The relationship between mobile phone addiction and time management disposition among Chinese college students：A cross-lagged panel model.

Previous research has identified a negative association between mobile phone addiction and time management disposition among college students; however, the direction of this relationship remains divergent. This study utilized a cross-lagged panel model to elucidate the directionality of the relationship between mobile phone addiction and time management disposition. A total of 466 college students completed two measures at seven-month intervals. The findings revealed a prevalence of mobile phone addiction at 10.94 % and 13.73 % in the two surveys. Notably, both mobile phone addiction and time management disposition demonstrated stability over time. Furthermore, a discernible negative bidirectional relationship was observed between the two. The present findings underscore the importance of timely intervention for college students facing challenges in mobile phone usage and time management.

Establishment and Validation of a Postoperative VTE Prediction Model in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Radical Resection: CRSPOT Nomogram.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a life-threatening postoperative complication of malignant tumors. We identified risk factors for postoperative VTE in patients undergoing radical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and constructed and validated a clinical prediction model. Clinical data of 982 patients undergoing radical resection of CRC from September 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022, in Ningxia Medical University General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were randomly divided into training (n = 617) and validation groups (n = 264). Data included baseline characteristics, preoperative complications, examination results, and intraoperative and postoperative indicators. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors, build a predictive model, and draw a predictive nomogram (CRSPOT). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) for evaluating the model's predictive ability. Independent risk factors for postoperative VTE were as follows: postoperative hemoglobin of <10 g/L (odds ratio [OR] 0.413, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.220-0.777), postoperative D-dimer of ≥3.5µg/mL (OR 2.156, 95% CI 1.145-4.061), BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 (OR 2.313, 95% CI 1.225-4.369), operation time of ≥4 h (OR 2.292, 95% CI 1.232-4.262), lower extremity varicose veins (OR 4.499, 95% CI 1.764-11.476), postoperative ileus (OR 5.760, 95% CI 2.031-16.337), and postoperative hypoxemia (OR 9.230, 95% CI 4.562-18.672). The nomogram's AUC was 0.826, demonstrating a reliable predictive ability. The CRSPOT nomogram reliably predicts postoperative VTE in patients undergoing radical resection of CRC, identifying high-risk patients early, allowing early implementation of antithrombotic strategies, and helping to reduce the incidence and mortality of postoperative VTE.

Effects of exogenous lactic acid bacteria and maize meal on fermentation quality and microbial community of Orychophragmus violaceus silage.

Orychophragmus violaceus is a local Brassicaceae in China, while most of it is directly mowed and discarded after the ornamental period. In order to develop forage resources, this study firstly evaluated the potential preservation of O. violaceus silage. O. violaceus was harvested at full-bloom stage, and ensiled without (CK) or with maize meal (Y5), lactic acid bacteria inoculant (Z) and compound additive (Y5Z) for 60 d. Results of chemical and microbiological analysis showed that a large amount of lactic acid was produced and the final pH value was below 4.1 in silages regardless of additive application. CK silage was well preserved as indicated by the low levels of dry matter loss and butyric acid content, and the predominant genus were identified as Enterococcus and Pediococcus. Y5 silage had potential health risks for humans and animals as seen by frequent occurrence of pathogenic bacteria Clostridium and Achromobacter. Z and Y5Z silages were poorly preserved, resulting in great dry matter loss and butyric acid content. Considering the abundant acetic acid production, the dominant Lactobacillus might possess a heterofermentative pathway in Z and Y5Z silages. In conclusion, O. violaceus has the potential to be long stored as silage because of its sufficient water-soluble carbohydrates, while exogenous lactic acid bacteria and maize meal generally provided little positive effect. In future research, efficient homofermentative Lactobacillus strains were suggested to be screened to further enhance the ensiling process of O. violaceus silage.

Recurrent Syncope Episodes during Spinal Anesthesia for Perianal Abscess Drainage: A Case Report Emphasizing Pain as a Trigger.

