Evaluating the effectiveness of university agricultural extension test stations using Wuli-Shili-Renli methodology / Avaliação da eficácia de estações de teste de extensão agrícola universitária usando a metodologia Wuli-Shili-Renli

Wuli-Shili-Renli (WSR) methodology was used to assess the effects of systematic management on university agricultural extension test stations, in order to understand areas for further optimization. We developed a framework model and evaluation index system, of which, the weights of the evaluation index system were determined using AHP. Using an agricultural extension test station of Hebei Agricultural University as an example, we interviewed and surveyed in total of 225 university extension experts from nine test stations. Assessment showed that the test station system organization produces desirable societal benefits and improvements. In addition, the organizational structure and job allocation were found to act as high-impact factors in improving the optimal system function, with the university extension experts functional better in the incentive and guarantee mechanism than other factors. Our investigation validated that the university extension experts were critical in designing the incentives and evaluation programs.(AU)

A metodologia Wuli-Shili-Renli (WSR) foi usada para avaliar os efeitos do manejo sistemático nas estações de teste de extensão agrícola da universidade, a fim de entender as áreas para maior otimização. Desenvolvemos um modelo de estrutura e um sistema de índices de avaliação, dos quais os pesos do sistema de índices de avaliação foram determinados com o AHP. Usando uma estação de teste de extensão agrícola da Universidade Agrícola de Hebei como exemplo, entrevistamos um total de 225 especialistas em extensão universitária de nove estações de teste. A avaliação mostrou que a organização do sistema da estação de teste produz benefícios e melhorias sociais desejáveis. Além disso, verificou-se que a estrutura organizacional e a alocação de cargos atuam como fatores de alto impacto na melhoria da função ótima do sistema, com os especialistas em extensão universitária funcionando melhor no mecanismo de incentivo e garantia do que outros fatores. Nossa investigação validou que os especialistas em extensão universitária eram críticos no desenho dos incentivos e programas de avaliação.(AU)

Characteristics and Mechanisms of Biosolubilization of Rock Phosphate by Aspergillus japonicus

ABSTRACT Rock phosphate (RP) is traditionally solubilized by chemical process causing high cost and environmental pollution. To reduce process cost and protect environment, RP solubilization by Aspergillus japonicus was studied and its mechanisms were discussed. Results show that A. japonicus could effectively solubilize RP in NBRIP medium. RP solubilization by A. japonicus included direct and indirect actions of the strain on RP. Cells of A. japonicus attached rapidly to RP surface and the RP surface was seriously corroded by the strain. A. japonicus excreted multiple organic acids, and followed by a significant increase of titratable acidity and decrease of pH in the culture. A positive correlation between content of soluble phosphate and quantity of titratable acidity but a negative correlation between content of soluble phosphate and pH were observed. Results of abiotic solubilization of RP using organic and inorganic acids indicated that the release of soluble phosphate was significantly lower than that of inoculated with A. japonicus. Higher release of soluble phosphate and pH reduction achieved when using ammonium nitrogen rather than nitrate nitrogen.