RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Brazil has one of the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Rio Grande do Sul (RS) in southern Brazil is one of the leading states in terms of case numbers. As part of the national public health network, the State Central Laboratory (LACEN-RS) changed its routine in 2020 to focus on the diagnosis of COVID-19. This study evaluated the laboratory surveillance of COVID-19 suspected cases analyzed at the LACEN-RS in 2020. METHODS: Viral detection was performed using RT-qPCR in samples from patients with respiratory infection who met the study criteria. Viral RNA was isolated using commercial manual kits or automated extractors, and SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR was performed using the Bio-Manguinhos/Rio de Janeiro, IBMP/Paraná, or Allplex 2019-nCoV assay. In total, 360 representative SARS-CoV-2 samples were sequenced using the Illumina platform. RESULTS: In total, 31,197 of 107,578 (positivity rate = 29%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The number of RT-qPCR tests performed per month followed the COVID-19 epidemic curve observed for the state, with peaks in July-August and December. Females accounted for 63% of the samples, whereas the positivity rate was higher among males (33.1% males vs. 26.5% females). The positivity rate was higher in adults aged 50-79 years compared to the overall positivity rate. The majority of cases were observed in the capital, Porto Alegre, and the metropolitan region. Ten distinct lineages were identified, with B.1.1.28, B.1.1.33, and P.2 being the most frequent. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we describe laboratory surveillance of COVID-19 to identify priorities for epidemiological surveillance actions in RS.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Brasil/epidemiología , Pandemias , LaboratoriosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Background: Brazil has one of the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Rio Grande do Sul (RS) in southern Brazil is one of the leading states in terms of case numbers. As part of the national public health network, the State Central Laboratory (LACEN-RS) changed its routine in 2020 to focus on the diagnosis of COVID-19. This study evaluated the laboratory surveillance of COVID-19 suspected cases analyzed at the LACEN-RS in 2020. Methods: Viral detection was performed using RT-qPCR in samples from patients with respiratory infection who met the study criteria. Viral RNA was isolated using commercial manual kits or automated extractors, and SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR was performed using the Bio-Manguinhos/Rio de Janeiro, IBMP/Paraná, or Allplex 2019-nCoV assay. In total, 360 representative SARS-CoV-2 samples were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Results: In total, 31,197 of 107,578 (positivity rate = 29%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The number of RT-qPCR tests performed per month followed the COVID-19 epidemic curve observed for the state, with peaks in July-August and December. Females accounted for 63% of the samples, whereas the positivity rate was higher among males (33.1% males vs. 26.5% females). The positivity rate was higher in adults aged 50-79 years compared to the overall positivity rate. The majority of cases were observed in the capital, Porto Alegre, and the metropolitan region. Ten distinct lineages were identified, with B.1.1.28, B.1.1.33, and P.2 being the most frequent. Conclusions: Here, we describe laboratory surveillance of COVID-19 to identify priorities for epidemiological surveillance actions in RS.
RESUMEN
We describe 2 human cases of infection with a new Neisseria species (putatively N. brasiliensis), 1 of which involved bacteremia. Genomic analyses found that both isolates were distinct strains of the same species, were closely related to N. iguanae, and contained a capsule synthesis operon similar to N. meningitidis.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Meningocócicas/diagnóstico , Neisseria/aislamiento & purificación , Anciano , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neisseria/genéticaRESUMEN
Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonotic disease in Brazil and is widespread throughout rural populations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This study aimed to identify presumptive infecting Leptospira serogroups in human and animal cases and describe their occurrences within the ecoregions of the state by animal species. Data for human and animal leptospirosis cases were gathered from the government's passive surveillance systems and presumptive infecting serogroups were identified based on a two-fold titer difference in serogroups in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) panel. A total of 22 different serogroups were reported across both human and animal cases. Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most common among humans, while serogroup Sejroe predominated among animal cases, particularly bovines. Each ecoregion had a large distribution of cases, with 51% of the human cases in the Paranaâ»Paraiba ecoregion, and 81% of the animal cases in the Savannah ecoregion. Identifying and mapping the serogroups circulating using the One Health approach is the first step for further understanding the distribution of the disease in the state. This study has the potential to aid in guiding public health and agricultural practices, furthering the need for a human vaccine in high-risk populations to complement control and prevention efforts.
