Cardiovascular risk assessment in inflammatory bowel disease with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported to increase the risk of early atherosclerosis even in young patients. Moreover, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which has been linked to IBD, is a well-recognized but underdiagnosis entity related to cardiovascular risk. We analyze the impact of MASLD in IBD patients' cardiovascular risk through both advanced lipoprotein profile sorted by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). METHODS: Cross-sectional cohort study which involves 941 IBD adult outpatients. Of them, 50 patients with IBD who met criteria for MASLD and 50 with IBD without MASLD, matched by sex and age were included. Alterations in CIMT were evaluated considering abnormal measures above the 75th percentile adjusted for sex and age. Specific advanced lipoprotein profile was also carried out. RESULTS: Most of the patients had an abnormal CIMT (58%). MASLD (OR=5.05, CI 95%=1.71-14.92) and female sex (OR=3.32, CI 95%=1.03-10) were significantly associated with CIMT alterations. Dense LDL particles (with high cholesterol composition in general cohort (OR=3.62, 95% CI=1.07-12.19) and high triglycerides density in young subgroup (OR=6.25, 95% CI=1.04-50) but not total LDL cholesterol were associated with CIMT alterations. CONCLUSIONS: MASLD and female sex are associated with early atherosclerosis in IBD patients. Dense LDL particle in combination with vascular imaging findings should be evaluated as non-invasive tools in the management of cardiovascular risk in IBD patients.

Association between age, sex and cervical and upper cervical rotation tests. Descriptive and correlational study in healthy volunteers.

Background: Active cervical spine rotation (ACROM Rot) shows cervical rotation and flexion rotation test (FRT); side-bending rotation test (SBRT) and upper cervical axial rotation test (C0-C2ART) are described to measure upper cervical rotation. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the normal range of motion (ROM) of ACROM Rot, and the ROM in FRT, SBRT and C0-C2ART tests; (2) to explore the correlation among the four tests and (3) to investigate the influence of age and sex in their ROM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with healthy volunteers from 18 to 75 years of age. Tests were measured using a CROM device and a bubble inclinometer. Descriptive analysis was performed to establish normative data for the ROM tests. Correlation analysis was conducted to understand the relation between upper and global cervical rotation ROM and among the three upper cervical rotation tests. Linear regression models were developed to understand the influence of age and sex in the ROM of all tests. Results: Normative values were obtained from 122 healthy volunteers (50% male), by sex and age strata. The degree of correlation ranged between 0.582 (p < 0.01) for FRT and ACROM Rot left and 0.217 (p < 0.05) for SBRT and C0-C2ART left. Linear regression models showed the influence of sex for ACROM Rot right (men -4.64° less than women), SBRT (men -4.1° less than women) left and C0-C2ART right and left (men -2.24° and -1.78° less than women). The age influenced rotation ROM with a decrease for every 10 years of -2.11° and -1.96° for ACROM Rot right and left, of -1.72° and -1.26° for FRT right and left and -0.58° and -0.41° for C0-C2ART right and left in the linear regression models. No association was found between age and SBRT (p = 0.63 for right SBRT and p = 0.49 for left SBRT). Conclusion: Weak-to-moderate correlation was found between the upper cervical spine rotation tests and with the ACROM. Women had a larger ROM in ACROM Rot right, SBRT left and C0-C2ART. Decreases in ROM related with age were observed for ACROM Rot, FRT and C0-C2ART but not for SBRT.

Association between Age, Sex and Cervical Spine Sagittal Plane Motion: A Descriptive and Correlational Study in Healthy Volunteers.

Active motion examination of patients with cervical spine-related pathologies is necessary to establish baseline function, set physical therapy goals, and choose interventions. This study investigated the sagittal plane active range of motion (ROM) of the global (GCS) and upper cervical spine (UCS) in relation to age and sex in healthy volunteers. One hundred twenty-two volunteers aged 18 to 75 years participated. Volunteers were excluded if they displayed any characteristic that could affect cervical spine ROM. GCS and UCS flexion and extension were each measured three times using a CROM device. Linear regression models (LRMs) were developed to explore the relationships between age and sex and GCS and UCS ROM. The LRM for age showed a decrease in GCS flexion (-2.01°), GCS extension (-3.33°), and UCS extension (-1.87°) for every decade of increasing age. The LRM for sex showed that men displayed less ROM than women in GCS extension (-6.52°) and UCS extension (-2.43°). These results suggest an age-related loss of sagittal plane GCS ROM and UCS extension ROM, and sex-related differences in GCS and UCS extension with women having greater motion than men.

