Barriers and Facilitators of Communication in the Medication Reconciliation Process during Hospital Discharge: Primary Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives.

The WHO established that medication errors are the most common and preventable errors and represent an expenditure of 42 billion U.S. dollars annually. The risk of medication errors increases in transitions between levels of care, mainly from hospital care to primary healthcare after hospital discharge. In this context, communication is a key element in the safety of the medication reconciliation process. The aim of this paper was to describe the barriers to, and facilitators of, effective communication during the medication reconciliation process at hospital discharge in people over 65 years of age, from the perspective of primary healthcare professionals. A qualitative descriptive study was designed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 individuals, of whom 13 were nurses and 8 were physicians. This study was carried out with healthcare professionals belonging to primary healthcare centres in Huelva (Spain). Following content analysis of the discourses we identified 19 categories, grouped into three areas: interlevel communication, communication between primary healthcare professionals, and communication between healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers. The barriers found mainly relate to the adequacy and use of technological tools, time available, workload and the level of collaboration of patients/caregivers. Facilitating elements for communication in medication reconciliation included technologies, such as computerized medical history, protocolization of clinical sessions, the presence of case management nurse and interdisciplinary teamwork.

Reasons for choosing and completing nursing studies among incoming and outgoing students: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: The shortage of nurses is causing instability and crisis in health systems and will continue. The WHO reinforced the importance of recruiting and retaining new students. Authors of various studies recommend the need to identify and understand the reasons for pursuing a nursing degree. OBJECTIVES: To determine students' preference for nursing studies and to identify the reasons for choosing, continuing, and completing a bachelor's degree in nursing. DESIGN: Qualitative, descriptive study. PARTICIPANTS: 106 nursing students at the University of Huelva (Spain) participated during their first year (2017) and final year (2021) of the nursing degree. METHODS: This study was conducted with the same group of students in two phases. Data were collected in writing in a document with open-ended questions and no maximum wordcount. The responses were analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: A total of 76.4 % of participants stated that nursing had been their first choice. The main reasons for choosing a nursing degree were associated with fulfilment, and a desire to help others and interact with them. The reasons for completing their studies were primarily related to an interest in providing professional care, showing a deeper and more concrete knowledge of nursing care work. CONCLUSION: For most participants, nursing was their first choice due to a strong intrinsic motivation related to self-satisfaction in helping others. The reasons for completing this degree had extrinsic motivations linked to nursing activity in hospital. Areas such as management, teaching, or research were not interesting to our students. Knowing the causes of this lack of interest could help us attract them to these areas.

Current Stereotypes Associated with Nursing and Nursing Professionals: An Integrative Review.

Nursing and nursing professionals are associated with social stereotypes, which may hinder the profession's development and future prospects as a scientific discipline. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the stereotypes associated with the nursing profession-students and professionals. Therefore, we carried out an integrative review. The search was conducted using PubMed, WOS, and CINAHL databases, and its search strategy was based on a combination of standardised keywords and natural vocabulary, with a temporal limit between 2016 and 2021. The data extraction and analysis was based on the conceptual framework developed by Whittemore and Knafl. Twenty-seven studies were included in the review, and their results were classified and coded. Two categories emerged, namely, stereotypes relating to the professionals' gender and stereotypes relating to the profession itself. We concluded that the nursing profession is viewed as female with low skills, social status, salary, academic level and entry requirements, and with little autonomy. Male nurses' professional competencies and masculinity are questioned, while the work carried out by female nurses is viewed as unprofessional. To reduce these stereotypes and bias we must present the nursing profession as a scientific discipline, developed by both men and women. Specific channels for this awareness-raising work include interventions from universities and the media, and participation in health policies.

Current Social Perception of and Value Attached to Nursing Professionals' Competences: An Integrative Review.

In order to develop nurses' identities properly, they need to publicise their professional competences and make society aware of them. For that, this study was conducted to describe the competences that society currently attributes to nursing professionals and how nursing is valued in society. This review was based on the conceptual framework by Whittemore and Knafl. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, WOS, and CINAHL databases, and the search strategy was based on a combination of natural language and standardised keywords, with limits and criteria for inclusion, exclusion, and quality. The results of the studies were classified and coded in accordance with the competence groups of the professional profile described in the Tuning Educational Structures in Europe programme. Fourteen studies were selected. The most commonly reported competence groups were as follows: nursing practice and clinical decision making; and communication and interpersonal competences. Nursing is perceived as a healthcare profession dedicated to caring for individuals. Its other areas of competence and its capacity for leadership are not well known. In order to develop a professional identity, it is essential to raise awareness of the competences that make up this professional profile.

Components of the nursing role as perceived by first-year nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Identifying and acquiring the nursing role is key to the development of nurses' professional identity. Understanding nursing students' perceptions in this regard will enable nursing educators to choose teaching strategies that lead to positive development of their students' professional identity. OBJECTIVES: To describe how nursing students perceive the different components of the nursing role at the beginning of the nursing degree. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS: 106 first-year nursing students at the University of Huelva, Spain. METHODS: Data on social and academic variables and variables relating to the instrumental and expressive roles were collected via an adapted, pilot-tested questionnaire assessed by experts. RESULTS: For participants, caregiving is the core of the nursing role in the clinical setting, including both technical execution and patient care aspects. They highlighted the disease prevention, health promotion, restoration, and education profiles of nurses rather than their teaching, professional, and technical profiles. They were acquainted with the concept of postgraduate professional development, but were unaware of the academic pathways leading to it. They considered nurses to be decision-makers, who are nevertheless subordinate to doctors. CONCLUSIONS: Students did not consider nursing to be an autonomous profession, although they highlighted its decision-making capacity. They placed greater emphasis on the traditional profile of primary care nurses than on their technical profile, and were able to identify the members of the multidisciplinary healthcare team.