BACKGROUND Vasovagal syncope is a loss of consciousness caused by decreased arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow. The characteristic features of vasovagal syncope include cardiovascular inhibition caused by neural reflexes, accompanied by vasodilation and bradycardia. To date, there is little literature to report several episodes of syncope under spinal anesthesia during the perioperative period for drainage of an anal abscess. The purpose of this article is to alert clinical practitioners to the early identification of the underlying causes of vasovagal syncope and to facilitate timely and effective management strategies. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 44-year-old man with a perianal abscess who was scheduled for an incision and drainage procedure for the abscess under spinal anesthesia. Preoperative assessment revealed no history of cardiac disease, neurological disorders, or drug allergies. During the perioperative period, the patient experienced 3 episodes of syncope: 1 episode during puncture of spinal anesthesia, and the others at 6.5 h and 8.5 h after the procedure. The patient was discharged 4 days later, and a 30-day postoperative follow-up showed good recovery, without any episodes of syncope. CONCLUSIONS We described a case of 3 episodes of vasovagal syncope occurring in a patient during the perioperative period of drainage of perianal abscess under spinal anesthesia. Pain may have been the main cause of vasovagal syncope in this patient. To avoid vasovagal syncope, it is best for anesthesiologists to choose the lateral position to perform spinal anesthesia and to provide good perioperative pain management for these patients.

Effect of Yak Meat to the Daily Ration of Scalded Rats for Wound Healing.

Objective: Treatment of burn wound healing involves infection, nutrition, psychology and rehabilitation, and proper nutritional support can promote wound healing, enhance immune function and reduce the incidence of complications. This study aimed to investigate the effects of feed containing yak meat on scalded rats' body condition and wound healing. Methods: Adopting a two-factor factorial design, the growth performance, food intake, body weight, and Lee's index of rats were measured. The wound conditions of scalded rats with different feeds (basic, basic + yak meat, and basic + yellow beef) were observed at different periods, and their wounds' hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining states were detected. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells and apoptosis were analyzed to evaluate the effects of feed on the wound healing of scalded rats. Results: The feed intake was the highest in the yellow beef feed group and the lowest in the yak meat feed group. The body weight was the highest in the yak meat feed group and the lowest in the yellow beef feed group. Furthermore, 45 days after scalding, the obesity index in the yak beef feed group was the closest to that of the rats before scalding. The wound recovery of the rats in the yak meat feed group was the best at 30 days, and the H&E staining results also proved that the recovery effect of the scalded rats in the yak meat feed group was better than other two groups. According to the results of PCNA and apoptosis, the yak meat feed group had lower positive cell rate and faster wound healing. Conclusion: The rats in the yak meat feed group recovered better than those in the other groups, and the yak beef feed had the best effect on the wound healing of the scalded rats.

Enabling Peroxygenase Activity in Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases by Engineering Hydrogen Peroxide Tunnels.

Given prominent physicochemical similarities between H2O2 and water, we report a new strategy for promoting the peroxygenase activity of P450 enzymes by engineering their water tunnels to facilitate H2O2 access to the heme center buried therein. Specifically, the H2O2-driven activities of two native NADH-dependent P450 enzymes (CYP199A4 and CYP153AM.aq) increase significantly (by >183-fold and >15-fold, respectively). Additionally, the amount of H2O2 required for an artificial P450 peroxygenase facilitated by a dual-functional small molecule to obtain the desired product is reduced by 95%-97.5% (with ∼95% coupling efficiency). Structural analysis suggests that mutating the residue at the bottleneck of the water tunnel may open a second pathway for H2O2 to flow to the heme center (in addition to the natural substrate tunnel). This study highlights a promising, generalizable strategy whereby P450 monooxygenases can be modified to adopt peroxygenase activity through H2O2 tunnel engineering, thus broadening the application scope of P450s in synthetic chemistry and synthetic biology.

Pattern recognition receptor mediated innate immune response requires a Rif-dependent pathway.