Effect of diacutaneous fibrolysis on the muscular properties of gastrocnemius muscle.

Diacutaneous fibrolysis is a noninvasive technique that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders such as shoulder pain, lateral epicondylalgia, patellofemoral pain syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome. However, while diacutaneous fibrolysis is applied to soft tissue, its effects on muscular properties are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diacutaneous fibrolysis on muscle properties as measured by tensiomyography and myotonometry in asymptomatic subjects. An analytical descriptive study was performed. A single session of diacutaneous fibrolysis on the gastrocnemius muscle was applied to one limb (treated limb group) and the other limb was the control (control limb group). Subjects were assessed with tensiomyography and myotonometry before treatment (T0), after treatment (T1) and 30 minutes later (T2). The primary outcomes were tensiomyography and myotonometry variables. The treated limb group showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in tensiomyography parameters. A decrease in rigidity and increase in relaxation was also observed on myotonometry at T1, with some of the effects being maintained at T2. Rigidity and relaxation at T1 were statistically significant between groups (p<0.05). A single session of diacutaneous fibrolysis to the gastrocnemius muscle of asymptomatic subjects produced immediate changes in muscle properties. These changes were maintained 30 minutes after the application of the technique.

GRECOS Project (Genotyping Recurrence Risk of Stroke): The Use of Genetics to Predict the Vascular Recurrence After Stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vascular recurrence occurs in 11% of patients during the first year after ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack. Clinical scores do not predict the whole vascular recurrence risk; therefore, we aimed to find genetic variants associated with recurrence that might improve the clinical predictive models in IS. METHODS: We analyzed 256 polymorphisms from 115 candidate genes in 3 patient cohorts comprising 4482 IS or transient ischemic attack patients. The discovery cohort was prospectively recruited and included 1494 patients, 6.2% of them developed a new IS during the first year of follow-up. Replication analysis was performed in 2988 patients using SNPlex or HumanOmni1-Quad technology. We generated a predictive model using Cox regression (GRECOS score [Genotyping Reurrence Risk of Stroke]) and generated risk groups using a classification tree method. RESULTS: The analyses revealed that rs1800801 in the MGP gene (hazard ratio, 1.33; P=9×10-03), a gene related to artery calcification, was associated with new IS during the first year of follow-up. This polymorphism was replicated in a Spanish cohort (n=1.305); however, it was not significantly associated in a North American cohort (n=1.683). The GRECOS score predicted new IS (P=3.2×10-09) and could classify patients, from low risk of stroke recurrence (1.9%) to high risk (12.6%). Moreover, the addition of genetic risk factors to the GRECOS score improves the prediction compared with previous Stroke Prognosis Instrument-II score (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The use of genetics could be useful to estimate vascular recurrence risk after IS. Genetic variability in the MGP gene was associated with vascular recurrence in the Spanish population.

Virial coefficients and demixing in the Asakura-Oosawa model.

The problem of demixing in the Asakura-Oosawa colloid-polymer model is considered. The critical constants are computed using truncated virial expansions up to fifth order. While the exact analytical results for the second and third virial coefficients are known for any size ratio, analytical results for the fourth virial coefficient are provided here, and fifth virial coefficients are obtained numerically for particular size ratios using standard Monte Carlo techniques. We have computed the critical constants by successively considering the truncated virial series up to the second, third, fourth, and fifth virial coefficients. The results for the critical colloid and (reservoir) polymer packing fractions are compared with those that follow from available Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. Limitations and perspectives of this approach are pointed out.

