[Birth defects on Chernobyl radionuclide polluted territories].

147318 pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in Zhytomyrska Oblast during 2000-2010; the descriptive analysis was performed. The frequency of birth defects was estimated among newborns, still-born babies and abortions due to genetic disorders of a fetus on "clean" and polluted territories. There was an increase of all birth defects on the polluted territories; among newborns it was (26.10 ± 0.80) per thousand and (24.23 ± 0.47) per thousand, p < 0.05; among newborns and still-born babies it was (26.54 ± 0.81) per thousand and (24.78 ± 0.48) per thousand, p < 0.06. The increase in the birth defects of the nervous system was detected: among newborns it was (1.09 ± 0.17) per thousand and (0.75 ± 0.08) per thousand, p < 0.05; among newborns and still-born babies it was (1.22 ± 0.18) per thousand and (0.81 ± 0.09) per thousand, p. < 0.05; among newborns, still-born babies and genetically caused abortions it was 2.76 ± 0.26) per thousand and (2.34 ? 0.15) per thousand, p = 0.165. Χ2 criteria confirmed the difference between the frequency of birth defects on "clean" and polluted territories. Estimation by Bayes did not confirm the hypothesis about the difference between the frequency of birth defects on "clean" and polluted territories. Endocrine diseases were confirmed to be an important factor of the origin of birth defects, which is important for planning pregnancy on both polluted and "clean" territories.

[Health and environment: the need and opportunity for the evaluation of the influence of environmental factors on the state of the population genofond in Ukraine].

In connection with the drastically changed the human environment, including in connection with pollution by mutagenic and teratogenic factors of different origin, the majority of the population, including in Ukraine, is posed in different living conditions in comparison with previous generations. The recognizance of epigenetic impacts and the possibility of their inheritance significantly increased the role of environmental factors in ensuring human health of both present and future generations. There has been proposed the system of assessment of the status and reproduction of the genofond of the population consisting of assessment of the level of natality, determination of the proportion of persons of optimal reproductive age and children, calculation of the frequency and risk of congenital malformations, spontaneous abortions of the first trimester of gestation, infertile marriages, as well as identification of priority risk factors of formation of pathology, analysis of anthropometric parameters of newborns and comparison them with data characterizing the previous generation. The work of the system is based on existing statistical databases, it requires qualitative level diagnostics and the accounting of congenital malformations, as well as creation registries of congenital malformations, spontaneous abortions and infertile marriages.

[Improvement of methods for assessing public health; use of the parameters of standardized and cumulative risks of death].

The paper gives the results of an analysis of interval estimations of the indices and age-adjusted structure of malignancy mortality, by using direct, indirect, and cumulative standardization methods. General trends in cancer mortality have been revealed and an excess risk of cancer deaths and the structural features of mortality due to cancer of the respiratory system and chest and gender-specific pathology: breast cancer in females and prostate cancer in males have been assessed in the Kiev Region in 1980-2003.

[On the mechanism of cytogenetic effect of electromagnetic radiation: a role of oxidation homeostasis]. / K mekhanizmu tsitogeneticheskogo deistviia élektromagnitnogo izlucheniia: rol' okislennogo gomeostaza.

It was established in the experiments on rats that the changes in free radical oxidation under the influence of non-ionizing radiation had a wavy character. It was revealed that the changes in oxidation homeostasis preceded development of cytogenetic effects and could be their reason.

[Dynamic of marriage structure in three cities of Ukraine from 1960 to 1992]. / Dinamika brachnoi struktury naseleniia trekh gorodov Ukrainy v period s 1960 po 1992g.