RESUMEN
This study investigated the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in urine cultures from 38 hospitalized patients. Nine serotypes were detected, and a large proportion was Typhimurium and Enteritidis. The strains presented resistance to 11 different antibiotics. Thirteen isolates (11 from serotype Typhimurium) exhibited multidrug resistance.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/fisiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Salmonella enteritidis/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Orina/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Salmonella/orina , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificación , Serotipificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: Nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes are the main cause of human food-borne infection, including several hospitalization cases in the developing countries. Aim: To detect the main serotypes and to characterize the antibiotic resistance of human non-enteric and enteric nontyphoidal Salmonella from clinical isolates in Brazil. Methods: Salmonella serotypes were identified by microbiological and molecular methods. Susceptibility testing to antibiotics was performed by agar disk diffusion. Real-time PCRs were carried out for the detection of the genus Salmonella as well as serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Results: A total of 307 nontyphoidal Salmonella were isolated from 289 different patients in a reference laboratory (LACEN-RS) from Southern Brazil in a six-year period (2010-2015). There were 45 isolates from emerging cases and 244 from sporadic cases in hospitalized patients. Non-enteric isolates were detected in 42.6% of the patients from sources such as urine, blood and other clinical fluids. Serological and PCR-specific tests demonstrated that Typhimurium (48.4%) and Enteritidis (18.3%) were the most frequent serotypes. Typhimurium isolates were generally resistant to three or more antibiotic classes, while Enteritidis isolates to one or two classes. Typhimurium was the most frequent serotype in all samples (48.4%), mainly among the hospitalized patients (55.6%), and presented the highest rates of multidrug resistance (59.3% of the isolates of this serotype). Further, the prevalence of this serotype increased along the years of the study in comparison to other nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes. Conclusion: Greater public health attention should be given to prevent salmonellosis in the community and in hospital settings to reduce the rates of Typhimurium strains with multidrug resistance.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/epidemiología , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella enteritidis/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificación , Factores de Tiempo , Brasil/epidemiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Serotipificación , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Serogrupo , Antibacterianos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes are the main cause of human food-borne infection, including several hospitalization cases in the developing countries. AIM: To detect the main serotypes and to characterize the antibiotic resistance of human non-enteric and enteric nontyphoidal Salmonella from clinical isolates in Brazil. METHODS: Salmonella serotypes were identified by microbiological and molecular methods. Susceptibility testing to antibiotics was performed by agar disk diffusion. Real-time PCRs were carried out for the detection of the genus Salmonella as well as serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis. RESULTS: A total of 307 nontyphoidal Salmonella were isolated from 289 different patients in a reference laboratory (LACEN-RS) from Southern Brazil in a six-year period (2010-2015). There were 45 isolates from emerging cases and 244 from sporadic cases in hospitalized patients. Non-enteric isolates were detected in 42.6% of the patients from sources such as urine, blood and other clinical fluids. Serological and PCR-specific tests demonstrated that Typhimurium (48.4%) and Enteritidis (18.3%) were the most frequent serotypes. Typhimurium isolates were generally resistant to three or more antibiotic classes, while Enteritidis isolates to one or two classes. Typhimurium was the most frequent serotype in all samples (48.4%), mainly among the hospitalized patients (55.6%), and presented the highest rates of multidrug resistance (59.3% of the isolates of this serotype). Further, the prevalence of this serotype increased along the years of the study in comparison to other nontyphoidal Salmonella serotypes. CONCLUSION: Greater public health attention should be given to prevent salmonellosis in the community and in hospital settings to reduce the rates of Typhimurium strains with multidrug resistance.