Small GTPases play critical roles in cell morphology, movement, and adhesion by dynamic regulation of actin cytoskeleton. The small Rho GTPase Rif/RhoF (Rho in filopodia) regulates the formation of filopodia and stress fibers in cells. Rif is highly expressed in a number of cell types in the immune system; however, it's role in immune system function is unclear. In this research, we found that Rif expression is necessary for NF-κB activation in primary immune cells, and mature dendritic cell (mature DCs) induced from Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells (BMDCs) isolated from Rif knock out (Rif KO) mice displayed impaired degradation of I-κBα, as well as reduced TNF-α secretion and p38 MAPK phosphorylation under LPS stimulation. Interestingly, we revealed that TLR agonists, such as LPS and poly (I:C), as well as bacterial virulence factor SopE could induce a transient increase in Rif activation in monocytes THP-1 cells. Furthermore, Rif was found to be an integral part of the TLR4, TLR3 and nodosome signaling complex. We further identified Src tyrosine kinases as upstream activator of Rif in both bacterial and viral induced immune responses. Moreover, activated Rif induces activation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB, AP-1 and IRF-3, and mediates inflammation through secretion of IL-6, IL-8 or TNFα. Rif activation by PRRs contributes in a variety of ways to protective host responses against invading microbes. Taken together, this study reveals that Rif is indispensable for both extracellular and intracellular pattern-recognition receptor-mediated innate immune responses. Rif possess broad anti-pathogenic effect and understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which this small Rho GTPase interferes with innate immune system will be beneficial to develop therapies against infectious agents.

Mesoporous multi-valence manganese oxides composite nanotubes boosting long-life lithium-ion batteries.

Multi-component nano-oxide composite materials may present special synergistic effects as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Mesoporous ß-MnO2/Mn3O4 composite nanotubes are built here via controlling the deoxidation process of carbon-coating to induce a partial phase transition of high valence manganese dioxides. Compared to single ß-MnO2 nanotubes or Mn3O4@C nanotubes, the mesoporous ß-MnO2/Mn3O4@C composite nanotubes exhibit superior electrochemical properties. 679 mA h g-1 of reversible specific capacity and 86% of capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A g-1 current density are obtained. The excellent performance is attributed to the unique multiple phase transitions regulation phenomena of manganese oxide occurring in the ß-MnO2/Mn3O4 composite material during the electrochemical processes, which significantly extends the cycle life of the ß-MnO2/Mn3O4 composite material.

The antihyperlipidemic drug potassium piperonate impairs the migration and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells via the upregulation of miR-31.

Background: Breast cancer is the second cause of cancer death in women, and tumor metastasis is the primary cause of mortality. Due to the involvement of many regulatory molecules and signaling pathways, the occurrence and development of metastases needs to be further studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed small non-coding RNAs that have been shown to play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, as well as representing an attractive candidate for metastasis control. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of potassium piperonate (GBK) in impairing breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis by targeting miR-31. Methods: Breast cancer cells, either treated with GBK or left untreated, were assessed for migration and invasion capacities using wound healing and transwell assays. GBK-targeted miRNAs were identified and verified using RT-qPCR. Western blotting was used to validate the changes in expression levels of miR-31-targeted genes. Methylation specific PCR was performed to detect the effect of GBK on the methylation levels of the lncRNA LOC554202 host gene. The synergistic effect of GBK and the chemotherapy drug cisplatin (DDP) on breast cancer cells was verified using cell proliferation, colony formation, and RT-qPCR assays in vitro, and the tumor xenograft model in vivo. Results: We found that miR-31 was the main target of GBK. GBK treatment affected the epigenetic modification at CpG sites by downregulating DNA methyltransferases. Thus, the CpG-associated methylation levels of lncRNA LOC554202 decreased significantly, and in turn upregulated both miR-31 and its host gene LOC554202 in breast cancer cells. We also observed the significant inhibition of miR-31-targeted genes following GBK treatment, including RHOA, WAVE3, and SATB2, with functions closely related to cancer cell invasion, migration, and proliferation. Furthermore, we revealed that the combination of GBK and DDP had a synergistic effect on inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, especially in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Conclusions: This study investigated the target of GBK in the inhibition of breast cancer migration and invasion, and the underlying mechanisms involved, providing theoretical support for the development of GBK as an auxiliary drug for clinical treatment.

Cadmium uptake by a hyperaccumulator and three Pennisetum grasses with associated rhizosphere effects.

