RESUMEN
Cholera toxin (CT), a major enterotoxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, elicits mucosal adjuvant activities by inducing antigen-specific CD4+ T cells secreting T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is induced by Th1 cells specific for myelin-derived antigens. We induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 and CT was nasally administered as an immunomodulator on day 7 following MOG challenge. Clinical severity in the CT-treated mice was milder when compared to PBS-treated mice, while the levels of expression of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in the central nervous system (CNS) of CT-treated mice were lower than PBS-treated mice. Thus, nasal administration of the mucosal immunomodulator CT ameliorated the severity of EAE, which was associated with the suppression of Th1 cell responses.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/terapia , Toxina del Cólera/uso terapéutico , Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental/terapia , Células Th2/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Administración Intranasal , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Sistema Nervioso Central/inmunología , Sistema Nervioso Central/metabolismo , Toxina del Cólera/administración & dosificación , Toxina del Cólera/inmunología , Toxina del Cólera/farmacología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental/inmunología , Femenino , Glicoproteínas/inmunología , Glicoproteínas/toxicidad , Humanos , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Glicoproteína Mielina-Oligodendrócito , Fragmentos de Péptidos/inmunología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/toxicidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Bazo/inmunología , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th2/metabolismoRESUMEN
A case of meningitis due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus occurred after neurosurgery. The cerebrospinal fluid cytology showed intracellular diplococci that strongly resembled Neisseria meningitidis. However, subsequent bacteriologic studies revealed a bacterium identical to A. calcoaceticus. It is of practical importance for cytology laboratories to recognize this diplococcal form of organism.