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por Salmonella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Salmonella enteritidis/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella typhimurium/aislamiento & purificación , Serogrupo , Serotipificación , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Between November 2013 and June 2014, 56 cases of bacteremia (15 deaths) associated with the use of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) and/or calcium gluconate (CG) were reported in four Brazilian states. METHODS: We analyzed 73 bacterial isolates from four states: 45 from blood, 25 from TPN and three from CG, originally identified as Acinetobacter baumannii, Rhizobium radiobacter, Pantoea sp. or Enterobacteriaceae using molecular methods. RESULTS: The first two bacterial species were confirmed while the third group of species could not be identified using standard identification protocols. These isolates were subsequently identified by Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis as Phytobacter diazotrophicus, a species related to strains from similar outbreaks in the United States in the 1970's. Within each species, TPN and blood isolates proved to be clonal, whereas the R. radiobacter isolates retrieved from CG were found to be unrelated. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a three-species outbreak caused by TPN contaminated with A. baumannii, R. radiobacter and P. diazotrophicus. The concomitant presence of clonal A. baumannii and P. diazotrophicus isolates in several TPN and blood samples, as well as the case of one patient, where all three different species were isolated simultaneously, suggest that the outbreak may be ascribed to a discrete contamination of TPN. In addition, this study highlights the clinical relevance of P. diazotrophicus, which has been involved in outbreaks in the past, but was often misidentified as P. agglomerans.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Acinetobacter/etiología , Acinetobacter baumannii/aislamiento & purificación , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/etiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/etiología , Pantoea/aislamiento & purificación , Nutrición Parenteral Total/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Acinetobacter/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Bacteriemia/etiología , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Brotes de Enfermedades , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tipificación Molecular , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION:: Leptospirosis is an important health concern in Brazil. Currently, information on the epidemiology of the disease in the rural areas of the country is lacking. METHODS:: Serological and molecular techniques were used to characterize a clinical isolate of Leptospira. RESULTS:: The strain CLEP 00060, isolated from a 59-year-old man in a rural area of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, was identified as belonging to L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok. CONCLUSIONS:: This study contributes to the local epidemiological knowledge of leptospirosis, prevention of the disease by vaccines, and improvements in its diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Leptospira/clasificación , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Pruebas de Aglutinación , Brasil , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Leptospira/genética , Leptospira/inmunología , Leptospirosis/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Filogenia , Población Rural , Serogrupo , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is an important health concern in Brazil. Currently, information on the epidemiology of the disease in the rural areas of the country is lacking. METHODS: Serological and molecular techniques were used to characterize a clinical isolate of Leptospira. RESULTS: The strain CLEP 00060, isolated from a 59-year-old man in a rural area of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, was identified as belonging to L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to the local epidemiological knowledge of leptospirosis, prevention of the disease by vaccines, and improvements in its diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Leptospira/clasificación , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Filogenia , Población Rural , Brasil , Pruebas de Aglutinación , Serotipificación , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Serogrupo , Leptospira/genética , Leptospira/inmunología , Leptospirosis/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Confirmar a ocorrência do surto, descrever suas características epidemiológicas e desencadear medidas de controle. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Brotes de Enfermedades , Vacunas Meningococicas/administración & dosificación , Cobertura de Vacunación , Infecciones Meningocócicas/prevención & control , Infecciones Meningocócicas/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Incidencia , Neisseria meningitidis Serogrupo CRESUMEN
We aimed to describe an early detection of OXA-370-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brazil. The isolate CCBH10079 belonged to ST17 and the blaOXA-370 was located in a plasmid of â 57kb.
Asunto(s)
Genotipo , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , beta-Lactamasas/genética , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , Brasil , Humanos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/clasificación , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Tipificación Molecular , Plásmidos/análisisAsunto(s)
Enterobacter/metabolismo , Animales , Azitromicina/farmacología , Brasil , Línea Celular , Glicopéptidos/farmacología , Humanos , Lipoglucopéptidos , Ratones , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo é confirmar a ocorrência de surto de Síndrome Gripal e descrever o surto em relação a tempo, lugar e pessoa. (AU)