A systematic review of the effects of cold exposure on pathological cardiac remodeling in mice.

Exposure to cold promotes cardiac remodeling, characterized by deleterious effects on structure and function, contributing to increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms associated with these changes are poorly understood. This review gathers the literature data on the main alterations and mechanisms associated with the adverse cardiac structural and functional remodeling induced by cold exposure in mice. Original studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases from January 1990 to June 2022. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the criteria established by PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022350637). The risk of bias was evaluated by the SYRCLE. Eligible studies included original papers published in English that evaluated cardiac outcomes in mice submitted to short- or long-time cold exposure and had a control group at room temperature. Seventeen original articles were included in this review. Cold exposure induces pathological cardiac remodeling, characterized by detrimental structural and functional parameters, changes in metabolism and autophagy process, and increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In addition, Nppa, AT1A, Fbp3, BECN, ETA, and MT, appear to play fundamental roles in regulating cardiac remodeling. We suggest that strategies that seek to minimize the CVD risk and adverse effects of cold exposure should target these agents.

Cardiac changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Modulation by aerobic exercise.

Systemic arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by high and sustained levels of blood pressure. For a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension, studies are conducted with spontaneously hypertensive animals, which allow the investigation of physiological changes that in most cases cannot be studied in humans. In these animals, myocardial remodeling, increased pro-inflammatory markers, redox imbalance and contractile dysfunctions that lead to changes in cardiac function can be observed. However, it can be inferring that aerobic training improves cardiac function and cardiomyocyte contractility, in addition to controlling inflammation and reducing oxidative stress in cardiac muscle, despite this, the precise mechanisms by which physical exercise improves cardiovascular control are not fully understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathophysiological changes that affect the heart of spontaneously hypertensive animals and their modulation by aerobic exercise.

The Effect of Diet on the Cardiac Circadian Clock in Mice: A Systematic Review.

Circadian rhythms play important roles in regulating physiological and behavioral processes. These are adjusted by environmental cues, such as diet, which acts by synchronizing or attenuating the circadian rhythms of peripheral clocks, such as the liver, intestine, pancreas, white and brown adipose tissue, lungs, kidneys, as well as the heart. Some studies point to the influence of diet composition, feeding timing, and dietary restriction on metabolic homeostasis and circadian rhythms at various levels. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to discuss studies addressing the effect of diet on the heart clock in animal models and, additionally, the chronodisruption of the clock and its relation to the development of cardiovascular disorders in the last 15 years. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. The PRISMA guide was used to construct the article. Nineteen studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. In summary, these studies have linked the circadian clock to cardiovascular health and suggested that maintaining a robust circadian system may reduce the risks of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The effect of time-of-day-dependent eating on the modulation of circadian rhythms of the cardiac clock and energy homeostasis is notable, among its deleterious effects predominantly in the sleep (light) phase and/or at the end of the active phase.

[Evaluation of a program of application of the botulinum toxin type A in children with cerebral palsy in Vale do Jequitinhonha]. / Avaliação de um programa de aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A em crianças do Vale do Jequitinhonha com paralisia cerebral.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the effects of a public program of application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in terms of muscle spasticity, range of motion, quality of gait, functional independence and quality of life of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 14 children with CP to evaluate the effects of three applications of BoNT-A, at intervals of three months. Children were assessed using the Modified Ashworth Rating Scale, the Manual Goniometer, the Physician Rating Scale, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the Caregiver Questionnaire (CQ). There was a reduction of spasticity, an increase in the range of motion, an improvement of the functional abilities of self-care and mobility of PEDI and the areas of personal care, comfort and interaction/communication with the CQ. The BoNT-A application program for children and adolescents with CP, conducted in a public rehabilitation service in the Jequitinhonha Valley, was effective for the targeted population.

Avaliação de um programa de aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A em crianças do Vale do Jequitinhonha com paralisia cerebral / Evaluation of a program of application of the botulinum toxin type A in children with cerebral palsy in Vale do Jequitinhonha

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um programa público de aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A (TBA) na espasticidade muscular, amplitude de movimento, qualidade da marcha, independência funcional e qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC). Foi realizado um estudo quase experimental que avaliou os efeitos do emprego da TBA, aplicada três vezes, com intervalos de três meses, em 14 crianças com PC. Estas foram avaliadas através da Escala Modificada de Ashworth, Goniometria Manual, Physician Rating Scale, Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade (PEDI) e Questionário do Cuidador da Criança (QCC). Foi observada redução da espasticidade, aumento da amplitude de movimento, melhora das habilidades funcionais de autocuidado e mobilidade do PEDI e das áreas de cuidado pessoal, conforto e interação/comunicação do QCC. O programa de aplicação de TBA em crianças e adolescentes com PC, realizado em um núcleo de reabilitação público do Vale do Jequitinhonha, foi efetivo para a população beneficiada.

The scope of this study was to evaluate the effects of a public program of application of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in terms of muscle spasticity, range of motion, quality of gait, functional independence and quality of life of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 14 children with CP to evaluate the effects of three applications of BoNT-A, at intervals of three months. Children were assessed using the Modified Ashworth Rating Scale, the Manual Goniometer, the Physician Rating Scale, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) and the Caregiver Questionnaire (CQ). There was a reduction of spasticity, an increase in the range of motion, an improvement of the functional abilities of self-care and mobility of PEDI and the areas of personal care, comfort and interaction/communication with the CQ. The BoNT-A application program for children and adolescents with CP, conducted in a public rehabilitation service in the Jequitinhonha Valley, was effective for the targeted population.