Pennisetum grasses (P. purpureum Schumach. 'Purple', P. alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. 'Liren' and P. alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. 'Changsui'), and a cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator (Thlaspi caerulescens J.Presl & C.Presl), were grown in soil with four Cd addition levels of 0, 2, 20 and 200 mg/kg. Toxicity symptoms were not observed although growth of all plants decreased as Cd addition increased. Shoot bioconcentration factor (BCFS), the translocation factor (TF) and shoot accumulation of Cd for most plants first increased and then declined as Cd concentrations increased. In contrast, the root bioconcentration factor (BCFR) for T. caerulescens declined and root Cd accumulation for T. caerulescens and two P. alopecuroides cultivars increased consistently as Cd levels increased. P. purpureum had the largest biomass with shoot Cd accumulation similar to that of T. caerulescens, despite lower foliar Cd concentration. Although shoot Cd concentrations of two P. alopecuroides cultivars were lower than for P. purpureum, root Cd concentrations were greater. P. purpureum had Cd BCFS and TF (> 1) at 2- and 20-mg/kg Cd addition treatments, similar to T. caerulescens. P. alopecuroides cultivars had Cd BCFR (> 1) and TF (< 1) at all Cd levels. Roots did not affect rhizosphere pH. However, concentrations of acid extractable Cd in rhizosphere soil were lower than those of corresponding non-rhizosphere soil at all Cd levels for T. caerulescens and P. purpureum; T. caerulescens and P. purpureum did not affect less bioavailable Cd fractions. Concentrations of acid extractable Cd in the rhizosphere of the P. alopecuroides cultivars were not reduced at any Cd level. Differences in Cd accumulation among the three Pennisetum grasses were mainly attributable to root biomass and Cd TFs rather than rhizosphere Cd mobility.

Combination of pipette tip solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography for determination of plant growth regulators in food samples based on the electrospun covalent organic framework/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber as highly efficient sorbent.

Facile and sensitive determination of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in food samples is important but still remains great challenge. Herein, a pipette tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) method was developed for fast and sensitively detecting PGRs. The PT-SPE adsorbent was prepared by integrating a novel covalent organic framework (COF) of schiff base network 3 (SNW-3) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) through electrospinning. The SNW-3 can easily adsorb PGRs with high special affinity through electrovalent bands between the ammonium ions of SNW-3 and the carboxy groups of PGRs. The polymer of PAN acts as scaffold material for SNW-3, which can lower seepage pressure hence accelerates adsorption/desorption kinetics. By combination with HPLC-DAD, a satisfactory method was successfully developed for simultaneous determination of ten PGRs in watermelon. Good analytical performances were achieved with this proposed method, including good linearity (5-500 ng/mL) with high correlation coefficients (R ≥ 0.9981), low limits of detection (S/N = 3, 0.24-3.19 ng/mL) and limits of quantification (S/N = 10, 1.65-5.72 ng/mL), satisfactory precision (intra-day RSDs ≤ 2.7%, inter-day RSDs ≤ 3.7%), and high accuracy (recovery: 82.8-113.0%). The method developed in this study shows high potential for design of high target-affinity adsorbents for food sample preparing.

Lysophosphatidic Acid-Induced EGFR Transactivation Promotes Gastric Cancer Cell DNA Replication by Stabilizing Geminin in the S Phase.

Geminin, an inhibitor of the DNA replication licensing factor, chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor (Cdt) 1, is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. As a multifunctional protein, geminin is also involved in tumor progression, but the molecular details are largely unknown. Here, we found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced upregulation of geminin was specific to gastric cancer cells. LPA acted via LPA receptor (LPAR) 3 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) signaling to transactivate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (Y1173) and thereby stabilize geminin expression level during the S phase. LPA also induced the expression of deubiquitinating protein (DUB) 3, which prevented geminin degradation. These results reveal a novel mechanism underlying gastric cancer progression that involves the regulation of geminin stability by LPA-induced EGFR transactivation and provide potential targets for the signaling pathway and tumor cell-specific inhibitors.

Compatible stealth design of infrared and radar based on plasmonic absorption structure.