Estado de ánimo precompetitivo y rendimiento percibido en Boccia Paralímpica / Precompetitive mood and perceived performance in paralympic Boccia

El presente estudio analiza un marco de actuación deportiva que ha recibido escasa atención investigadora por la Psicología del Deporte: el deporte paralímpico (boccia). Se estudia cuál ha sido el perfil anímico de la Selección Española en los Juegos Paralímpicos de Beijing’08 y se describe el rendimiento deportivo percibido por el equipo, tanto en las pruebas individuales como colectivas. Para la medición de los estados de ánimo se ha utilizando la escala POMS y para la estimación del rendimiento deportivo se ha realizado una escala graduada de percepción colegiada entre técnicos y deportistas. Los resultados revelan un patrón estable de no alteración emocional, si bien el grado de depresión es estadísticamente más elevado en la competición colectiva frente a la competición individual, al tiempo que se obtiene que la fatiga está asociada al rendimiento deportivo percibido en la competición individual. Se discuten los resultados y se enfatiza la importancia de seguir profundizando en la relación existente entre estados de ánimo y rendimiento percibido, en contextos de alta competición para personas con discapacidad. Una línea de investigación que debe articularse desde la psicología del deporte adaptado (AU)

This study examines the mood profile of the Spanish National Boccia team at the Paralympics in Beijing ‘08. We describe athletic performance perceived by the team, both in individual and collective competitions. To measure mood scale we used the POMS, and for sports performance estimation a scale of perceived technical performance was made by coaches and athletes. The results show a stable pattern of non-emotional disturbance, although degree of depression was statistically higher in collective competition as opposed to individual competition, and fatigue was associated with perceived athletic performance in individual competition. We discuss the results and outline the importance of deepening the relationship between mood and perceived performance in highly competitive environments for people with disabilities (AU)

Communication: Virial coefficients and demixing in highly asymmetric binary additive hard-sphere mixtures.

The problem of demixing in a binary fluid mixture of highly asymmetric additive hard spheres is revisited. A comparison is presented between the results derived previously using truncated virial expansions for three finite size ratios with those that one obtains with the same approach in the extreme case in which one of the components consists of point particles. Since this latter system is known not to exhibit fluid-fluid segregation, the similarity observed for the behavior of the critical constants arising in the truncated series in all instances, while not being conclusive, may cast serious doubts as to the actual existence of a demixing fluid-fluid transition in disparate-sized binary additive hard-sphere mixtures.

Posterior circulation stroke after bronchial artery embolization. A rare but serious complication.

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is the treatment of choice for massive hemoptysis with rare complications that generally are mild and transient. There are few references in the medical literature with acute cerebral embolization as a complication of BAE. We report a case of intracranial posterior territory infarctions as a complication BAE in a patient with hemoptysis due to bronchiectasis.

Escala de Autoeficacia Motriz: propiedades psicométricas y resultados de su aplicación a la población escolar española / Self-efficacy motor scale: psychometric properties and the results of its application to the spanish school population

Este trabajo analizó la nueva Escala de Autoeficacia Motriz (e-AeM), la valoración de autoeficacia motriz (AeM) en adolescentes y su relación con variables como la autoeficacia general, la velocidad-agilidad, la coordinación dinámica y la adaptación cardiorrespiratoria. Para ello se procedió con un diseño ex post facto, valiéndose de una muestra 1.288 adolescentes (14.9±1,7 años), de seis comunidades autónomas españolas. La e-AeM es unidimensional y con buena consistencia interna a= .89). Los chicos declaran mayor autoeficacia motriz que las chicas, independientemente de la edad. sólo entre las chicas, cuantos más años se tienen menor es la expectativa de eficacia. La AeM está altamente relacionada con la variable autoeficacia general (r= .62). se concluye que la e-AeM es un instrumento original e inédito, que ha mostrado alta fiabilidad y suficiente validez de contenido, constructo y criterio para medir la percepción de eficacia propia en situaciones-reto en la actividad física (AU)