Marriage structure was studied in the city of Kiev and in two cities of the Sumy oblast, Shostka and Trostyanets. Ethnic affiliations and birthplaces of persons contracting marriage were analyzed as the main characteristics of population genetic diversity. The ethnic composition of persons contracting marriage and the proportions of mono- and interethnic marriages remained almost unchanged during one generation. The majority of the persons contracting marriage were Ukrainians (66-91%); among other ethnic groups, only Russians considerably contributed to ethnic diversity (up to 26%). During the period studied, coefficients of marital migration substantially decreased in Kiev (from 0.66-0.82 to 0.34) and Shostka (from 0.72 to 0.52) and changed only insignificantly in Trostyanets. Outbreeding was estimated based on the migration parameters, exogamy level, and marital migration distances. The outbreeding level in the Shostka population (100,000 people) was comparable with that for the considerably larger Kiev population (two million people); however, it was significantly higher than that for the Trostyanets population, the size of which was close to the size of the Shostka population. It is supposed that "migration stress" may unfavorably affect the adaptive genetic structure of the Shostka population.

[The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in children of different regions of Ukraine]. / Rasprostranennost' sakharnogo diabeta u detei razlichnykh regionov Ukrainy.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the children of Ukraine increased by 7% during the period from 1985 to 1992. The incidence that are revealed each year does not change. Different regions are significantly distinct from each other. The high and stable level of this disease incidence in Cherkassy Province, including cases revealed for the first time, two times exceeds these indices for Ukraine that attracts considerable interest.

[The distribution of histocompatibility antigens among donors (the city of Kiev)]. / Raspredelenie antigenov gistosovmestimosti u donorov (g. Kiev).

It was shown that the most frequent HLA antigens among Kiev residents are: in the locus A--antigen A2 (36.33%), A1 (25.0%), in the locus B--B8 (20.33%), B13 (17.33%), in the locus C--CW4 (18.0%) and CW2 (12.33%). The frequency of B5 antigen decreased from 26.67 to 11.67% and B12 antigen from 30.33 to 10.67% for the last 10 years. These data may be used as a control for to study the association of histocompatibility antigen system with the human pathology and for the formation of risk groups at some diseases.

[The modifying action of a complex of physiologically active substances isolated from the human amnion on chromosome damage]. / Modifitsruiushchee vliianie kompleksa fiziologicheski aktivnykh veshchestv, vydelennykh iz amniona cheloveka, na povrezhdenie khromosom.

It was determined that the complex of physiological active substances separated from human amnion reduced the frequency of the hepatocytes with chromosomal aberrations in rats. This reduction of chromosomal damages was noted at spontaneous and induced mutagenesis. The value of cytogenetical effect, the availability of raw material and the natural origin of the drug allow to propose it for further study and use as modifier of mutagenic action.

[The cytogenetic action of electromagnetic fields in the short-wave range]. / O tsitogeneticheskom deistvii élektromagnitnykh polei korotkovolnovogo diapazona.

Electromagnetic field (EMF) at a frequency of 24 or 14 MEGC and intensity of 400 or 200 V/m, increases numbers of hepatocytes from rats with chromosomal aberrations 1.4-1.5-fold. The magnitude of the response does not appear to change with the increase in the field intensity EMF at the above frequencies and intensity of 100 V/m does not cause any cytogenetic effects. No such effects were notable with EMF-frequency of 4 MEGC.

[The effect of thyroid and gonadal hormones on the chromosomal integrity of liver cells]. / Vliianie nekotorykh gormonov shchitovidnoi zhelezy i gonad na tselostnost' khromosom kletok pecheni.

The materials presented as well as the data of the author's previous investigations indicate different cytogenetic importance of the basic hormones of the thyroid and sexual glands (thyroxine, testosterone, and estradiol) when they are used in physiologic doses. Thyroxine possesses mutagenic and antimutagenic properties, testosterone possesses only mutagenic ones, while estradiol has no effect on chromosome integrity.

[Cytogenetic changes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in people with impaired thyroid status]. / Tsitogeneticheskie izmeneniia v limfotsitakh periferichskoi krovi lits s narushennym tireoidnyum statusom.

Increased counts of cells with chromosome aberrations were revealed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of subjects with thyroid dysfunction: 5.5 +/- 0.6% in hypothyrosis, 9.0 +/- 1.8% in hyperthyroidism, and 2.5 +/- 0.1% in controls (20 donors). The aberrations are mainly presented by paired and solitary fragments, rarely by chromatid translocations; in two patients with hyperthyroidism dicentrics were detected. Distribution of aberration types varied. In hypothyrosis chromosome aberrations were two times more incident than chromatid ones. In hyperthyroidism chromosome and chromatid aberrations were approximately equally incident. These results may be used to explain the causes of unfavorable outcomes of pregnancy in patients with thyroid diseases.

