Evolution Operator Can Always Be Separated into the Product of Holonomy and Dynamic Operators.

The geometric phase is a fundamental quantity characterizing the holonomic feature of quantum systems. It is well known that the evolution operator of a quantum system undergoing a cyclic evolution can be simply written as the product of holonomic and dynamical components for the three special cases concerning the Berry phase, adiabatic non-Abelian geometric phase, and nonadiabatic Abelian geometric phase. However, for the most general case concerning the nonadiabatic non-Abelian geometric phase, how to separate the evolution operator into holonomic and dynamical components is a long-standing open problem. In this Letter, we solve this open problem. We show that the evolution operator of a quantum system can always be separated into the product of holonomy and dynamic operators. Based on it, we further derive a matrix representation of this separation formula for cyclic evolution, and give a necessary and sufficient condition for a general evolution being purely holonomic. Our finding is not only of theoretical interest itself, but also of vital importance for the application of quantum holonomy. It unifies the representations of all four types of evolution concerning the adiabatic/nonadiabatic Abelian/non-Abelian geometric phase, and provides a general approach to realizing purely holonomic evolution.

Monolayer Ge2Te2P4 as a promising photocatalyst for solar driven water-splitting: a DFT study.

The buckling hexagonal structure of Ge2Te2P4 was studied by first-principles calculations. The newly proposed structure was proven to be stable by analyzing its cohesive energy, phonon dispersion, elastic constants and AIMD results. Poisson's ratio of the Ge2Te2P4 monolayer is in the range 0.16-0.18, and Young's modulus is in the range 40.16-43.74 N m-1. The substituted Te atoms enhance the sp2 orbitals which strengthen the σ-bonds and therefore the thickness of the Ge2Te2P4 monolayer is smaller than that of monolayer GeP3. The Ge2Te2P4 monolayer has an indirect band gap of 1.85 eV, which can be narrowed by strains. The compressive band gaps from -2% to -4% change the electronic structure from the indirect band gap into the direct band gap. Strains can also increase the light absorption rate α(ω) in the visible region, which is 2-3 × 105 cm-1 at equilibrium. The Ge2Te2P4 monolayer has a suitable band gap and an appropriate VBM and CBM position for hydrogen generation. Under strain rate of 4% and higher, the VBM and CBM remain at suitable positions for hydrogen production. Another advantage of the Ge2Te2P4 monolayer is that its charge carrier mobilities are really high. The highest electron mobility is 1301.47 cm2 V-1 s-1, and the highest hole mobility is 28627.24 cm2 V-1 s-1, which are much higher than the mobility in monolayer GeP3. The Ge2Te2P4 monolayer has advantages for photocatalytic applications and it is necessary to perform further study on the material.

When a Dust Storm Is Not a Dust Storm: Reliability of Dust Records From the Storm Events Database and Implications for Geohealth Applications.

Windblown dust impacts human health, air quality, and climate. The National Weather Service Storm Events Database (SED) is a widely used dataset of significant or unusual weather, including dust storms (DS), and resulting deaths, injuries, and material losses in the USA. The SED is frequently used by medical, social, and atmospheric scientists. However, it is uncertain whether this dataset reliably represents spatial and temporal variations and trends of DS. Analyzing the SED from 2000 to 2020 identified 1,167 DS reports; removing reports of the same event from multiple locations left 647 DS in 21 USA states. The number of DS ranged from 12 in 2008 to 53 in 2018, with no strong interannual trends detected (R 2 was 0.3). By examining the DS events reported in the SED based on meteorological observations including wind speed, visibility, and weather codes, we determined that the SED was not only missing many DS (visibility <1 km), but also included many blowing dust (BLDU) events. 49.9% of 491 reported DS events in SED had visibility >1 km and were incorrectly reported as DS. Underrepresentation of DS and inclusion of BLDU may be partially due to the diverse sources contributing to the SED and a lack of verification of the reports and their consistency. Although the SED is an extremely useful and valuable database of impactful weather, including DS, the issues found in this study warrant caution in use of this dataset for many geohealth applications.

Oral Health Status of New Zealand Defence Force Recruits.

