Fix the Flat: Applying the Principles of Tire Aerosol Repair to Prevent Exsanguination From a Hemorrhagic Intrahepatic Mass.

Metastatic neoplasias often require increased blood supply for proliferation. Tumors that outgrow their blood supply can undergo necrosis, leading to the formation of mass-like abscesses. Depending on the location, these lesions can form fistulas with nearby organs resulting in poor patient outcomes. Interventional operators may use unconventional methods to the benefit of patients when resolving these complex lesions. The following case describes a patient with a large right hemorrhagic intrahepatic collection and formation of a duodenal fistula, resulting in acute blood loss anemia. Although there is not a standardized treatment for this complication, we present a novel therapeutic technique that incorporates similar principles analogous to the standard canned aerosol tire repair device.

Systematic review of three-dimensional printing for simulation training of interventional radiology trainees.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been utilized as a means of producing high-quality simulation models for trainees in procedure-intensive or surgical subspecialties. However, less is known about its role for trainee education within interventional radiology (IR). Thus, the purpose of this review was to assess the state of current literature regarding the use of 3D printed simulation models in IR procedural simulation experiences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature query was conducted through April 2020 for articles discussing three-dimensional printing for simulations in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library databases using key terms relating to 3D printing, radiology, simulation, training, and interventional radiology. RESULTS: We identified a scarcity of published sources, 4 total articles, that appraised the use of three-dimensional printing for simulation training in IR. While trainee feedback is generally supportive of the use of three-dimensional printing within the field, current applications utilizing 3D printed models are heterogeneous, reflecting a lack of best practices standards in the realm of medical education. CONCLUSIONS: Presently available literature endorses the use of three-dimensional printing within interventional radiology as a teaching tool. Literature documenting the benefits of 3D printed models for IR simulation has the potential to expand within the field, as it offers a straightforward, sustainable, and reproducible means for hands-on training that ought to be standardized.