[Hygienic evaluation of working conditions in present-day production of welding electrodes]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka uslovii truda v sovremennom proizvodstve svarochnykh élektrodov.

Complex of unhealthy factors in the welding electrodes production was estimated. The leading ones are the high level of the noise and high concentration of the manganese dioxide aerosol in air. Toxicochemistry of the action of these factors was discussed.

[The cytogenetic effects of separate and combined exposures to a manganese dioxide aerosol and wide-band noise]. / Tsitogeneticheskie éffekty razdel'nogo i sochetannogo vozdeistviia aérozolia dvuokisi margantsa i shirokopolosnogo shuma.

Negative cytogenetic effects of manganese dioxide aerosol and noise (40-12,000 Hz, 80-100 dB) were studied. The modification of aerosol's effects by the noise was found.

[The biological effect of low-frequency noise (cytogenetic and immunologic studies)]. / O biologicheskom deistvii nizkochastotnogo shuma (tsitogeneticheskie i immunologicheskie issledovaniia).

The study revealed that during 3 months noise with the frequency of 31.5 Hz and intensity of 90 dB modified the integrity of hepatocyte chromosomes, activated C-chair and oppressed B-chain immunity of white random-bred male rats aged 3-4 months.

[Cytogenetic effects of wide-range noise]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe deistvie shirokopolosnogo shuma.

Noise at 40-12,000 hz frequency and 100 dBA with maximums in medium and high frequency ranges, maintained for 3 months and 4 hours per day did not change the number of chromosome aberration cells in the spinal marrow, but decreased by 1,3 the number of the aberrant hepatocytes in male rats. This was apparently caused by the mitotic activity of the liver parenchyma and related elimination of the damaged cells. The noise maintained for 4 months caused an increase by 1,7 in aberrant hepatocytes. This cytogenetic effect is regarded as potentially dangerous.

[Cytogenetic effect of testosterone on rat hepatocytes]. / Tsitogeneticheskoe vliianie testosterona na kletki pecheni krys.

The capacity of testosterone administered in vivo in the form of testosterone propionate (TP), to modify chromosome integrity and a search for certain conditions under which the hormone manifested cytogenetic activity, were determined. TP was administered at a single dose or for 12 days at various doses to random bred albino male rats aged 3-4.5 mos. Single administration of the hormone to animals aged 4-4.5 mos. did not result in an increase in the number of hepatocytes with chromosome aberrations even at a dose exceeding 6-7-fold daily production. However after daily administration for 12 days at a dose exceeding only twice the daily one, TP increased 1.5-fold the number of cells with damaged chromosomes. In animals aged 3-3.5 mos. the same scheme of administration of TP turned out ineffective. The results obtained are under discussion.

[Role of the thyroid gland in developing the genetic effects of microwaves of nonthermal intensity]. / O roli shchitovidnoi zhelezy v razvitii geneticheskikh éffektov mikrovoln neteplovoi intensivnosti.

Thyroidectomy was shown to prevent the development of the antimutagenic effect in rats exposed to microwaves. At the same time, exposure to the electromagnetic field decreased the mutagenic effect of excess thyroxin administered during irradiation.

[Effect of microwaves of nonthermal intensity on the number of aberrant hepatocytes in rats]. / Vliianie mikrovoln neteplovoi intensivnosti na chislo aberrantnykh gepatotsitov u krys.

It was shown on rats that the effect of permanently generated electromagnetic field (a whole-body exposure) during 45 days (7h a day, the energy flux density of 10 microW/cm2) caused a decrease in number of hepatocytes with the affected chromosomes. Some part of animals exposed to higher energy loading (PD - 50 microW/cm2, 20 days, 7 h/day) showed the increase of aberrant cells level. A single exposure at 500 microW/cm2 and a ten-fold exposure at 50 microW/cm2 (10 days, 7h a day) were shown to be ineffective.