INTRODUCTION: The demands of operational deployment mean that defense force personnel must be dentally fit. Although medical evacuation for dental causes should be avoided, dental emergencies are a major non-combat-related contributor to withdrawal from deployment. Information on the oral health status of recruits and officer cadets entering the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) is scarce, yet it is useful for service and workforce planning. We investigated oral health status and its associations in new recruits and officer cadets entering the NZDF over a 13-month period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used data from recruits' initial dental examination (including baseline forensic charting), posterior bitewing radiographs, orthopantomograph radiograph, and a socio-dental questionnaire. The impaction status of third molar teeth was evaluated. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Otago Ethics Committee (reference number D18/200) and the NZDF Organisational Research Committee. RESULTS: Of the 874 (83%) of the 1,053 recruits (age range 17-59 years) who participated, one in five were Maori. Nearly two-thirds were Army recruits. Caries prevalence was almost 70%. Mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) (3.0 overall) was higher among females and Maori. Few teeth were missing due to caries. Third molars were common, seen in 745 (88.3%). One in four maxillary third molars (but only one in six mandibular ones) had fully erupted. The most common type of impaction among mandibular third molars was the mesioangular type, followed by vertical, horizontal, and distoangular. Almost 60% of recruits had one or more potentially problematic third molars. The prevalence was highest in the youngest age groups, those of medium or low socioeconomic status and in Army or Navy recruits. CONCLUSIONS: Recruits' oral health was acceptable, but potentially problematic third molars were common, indicating a need for careful assessment (and their possible removal) before operational deployment.

Relationship of Recurrence Rate with some Characteristics in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Determining the clinical and subclinical characteristics related to the recurrence status in patients with a thyroid carcinoma has great significance for prognosis, prediction of recurrence and monitoring of treatment outcomes. This study aimed to determine the association between recurrence rate and some characteristics in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted by descriptive method with longitudinal follow-up on 102 thyroid carcinoma patients at 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, from July 2013 to December 2016. Results: Univariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between the recurrence characteristics in the studied patients and the characteristics of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.026; OR = 15; 95% CI = 1.4-163.2) and BRAF V600E mutation status (P = 0.01; OR = 3.41; 95% CI = 1.31-8.88). When analysing the multivariable Logistic regression model, there was a positive correlation between the occurrence of BRAF V600E gene mutation (P = 0.032; OR = 17.649; 95% CI = 1.290-241.523) and male sex (P = 0.036; OR = 12.788; 95% CI = 1.185-137.961) and the occurrence of recurrence in study patients. The mean time to relapse was earlier in male patients than in female patients (P = 0.02). The mean time to relapse in patients with the BRAF V600E mutation (31.81 ± 1.14 months) was shorter than the mean time to relapse in the group without the mutation (57.82 ± 2.08 months) (P = 0.01). The group of patients with mutations in the BRAF V600E gene increased the risk of recurrence compared with the group without the mutation (HR = 9.14, P = 0.04). Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between recurrence and masculinity, lymph node metastasis and the occurrence of BRAF V600E mutations in thyroid carcinoma patients.

[Establishment of an animal model of Sparganum mansoni infection and study on therapeutic methods II Establishment of a mouse model of sparganosis mansoni via oral administration of procercoids].

OBJECTIVE: To establish an animal model of sparganosis mansoni through oral administration of Cyclops infected with procercoids. METHODS: Domestic cats were infected with Sparganum mansoni under laboratory conditions, and fresh cat stool samples were collected, washed in dechlorinated water, and filtered. Spirometra mansoni eggs were collected and prepared into suspensions. Twenty C57BL/6j mice were randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 5). Wild Cyclops were infected with Spirometra mansoni coracidia to allow 3 to 5 procercoids in each Cyclop. Then, each mouse in the experimental group was given 15 Cyclops infected with procercoids by gavage, while mice in the control group were orally administered with the same volume of dechlorinated water. All mice were sacrificed after 5 months, and dissected, and suspicious Sparganum mansoni worms were collected. The serum specific IgG antibody against Sparganum mansoni was measured in mice using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genomic DNA was isolated from suspicious Sparganum mansoni worms, and the specific Sparganum mansoni cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified using PCR assay. RESULTS: Among the 15 mice in the experimental group, six were positive for the serum specific IgG antibody against Sparganum mansoni, and milky white worms were found and collected from the subcutaneous regions of 4 out of 6 mice. Only one worm was detected in each mouse, and the worm morphology was similar to Sparganum mansoni. Capillary electrophoresis of the PCR amplification products of COI gene presented a specific band with 151 bp in size, and sequencing analysis revealed 100% homology with Sparganum mansoni. CONCLUSIONS: A mouse model of sparganosis mansoni is successfully created through oral administration of Cyclops infected with Spirometra mansoni procercoids.

[Takaki Kanehiro and the diet experiments of beriberi in navy in modern Japan].

Beriberi is a disease caused by insufficiency vitamin B1 in the body which, if untreated, can cause death. It was the disease with the highest incidence in the Japanese army during the Meiji and Taisho Periods. It was treated with a variety of therapeutic treatments by the Navy and the Army respectively, based on the different therapy systems of Britain and Germany at the time, with an argument about these treatments lasting more than half a century. Eventually, the Navy experimented with dietary modification for beriberi, according to Takagi Kanehiro, successfully reducing beriberi incidence to zero. This rewrote the epidemic history of beriberi in the Japanese Navy.

