitamento em relação às demais e foi a única que não piorou os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade em relação à DR. Na comparação da metabolizabilidade dos ingredientes isolados, não houve diferenças estatísticas. Porém, conforme aumentou o tempo de processamento, diminuiu a solubilidade e a metabolizabilidade da proteína. O processamento térmico por infravermelho não foi capaz de melhorar a metabolizabilidade do FAI para frangos de corte.

This is a study of metabolizability in broilers Cobb, to test rice bran infrared (RB) thermal processed at different times (0, 6, 8 and 10min). It was used a reference diet (RD) based on corn and soybean in which 20% of RB was included. The experiment design was completely randomized, with 5 treatments and 10 replicates. Each replicate was a 21 day old bird. After 4 days of diet adaptation, total excreta was collected, during 3 subsequent days. Diet with RB processed at 6 was better used than the others, the only one that did not differ from RD. Comparing RB processing times, there were no significant difference between them, regarding digestibility. Processing time was negatively related to protein solubility and protein metabolizability. Infrared heat processing was not able to improve FAI metabolizability for broilers.