This study analysed the new Self-Efficacy Motor Scale (seMs), the motor efficacy evaluation (Mee) in adolescents and its relation with variables such as general self-efficacy, speed-agility, dynamic coordination and cardiorespiratory adaptation. To do so, an ex post facto design was devised, using a sample of 1.288 adolescents (14.9 ± 1.7 years) from six spanish regions. The seMs is one-dimensional with a good internal consistency (a = .89). Boys reported higher motor self-efficacy than girls did, regardless of age. Among girls only, the older the age, the lower the expectations of efficacy. The Mee is closely related to the general self-efficacy variable (r= .62). we conclude that the seMs is an original, unpublished instrument that has been shown to have high reliability and sufficient validity in terms of content, construct and criteria for measuring perceived self-efficacy in challenging situations of physical activity (AU)

Densidad lexical en los segundos iniciales de las tareas de fluidez verbal / No disponible

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Ideal transpulmonary pressure for excised lungs. Morphometric study of the rat / Presión transpulmonar ideal para los pulmones escindidos. Estudio morfométrico en la rata

We carried out this study to propose a transpulmonary pressure (TPP) which will permit the utmost fixation of a lung in which artefacts are produced. 80 rats were used divided into two age groups: adults and older animals. These groups were then organised into four sub-groups according to the TPP used for the fixation: 20, 25, 30, and 35 cm H2O They were fixed by airway with formalin at 10% Lung volume was measured and a descriptive histological and morphometric study was made. The results obtained in the adult animals reveal a direct relation with the TPP. As the TPP was elevated, the pulmonary aerial volume and the internal alveolar surface increased significantly in the lungs fixed at 25, 30, and 35 cm H2O cm as compared to those fixed at 20 H2O. The alveolar cord diminished significantly in the three groups fixed at the higher pressure as compared with that of the 20 cm H2O group. The number of alveoli and the tissue volume increased significantly when the TPP was raised from 20 to 30 cm H2O and from 30 to 35 cm H2O. Only the older animals showed significant differences in the alveolar cord when the TPP was raised from 20 to 25 cm H2O. We propose that in the adult animals the TPP of 25 cm H2O is the most adequate for king fixation; the TPP of 35 cm H2O is that which most distended the lung. However, the increase in tissue volume suggests the possibility that tissue edema has occurred. In the lungs of older animals, the slight differences found suggest that any of the TPP utilised may be used since the lungs were barely modified by them (AU)

Llevamos a cabo este estudio con vistas a proponer una presión transpulmonar (PTP) que permitiese el mayor grado de fijación de un pulmón en el que se producen artefactos. Se emplearon 80 ratas, divididas en dos grupos de edad: adultos y animales más viejos. Estos grupos fueron ulteriormente divididos en cuatro subgrupos según la PTP empleada para la fijación: 20, 25, 30, y 35 cm H2O. Fueron fijados por aire con 10 por ciento formalina. Se midió el volumen pulmonar y se realizó un estudio histológico y morfométrico descriptivo. Los resultados obtenidos en los animales adultos apuntaron hacia la existencia de una relación directa con la PTP. Conforme se fuera elevando la PTP, el volumen arterial pulmonar y la superficie alveolar interna aumentaron significativamente en los pulmones fijados a 25, 30, y 35 cm H2O cm en comparación con los fijados a 20 H2O. El cordón alveolar disminuyó de una manera significativa en los tres grupos fijados a la presión superior en comparación con el del grupo de 20 cm H2O. El número de alvéolos y el volumen tisular aumentaron significativamente cuando la PTP fue elevada desde 20 hasta 30 cm H2O y desde 30 hasta 35 cm H2O. Solamente los animales más viejos mostraban diferencias significativas en el cordón alveolar cuando la PTP fue elevada desde 20 hasta 25 cm H2O.Proponemos que en los animales adultos una PTP de 25 cm H2O sería la más adecuada para la fijación pulmonar: la PTP de 35 cm H2O fue la que más distendió al pulmón. Sin embargo, el aumento en el volumen tisular sugiere la posibilidad de que haya tenido lugar un edema tisular. En los pulmones de los animales más viejos, las ligeras diferencias apreciadas sugieren que cualquiera de las PTP utilizadas podría ser usada puesto que los pulmones apenas fueron modificados por ellas (AU)