Expression of arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin o-methyltransferase (ASMT) in the corpus luteum of pregnant sows and synthesis of melatonin in luteal cells.

In vertebrates, melatonin is mainly synthesized from serotonin in the pineal gland. Many reports have documented that melatonin is also synthesized in the extra-pineal tissues, but the synthesis of melatonin in the corpus luteum (CL) of pregnant sows has never been studied. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), in the CL of sows during pregnancy and to investigate the synthesis of melatonin in luteal cells. Results showed that AANAT and ASMT were both expressed in the CL of sows during pregnancy, higher levels were observed in the early- and mid-stage CL, and the lowest abundance was found in the regressing CL (later-stage). The immunostaining for AANAT and ASMT was predominantly localized in the large luteal cells of porcine CL during pregnancy. Furthermore, melatonin was synthesized in luteal cells from serotonin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. And the expressions of AANAT and ASMT were upregulated by serotonin in luteal cells. In addition, progesterone (P4) secretion and cell viability were promoted in luteal cells treated with serotonin, and the stimulatory effects were blocked by luzindole (a non-selective MT1 and MT2 antagonist). Finally, the expressions of MT1 and MT2 were augmented by serotonin in luteal cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time the developmental expression of AANAT and ASMT in the CL and a local synthesis of melatonin in luteal cells of pregnant sows, and suggests a paracrine and/or autocrine role for melatonin in luteal function.

[Clinical application of a prefabricated interocclusal recording cap for making interocclusal records of implant-supported fixed prostheses].

Objective: To use a self-developed, prefabricated cap for making interocclusal records in implant-supported fixed prosthetic treatment, and to evaluate its effect of clinical application and accuracy of transferring intra-oral intercuspal position. Methods: Series of prefabricated caps for occlusal recording of implant-supported fixed prostheses were designed based on the healing abutments, and fabricated with three-dimensional (3D) printing. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 partially edentulous patients who visited the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between November 2020 and September 2021, had lost no fewer than 2 contiguous teeth in distal extension (Kennedy Class Ⅰ or Ⅱ), and had received implant placement 3 months ago were enrolled. Self-control study design was used. Two occlusal records of each included case were obtained by the following 2 methods: for the test group, appropriate prefabricated caps were used; and for the control group, polyvinyl siloxane occlusal record was directly set on the healing abutments. The working casts were mounted on the mechanical articulator using the 2 groups of occlusal records successively. Accuracy of occlusal relationship of the mounted casts was evaluated. Diagnostics test was performed to obtain the sensitivity and positive predictive value, which were determined in photographs by comparing the intra-oral occlusal contact points with those in the mounted casts, point-by-point. Virtual casts were taken by intraoral and extraoral scans in intercuspal position and imported to Geomagic Studio 2014. Then the root mean square values of occlusal clearance space between the upper and lower occlusal surfaces of remaining posterior teeth, and the deviations of the interocclusal position of the occlusal surfaces of the remaining teeth in the mandibular arches when superimposing the maxillary arches of the intraoral and extraoral scans were calculated. As a self-control design, paired t test was used. Results: Twelve participants were enrolled, including 3 men and 9 women aged (52.6±12.1) years, and 36 missing teeth. The prefabricated caps could fit on the healing abutments with good retention and stability. The sensitivity of the test group (0.73±0.14) was significantly better than that of control group (0.63±0.12,P<0.01), with no significant difference in positive predictive value between the 2 groups (P>0.05). The deviations of the interocclusal position of the occlusal surfaces of the remaining teeth were (357.0±140.2) µm for the test group, and (399.4±206.3) µm for the control group, with no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Conclusions: Interocclusal position record based on prefabricated cap in this study for implant-supported fixed prosthetic treatment can improve the consistency between the intra-oral occlusion and the occlusion in dental casts. This technique has good accuracy, clinical convenience and usability.

