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Aiming to solve the problem of color distortion and loss of detail information in most dehazing algorithms, an end-to-end image dehazing network based on multi-scale feature enhancement is proposed. Firstly, the feature extraction enhancement module is used to capture the detailed information of hazy images and expand the receptive field. Secondly, the channel attention mechanism and pixel attention mechanism of the feature fusion enhancement module are used to dynamically adjust the weights of different channels and pixels. Thirdly, the context enhancement module is used to enhance the context semantic information, suppress redundant information, and obtain the haze density image with higher detail. Finally, our method removes haze, preserves image color, and ensures image details. The proposed method achieved a PSNR score of 33.74, SSIM scores of 0.9843 and LPIPS distance of 0.0040 on the SOTS-outdoor dataset. Compared with representative dehazing methods, it demonstrates better dehazing performance and proves the advantages of the proposed method on synthetic hazy images. Combined with dehazing experiments on real hazy images, the results show that our method can effectively improve dehazing performance while preserving more image details and achieving color fidelity.
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Objective: The current study was to evaluate the prevalence of increased carotid artery intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and carotid plaque in young individuals and factors associated with increased IMT and carotid plaque were also assessed. Methods: Individuals between 18 and 44 years old who underwent an annual health examination and without cardiovascular disease were included. The value of IMT ≥0.1 cm was defined as increased IMT and IMT ≥0.15 cm was defined as carotid plaque. Based on the IMT, participants were divided into normal and abnormal groups. Results: A total of 551 individuals were included and the mean age was 38.9 years old, with women accounting for 32.5% (n=179) and 238 (43.2%) individuals with abnormal IMT. Those with abnormal IMT was older, more likely to be male and smoking, had higher blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI). Individuals with abnormal MIT also had worse lipid profiles, higher serum levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, homocysteine, and uric acid. Age, male sex, elevated systolic and diastolic BP, BMI, HbA1c, FPG, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, homocysteine, and uric acid were positively correlated with IMT, while HDL-C was negatively correlated with IMT. Factors associated with increased IMT and carotid plaque included age, male sex, BMI, triglyceride, LDL-C, homocysteine, uric acid, and smoking. Conclusion: Among apparent healthy young individuals, the prevalence of increased IMT was high and there were several factors associated with increased IMT. Further studies are needed to evaluate how to be better in preventing the development of subclinical atherosclerosis among young individuals.
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In this work, sharp wrinkles on graphene films, caused by graphene duplicating the grain boundary cracks of copper foil during the preparation process, were carefully explored. A secondary-transferring graphene film process was proposed to re-transform the "Peak" morphology of graphene surface into "Valley" form. The process we have developed is highly effective and almost nondestructive to the graphene through testing the surface morphology and photo-electric properties before and after the secondary-transferring process. Flexible organic light-emitting device (FOLED) with PEDOT:PSS/SLG/NOA63 framework as a targeted application was fabricated to illustrate the value of our proposed method in fabricating stable devices, the maximum luminance can reach about 35000 cd/m2, and the maximum current efficiency was 16.19 cd/A. This method can also be applied to the roll-to-roll preparation of large area high-quality graphene.
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INTRODUCTION: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficiency of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 262 patients with T2DM were enrolled for STOP-Bang questionnaire evaluation and polysomnography (PSG) monitoring between May 2015 and September 2016. Patients were divided into non-OSA and different OSA severity groups (mild, moderate, and severe) according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The value of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for OSA screening was evaluated. RESULTS: Efficiency of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for OSA screening among Chinese patients with T2DM was as follows: when AHI ≥ 5/h, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.825 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.763-0.887, p < 0.05), sensitivity was 85.6% (95% CI: 85.55-85.65%, p < 0.05) and specificity was 60% (95% CI: 59.85-60.15%, p < 0.05); when AHI > 15/h, the AUC was 0.856 (95% CI: 0.799-0.913, p < 0.05), sensitivity was 88.6% (95% CI: 88.55-88.65%, p < 0.05) and specificity was 38.4% (95% CI: 38.30-38.49%, p < 0.05); when AHI > 30/h, the AUC was 0.891 (95% CI: 0.836-0.946, p < 0.05), sensitivity was 90.5% (95% CI: 90.44-90.56%, p < 0.05), and specificity was 27% (95% CI: 26.94-27.07%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The STOP-Bang questionnaire is an effective tool for OSA screening among Chinese patients with T2DM. A cut-off score of 3 distinguishes OSA from non-OSA with high sensitivity.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive performance of the STOP-Bang questionnaire screening obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS). METHODS: From May 2013 to September 2014, patients with MS were recruited at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. We applied the STOP questionnaire to these patients. Information concerning Bang was collected. Portable polysomnography (PSG) was performed in these patients. There were 317 patients with successful PSG and completed STOP-Bang questionnaire results. The results of the STOP-Bang sore and PSG were compared, and their crude accuracy, kappa index and correlation were analyzed. Fourfold table was used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values for each score, and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated. RESULTS: As the components of the questionnaire, loud snore, observed apnea, gender, age, neck circumference worked well to identify OSA patient with MS. The STOP-Bang score showed an increase with increased severity of OSA (2.30 ± 1.01, 3.48 ± 1.30, 3.82 ± 1.26, 4.57 ± 1.43). In 317 MS patients, a STOP-Bang score of 3 had a high sensitivity of 86.36% and a reasonable sensitivity of 50.94% for identifying MS patient with OSA. When predicting all OSA, moderate/severe OSA or severe OSA, a STOP-Bang score of 4 had a higher accuracy. Using the STOP-Bang score to predict MS patients with all OSA (AHI ≥ 5), moderate/severe OSA (AHI>15), and severe OSA (AHI>30), the area under the ROC curve was 0.824 (95%CI: 0.771-0.876), 0.851 (95%CI: 0.801-0.901), 0.892 (95%CI: 0.843-0.941), respectively (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The STOP-Bang questionnaire has high accuracy and feasibility in screening OSA and can predict the severity of OSA among patients with MS.
