RESUMEN
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) is an autoimmune condition that predisposes to venous and arterial thrombosis. Warfarin is the agent of choice for anticoagulation. However, a need for routine international normalised ratio (INR) checks and multiple drug interactions are some of the difficulties with warfarin. Currently, there is mixed evidence for and against the use of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for thromboprophylaxis. We present a case report of a patient with APLS on a NOAC for secondary thromboprophylaxis who developed a stroke and discuss current evidence regarding the use of NOACs in patients with APLS. The patient was switched to warfarin for secondary thromboprophylaxis with an INR goal of 2-3. Literature review revealed mixed case reports for and against NOACs for secondary prevention of thrombotic events in patients with APLS. There needs to be further randomised controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of NOACs for thromboprophylaxis in patients with APLS.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/complicaciones , Coagulación Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Prevención Secundaria/métodos , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevención & control , Administración Oral , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/sangre , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/tratamiento farmacológico , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tromboembolia Venosa/sangre , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologíaAsunto(s)
Anfetamina/efectos adversos , Hematoma Subdural/inducido químicamente , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/inducido químicamente , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/fisiopatología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Vasculitis del Sistema Nervioso Central/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Confusión/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Hematoma Subdural/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/fisiopatología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vasculitis del Sistema Nervioso Central/fisiopatología , Vasculitis del Sistema Nervioso Central/terapiaRESUMEN
A 52-year-old woman with a medical history of cervical and thyroid cancer, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, uncontrolled diabetes and heavy smoking was diagnosed with a new metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. While undergoing palliative chemotherapy, she developed dysarthria and left-sided weakness. Imaging studies showed multiple bilateral ischaemic strokes. On hospital days 2 and 5, she developed worsening neurological symptoms and imaging studies revealed new areas of ischaemia on respective days. Subsequent workup did not revealed a clear aetiology for the multiple ischaemic events and hypercoagulability studies were only significant for a mildly elevated serum D-dimer level. Although guidelines are unclear, full-dose anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin was initiated given her high risk of stroke recurrence. She was discharged to acute rehabilitation but, within a month, she experienced complications of her malignant disease progression and a new pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient died soon after being discharged home with hospice care.