Bariatric surgery is expensive but improves co-morbidity: 5-year assessment of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery can be effective in weight reduction and diabetes remission in some patients, but is expensive. The costs of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were explored here. METHODS: Population-based retrospectively gathered data on patients with obesity and T2DM from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (2006-2017) were evaluated. Direct medical costs from baseline up to 60 months were calculated based on the frequency of healthcare service utilization and dispensing of diabetes medication. Charlson Co-morbidity Index (CCI) scores and co-morbidity rates were measured to compare changes in co-morbidities between surgically treated and control groups over 5 years. One-to-five propensity score matching was applied. RESULTS: Overall, 401 eligible surgical patients were matched with 1894 non-surgical patients. Direct medical costs were much higher for surgical than non-surgical patients in the index year (€36 752 and €5788 respectively; P < 0·001) mainly owing to the bariatric procedure. The 5-year cumulative costs incurred by surgical patients were also higher (€54 135 versus €28 603; P < 0·001). Although patients who had bariatric surgery had more visits to outpatient and allied health professionals than those who did not across the 5-year period, surgical patients had shorter length of stay in hospitals than non-surgical patients in year 2-5. Surgical patients had significantly better CCI scores than controls after the baseline measurement (mean 3·82 versus 4·38 at 5 years; P = 0·016). Costs of glucose-lowering medications were similar between two groups, except that surgical patients had significantly lower costs of glucose-lowering medications in year 2 (€973 versus €1395; P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery in obese patients with T2DM is expensive, but leads to an improved co-morbidity profile, and reduced length of hospitalization.

[Prevalence of Spirometra mansoni infections in hosts in Jiangsu Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of Spirometra mansoni infections in hosts in Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the scientific basis for the management of sparganosis mansoni. METHODS: From 2018 to 2019, nine counties (cities, districts) were randomly selected from Jiangsu Province as the survey sites, and 100 healthy individuals were randomly selected to perform the serological test of S. mansoni infections and the detection of S. mansoni eggs. The procercoids were detected in the intermediate host Cyclops, and the S. mansoni eggs were identified in the stool samples of the definitive hosts cats and dogs. RESULTS: The prevalence of S. mansoni human infections was 0 (0/900) in the 9 survey sites of Jiangsu Province, and the sero-prevalence of the specific IgG antibody against S. mansoni was 1.22% (11/900). The positive rate of procercoids was 0.33% (3/900) in Cyclops. In addition, the S. mansoni egg-positive rate was 1.48% (2/135) in cats and dogs. CONCLUSIONS: Sparganosis mansoni is prevalent in Jiangsu Province. Health education pertaining to the damages of sparganosis mansoni and the route of S. mansoni infections should be improved.

[Understanding and thinking about the current development of digital prosthodontic technology in China].

Digital prosthodontic technology has brought great changes to the prosthodontic technology in China by improving the quality of prostheses, adding new types of restorations, changing the manufacturing methods of restorations from handmade to computer-aided manufacturing, bringing new operating models of dental laboratories, and promoting the academic status of the prosthodontic technology. Digital prosthodontic technology still has some problems, such as insufficient precision for some manufacturing methods and shortage of professionals. Technicians and administrators of prosthodontic technology should face up to the problems and seize the opportunities, to improve the level of prosthodontic technology and train the highly educated professionals. At the same time, attentions should be payed to the advantages of the traditional prosthodontic technology while grasping the development of the digital prosthodontic technology. The dentists and the dental technicians should learn together and enhance communication to each other, to promote the progress of digital prosthodontic technology in China.

Toward the improvement of total nitrogen deposition budgets in the United States.

Frameworks for limiting ecosystem exposure to excess nutrients and acidity require accurate and complete deposition budgets of reactive nitrogen (Nr). While much progress has been made in developing total Nr deposition budgets for the U.S., current budgets remain limited by key data and knowledge gaps. Analysis of National Atmospheric Deposition Program Total Deposition (NADP/TDep) data illustrates several aspects of current Nr deposition that motivate additional research. Averaged across the continental U.S., dry deposition contributes slightly more (55%) to total deposition than wet deposition and is the dominant process (>90%) over broad areas of the Southwest and other arid regions of the West. Lack of dry deposition measurements imposes a reliance on models, resulting in a much higher degree of uncertainty relative to wet deposition which is routinely measured. As nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions continue to decline, reduced forms of inorganic nitrogen (NHx = NH3 + NH4+) now contribute >50% of total Nr deposition over large areas of the U.S. Expanded monitoring and additional process-level research are needed to better understand NHx deposition, its contribution to total Nr deposition budgets, and the processes by which reduced N deposits to ecosystems. Urban and suburban areas are hotspots where routine monitoring of oxidized and reduced Nr deposition is needed. Finally, deposition budgets have incomplete information about the speciation of atmospheric nitrogen; monitoring networks do not capture important forms of Nr such as organic nitrogen. Building on these themes, we detail the state of the science of Nr deposition budgets in the U.S. and highlight research priorities to improve deposition budgets in terms of monitoring and flux measurements, leaf- to regional-scale modeling, source apportionment, and characterization of deposition trends and patterns.

[Preliminary clinical application of complete digital workflow of design and manufacturing occlusal splint for sleep bruxism].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a complete workflow of digital design and manufacturing occlusal splint for sleep bruxism, which can be preliminarily applied in clinical use, thus observe the clinical efficacy. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with sleep bruxism were recruited in the study and randomly divided into two groups by using random number tables. