Political quarrel overshadows vaccination advocacy: How the vaccine debate on Brazilian Twitter was framed by anti-vaxxers during Bolsonaro administration.

Despite Brazil's tradition of successful mass immunization programs, the country has been experiencing alarming declines in vaccination coverage, especially among children. That is aggravated by the growth of anti-vaccine movements and the spread of health misinformation in social media in the last decade, which have worsened during the COVID-19 outbreak. Several reports link populism and far-right politicians to anti-vaccination support worldwide, which was also the case in Brazil during president Jair Bolsonaro's administration. This project aimed to identify the circulating pro and anti-vaccine narratives in Portuguese on Twitter, during a crucial decision-making period regarding childhood vaccination in Brazil, from December 9, 2021, until February 9, 2022. From the over one million tweets and four million retweets collected, we identified two well-defined groups, one in favor and another against vaccination. Within the sample, we selected 1500 influencer tweets with the highest impact (>500 retweets) and conducted content analysis. Although the pro-vaccine influencers were more retweeted than anti-vaxxer ones, we observed that anti-vaccine movements were more succesful in framing discussions on Twitter. The subject of COVID-19 was the target of political polarization embedded in populist, anti-science and anti-traditional media discourses promoted by anti-vaxxers. As a counterpart, the pro-vaccine influencers reacted inarticulately, focusing on criticizing the anti-vaccination actors, attitudes, and policies instead of promoting vaccines. Based on reults, we claim that a well-coordinated network of health communicators from science centers and health institutions, in partnership with properly briefed social media influencers and fact-checking sources, would more efectively pre-tempt the public about vaccine misinformation.

Esperança x sofrimento nas mídias sociais: o que motiva seguidores do Instagram a seguir a temática câncer? / Hope vs. suffering on social media: what motivates people on Instagram to follow topics in cancer? / Esperanza vs sufrimiento en las redes sociales: ¿ lo que motiva a los seguidores de Instagram a seguiren la temática del cáncer?

O câncer ainda é associado a dor, morte e sofrimento, e muitos cidadãos, com medo de um diagnóstico, adotam comportamento de esquiva de médicos e exames. Com o surgimento das mídias sociais, o tema tem sido tratado em plataformas como Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, entre outras. O objetivo deste estudo é averiguar se há um padrão de conteúdo sobre câncer que gere engajamento no aplicativo de imagens Instagram. Foram selecionados dois perfis brasileiros de instituições de câncer no Instagram, e um estudo qualitativo de análise de conteúdo de posts e comentários foi aplicado, sendo associado posteriormente a análises estatísticas. Foi selecionado todo o conteúdo de dois hospitais oncológicos brasileiros durante quatro anos, totalizando 1.935 postagens no Instagram. Além dos posts, buscamos entender o comportamento dos usuários dessas mídias quando o tema é câncer, por meio dos 2.239 comentários e dos 4.603 Emojis. Podemos afirmar que há interesse pelo tema, o qual é abordado sem preconceitos por internautas e que muitos buscam formas diferenciadas de gratificação no uso do aplicativo.

Cancer is a disease still associated with pain, death and suffering and many people, afraid of a diagnosis, adopt dodging behavior from doctors and tests. Despite this phenomenon as old as the disease, the emergence of social media has brought the topic to platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, among others. T77he goal of this study is to determine if there is a cancer content standard that creates more engagement on Instagram. Two Brazilian cancer institutions Instagram profiles were selected and a qualitative study of content analysis was applied, later associating it with statistical analysis. During four years, the entire contents of two Brazilian cancer hospitals were selected, totaling 1,935 posts on Instagram. In addition to the posts produced by the two institutions, we sought to understand user behavior on this media when the topic is cancer, through 2,239 comments and 4,603 Emojis. Given the fact that the two profiles attract about 120,000 users, we can affirm that there is interest on the topic, Internet users address the topic with no prejudice and many seek different ways of gratification using the app.

El cáncer es una enfermedad aún asociada al dolor, muerte y sufrimiento y muchos ciudadanos, con miedo de un diagnóstico, adoptan comportamiento de esquiva de médicos y exámenes. A pesar de ese fenómeno tan antiguo cuanto a la enfermedad, el surgimiento de las Redes Sociales trajo el tema a plataformas como Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, entre otras. El objetivo de este estudio es averiguar si hay un estándar de contenido sobre cáncer que genera engagement en la aplicación de imágenes Instagram. Dos perfiles brasileños de instituciones de cáncer en el Instagram fueran seleccionados y un estudio cualitativo de análisis de contenido de posts y comentarios fue aplicado, asociado posteriormente a análisis estadísticos. Durante cuatro años, fue seleccionado todo el contenido de dos hospitales oncológicos brasileños, totalizando 1.935 posts en el Instagram. Además de los posts producidos por las dos instituciones, buscamos entender el comportamiento de los usuarios de esos medios cuando el tema es cáncer, a través de 2.239 comentarios y de 4.603 Emojis. Ante los dos perfiles que atraen a cerca de 120 mil usuarios, podemos afirmar que hay interés por el tema, que el tema es abordado sin prejuicios por internautas y que muchos buscan formas diferenciadas de gratificación en el uso de la aplicación.