Transesophageal echocardiography in patients with ischemic stroke accurately detects significant coronary artery stenosis and often changes management.

OBJECTIVES: TEE is performed in many patients with ischemic stroke, and it is possible to examine the proximal coronaries by TEE in these patients. Our purpose was to (1) determine the accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the diagnosis of proximal coronary stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke and (2) show that TEE detection of proximal coronary stenosis changed management in a substantial number of patients. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with ischemic stroke undergoing TEE, in whom the proximal coronaries were examined and who had angiographic results available, were studied. RESULTS: Proximal coronaries were visualized as follows: left main (LM) in 31 (97%), left anterior descending (LAD) in 32 (100%), left circumflex (LCx) in 30 (94%) and right coronary artery (RCA) in 21 (66%). The sensitivity and specificity of TEE in diagnosing significant coronary stenosis in visualized vessels were as follows: LM 100% and 100%, LAD 100% and 95%, LCx 100% and 96%, and RCA 100% and 100%, respectively. When visualized and nonvisualized segments were considered, TEE detected significant stenosis as follows: 4 of 5 in the LM (80%), 13 of 13 in the LAD (100%), 2 of 3 in the LCx (66%), and 2 of 8 in the RCA (25%). Of the 32 patients, TEE results changed management in 17 patients (53%). Angiographic findings resulted in 10 of the 17 patients (59%) undergoing revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: TEE was very accurate in diagnosing significant coexisting coronary artery disease in patients with ischemic stroke. TEE diagnosis of these lesions prompted coronary angiography and subsequent revascularization in a substantial number of patients.

Transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of coronary stenosis: a decade of experience.

Coronary artery imaging is routinely obtained invasively at cardiac catheterization through coronary angiography. This remains the gold standard, but with advances in ultrasound technology, electron beam computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, newer noninvasive methodologies are achieving greater success at imaging the coronary anatomy. This review is meant to highlight the important accomplishments from transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) investigations that have studied the coronary arteries. The specific technique for optimally imaging the coronaries with high frequency transducers, color and conventional Doppler, in addition to contrast-enhanced methods, will be analyzed. Importantly, this article serves as a reminder to echocardiographers and cardiologists that excellent, clinically relevant information of the coronary arteries can be obtained routinely during TEE. This technique is part of the trend noted by the other authors in this special edition; that is, echocardiography is becoming the gold standard of the new millennium for many diagnostic areas, even coronary angiography.