Communication on Safe Caregiving between Community Nurse Case Managers and Family Caregivers.

Dependent elderly individuals are usually cared for at home by untrained family members who are unaware of the risks involved. In this setting, communication on safe caregiving is key. The aim of this study is to describe the factors influencing the process followed by community nurse case managers to provide communication on safe caregiving to family members caring for dependent elderly individuals. A phenomenological study, by focus group, was done in urban healthcare facilities. Key informants were seven community nurses, case managers with more than 12 years' experience. We did a thematic analysis and we identified the units of meaning to which the most relevant discourses were assigned. The concepts expressed were grouped until subcategories were formed, which were then condensed into categories. Four categories of analysis emerged: communication-related aspects; professional skills of nurse case managers; communication on safety and the caregiving role. To planner interventions, for the prevention of adverse events at home, is essential to consider these aspects: nurses' professional communication skills, factors inherent to safe caregiving, the characteristics of the home where care is provided, the personal and family circumstances of the caregiver, and whether or not the caregiver's role has been assumed by the family caregivers.

Hôtel-Dieu de París; reformas materiales, estructurales y funcionales entre los siglos XII y XVIII / Hôtel-Dieu em Paris; reformas materiais, estruturais e funcionais entre os séculos XII e XVIII / Hôtel-Dieu in Paris; material, structural and functional reforms, between twelve and eighteenth centuries

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer y divulgar la historia del Hôtel-Dieu de París entre los siglos XII y XVIII, periodo de tiempo en el que se llevaron a cabo grandes obras en sus instalaciones, se cambió el sistema de administración y se desarrolló una estructura funcional de las Hermanas Agustinas con la aparición de supervisoras y especialistas en diferentes áreas. La metodología usada para este estudio es de investigación cualitativo-descriptiva que se inicia con una búsqueda bibliográfica y continúa con el análisis hermenéutico de los documentos encontrados. Las conclusiones de este estudio versan sobre la problemática del paso de la gestión de la asistencia sanitaria caritativo-religiosa a la gestión laica de la misma con la pérdida del cariz altruista; del desarrollo de súper-estructuras físicas para la atención sanitaria y de las jerarquías organizativas y funcionales de esas súper-estructuras, todo esto en el amplio contexto temporal de seis siglos (AU)

The objective of the present study is discover and disclose the history of the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris between twelve and eighteenth centuries, period of time when some big facilities where built the administration system was changed and an Agustinian Sisters functional structure was developed with the implementation of supervisors and some specialist in different areas. The methodology used in this study is cualitative-descriptive that begins with the bibliography research and followed by an hermeneutic analysis of the documents that were found. The conclusions of this revision relate to the issue of the difficulties faced in order to change from and caritative-religious management of the sanitary assistance to a laic management, loosing in this process it altruistic conception; the development of this high-scale facility for sanitary attention and also the administration, both hierarchy and functional. All this during a wide six centuries (AU)

O presente estudo tem como objetivo conhecer e divulgar a história do Hôtel-Dieu de Paris entre os séculos XII e XVIII, período de tempo no qual se levaram a cabo grandes obras em suas instalações, se mudou o sistema de administração e se desenvolveu uma estrutura funcional das Irmãs Agostinianas com o aparecimento de supervisoras e especialistas em diferentes áreas. A metodologia usada para este estudo é a de investigação qualitativo-descritiva que se inicia com uma pesquisa bibliográfica e se continua com a análise hermenêutica dos documentos encontrados. As conclusões deste estudo versam sobre a problemática do passo da gestão da assistência sanitária caritativo-religiosa à gestão laica da mesma com a perda do cariz altruísta; do desenvolvimento de superestruturas físicas para a atenção sanitária e das hierarquias organizativas e funcionais dessas superestruturas, tudo isto em um amplo contexto temporário de seis séculos (AU)

Hôtel-Dieu de París; orígenes y aparición de las primeras enfermeras religiosas de la historia / Hôtel-Dieu em Paris; origens e aparência das primeiras enfermeiras religiosas da história / Hôtel-Dieu in Paris; origins and appearance of the first religious nurses of the history

El objetivo del presente estudio es descubrir y dar a conocer la historia del Hôtel-Dieude Paris y la historia paralela al mismo de las Hermanas Agustinas, cuidadoras de los enfermos de dicho hospital. El método usado para llevar a cabo el estudio ha sido una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica, traducción, lectura, análisis y reflexión de los documentos encontrados. Las conclusiones de este estudio nos hablan de la dureza de la ocupación, de cómo podían llegar a tardar en formarse para ejercer plenamente, hasta, veintiséis años y de cómo estaban de delimitadas las funciones entre unos cuerpos y otros (AU)

The objective of the present study is to discover and disclose the history of the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris and, at the same time, the history of the Agustinian´s Sisters, nurses of the mentioned hospital. The methodology used to carry out the study was an extensive literature research, translation, reading, analysis and discussion of the documents we find during the research. The conclusions tell us about the difficulties of the occupation, about how long one-person could take to complete studies and to became fully professional in this area (up to 26years), and also talks about how the functions between some occupations and others was delimitated (AU)

O objectivo do presente estudo é descobrire divulgar a história do Hôtel-Dieu de Paris e paralelamente a história das Irmãs Agustinianas, enfermeiras do hospital mencionado. O método utilizado para levar a cabo o estudo foi uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, tradução, leitura, análise e reflexão dos documentos encontrados. As conclusões deste estudo nos falam da dureza da ocupação, de como podiam demorar a se formar para exercer plenamente a profissão até vinte e seis anos e de como estavam delimitadas as funções entre uns corpo se outros (AU)