In this paper, a metamaterial structure with radar and infrared (IR) compatible stealth characteristics is designed based on the principle of plasmonic absorbing structure (PAS). Due to the lack of reports on PAS-based IR radar compatible stealth, this article combines PAS and IR frequency selective surfaces to achieve the desired purpose. Through mathematical modeling and dispersion engineering of the unit cell proposed, a PAS with ultra-wideband wave absorption is realized. The low emissivity of the IR atmospheric window band is realized by means of the simulation and analysis of the IR frequency selective surface with different indium tin oxide (ITO) occupation ratios. The absorptivity of designed structure is higher than 90% from 4GHz to 28.6GHz, and the emissivity of the IR atmospheric window is only 0.3. The experience of the fabricated sample is consistent with the theoretical analysis and the simulation. Our method enriches the implementation strategies of radar-IR compatibility and has reference significance for multi-spectrum compatible stealth.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Absolute and Relative Values of Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged and Elderly Women.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases with age, obesity, low physical activity, and decreased muscle strength. Although many studies have reported on grip strength and MetS, few studies have been conducted on leg strength. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of MetS according to absolute and relative leg strength values in middle-aged and older women. The participants were 1053 women who visited the healthcare center: middle-aged (n = 453) and older (n = 601). MetS was diagnosed using the criteria established by the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the World Health Organization's Asia Pacific guidelines for waist circumference. For leg strength, knee flexion and extension were performed using isokinetic equipment. Grip strength was measured using a grip dynamometer and classified into quartiles. Analysis of prevalence using logistic regression showed that MetS was present in 21.2% of middle-aged and 39.4% of older women. The lowest relative leg extension increased 2.5 times in the middle-aged and 1.5 times in older women (p < 0.05). However, leg flexion did not have a significant prevalence in either age group. The prevalence of MetS in middle-aged and older women with the lowest relative grip strength increased 1.5 and 1.2 times, respectively. Conversely, the lower the absolute leg extension strength, the lower the MetS prevalence was at 0.520 in middle-aged and 0.566 in older women (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of MetS increased in women with low relative grip and leg strengths. Specifically, the lower the relative leg extension muscle strength, the higher the prevalence of MetS. In addition, the prevalence of MetS increased in the high-frequency alcohol consumption and non-physical activity group.

Ultra-wideband flexible transparent metamaterial with wide-angle microwave absorption and low infrared emissivity.

Optically transparent metamaterials with the performance of infrared radar compatible stealth have been designed and manufactured on the basis of the continuous in-depth research on single-band stealth technology. In this paper, metamaterials are designed through theoretical calculations and modeling simulations. The designed structure can achieve higher than 90% broadband (8.7-32 GHz) absorption at wide-angle (45 degrees), emissivity of 0.3 in infrared atmospheric window, and optical transparency. In addition, the material can be bent, which greatly expands its application scenarios. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculation and simulation results.

Naphthalimide Derivative-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework for Highly Sensitive and Selective Determination of Aldehyde by Space Confinement-Induced Sensitivity Enhancement Effect.

Facile and sensitive determination of formaldehyde (FA) in indoor environments still remains challenging. Herein, a fluorescent probe, termed PHN@MOF, was synthesized by embedding the fluorescent molecule of N-propyl-4-hydrazine-naphthalimide (PHN) into a metal-organic framework (MOF) for sensitive and visual monitoring of FA. The hydrazine group of PHN acts as the specific reaction group with FA based on the condensation reaction. The host of MOF (UiO-66-NH2) offers the surrounding confinement space required for the reaction. Owing to the enrichment effect and molecular sieve selection of UiO-66-NH2 to FA, PHN@MOF, compared with free PHN, exhibits very high sensitivity and selectivity based on space confinement-induced sensitivity enhancement (SCISE). Moreover, the fluorescence of UiO-66-NH2 offers a reference signal for FA detection. Using this ratiometric fluorescent PHN@MOF probe, a colorimetric gel plate and test paper were developed and used to visually monitor FA in air.

Effects of grazing mixed-grass pastures on growth performance, immune responses, and intestinal microbiota in free-range Beijing-you chickens.

There is an increasing interest in free-range poultry with the increasing focus on food safety and animal welfare. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of grazing mixed-grass pastures on growth performance, immune responses, and intestinal microbiota in free-range laying chickens. Ten-week-old female Beijing-you chickens were blocked by the BW and randomly assigned to 3 free-range systems in poplar plantations for 120 d: forage-removed paddocks with a high stocking density of 5 m2/hen (control [CK]); mixed-grass pastures with a low stocking density of 6 m2/hen ;or mixed-grass pastures with a high stocking density of 5 m2/hen. Intestinal microbial community analysis was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. The results revealed that no differences (P > 0.05) were found between the 3 raising systems for the BW and ADG. Chickens grazing mixed-grass pastures exhibited decreased (P > 0.05) mortality and improved immune responses as evidenced by increased T-lymphocyte proliferation (P > 0.05) and immunoglobulin A (P > 0.05) and immunoglobulin M concentrations (P < 0.05) compared with those raised in forage-removed paddocks. Metagenomic analysis indicated that grazing mixed-grass pastures regulated the intestinal microbiota by increasing the prevalence of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, and reducing potentially pathogenic bacteria population, such as the Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group compared with the CK. Therefore, this study indicated that grazing mixed-grass pastures could positively influence intestinal microbiota that may contribute to the overall growth and immunity of free-range chickens and that a low stocking density of 6 m2/hen was optimal to Beijing-you chickens grazing mixed-grass pastures.

New Gnamptodontinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from China and Vietnam, with two genera new for China and seven new species.

The genus Pseudognaptodon Fischer, 1965 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Gnamptodontinae) is reported for the first time from the Palaearctic region, Neognamptodon Belokobylskij, 1999 is new for the Oriental region and both genera are new for China. Seven new species are described and fully illustrated: Pseudognaptodon sinensis Tan van Achterberg, sp. n. from China (Shaanxi), P. curvinervis van Achterberg, sp. n., P. bidoupensis van Achterberg, sp. n., P. longi van Achterberg, sp. n. from Vietnam, Neognamptodon laticauda Tan van Achterberg, sp. n. from China (Yunnan), Tamdaona brevizona van Achterberg, sp. n. and T. sculpturata van Achterberg, sp. n. from Vietnam. A key to the tribes and genera of the Gnamptodontinae are given, together with keys to species of Pseudognaptodon (Old World), Neognamptodon, and Tamdaona Belokobylskij, 1994.                The phylogeny and distribution of the Gnamptodontinae is discussed, Tamdaona Belokobylskij, is transferred from the Exothecinae to the Gnamptodontinae, and included in a new tribe, Tamdaonini van Achterberg, trib. n., together with Neognamptodon Belokobylskij. Gnamptodon novobritannicus Fischer, 1971, from Bismarck Archipelago is transferred to the latter genus (Neognamptodon novobritannicus (Fischer, 1971) comb. n.). Pseudognaptodon striatus Williams, 2004 (not P. striatus Braga Penteado-Dias, 2002), is renamed P. williamsi van Achterberg, nom. n., and P. carinatus Williams, 2004 (not P. carinatus Cirelli Penteado-Dias, 2002) is renamed P. carinatoides van Achterberg, nom. n. Tobiasnusa Papp, 2004, is a new synonym of Alysdacnusa Tobias Perepetchayenko, 1995 (syn. n.) and Alysdacnusa atomus (Papp, 2004) is a new combination (comb. n.).

Sexual variation in two species of Helorus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Heloridae) from NW China, with description of female of Helorus caii He amp; Xu.

The intra-specific variation of two species of Helorus Latreille (Hymenoptera, Heloridae) from NW China is studied and for the first time the sexual variation in Chinese Helorus species is described. Both sexes of Helorus antefurcalis He Xu, 2015 (new for Shaanxi) and H. caii He Xu, 2015 (up to now only known from one male), are described and illustrated. Helorus xinjiangensis He Xu, [June] 2015, is a new junior synonym of H. alborzicus Izadizadeh, van Achterberg Talebi, [April] 2015 and H. elgoni Risbec, 1950, is re-instated as valid species. A revised key to the Old World species of Helorus Latreille (except Australian region) is included.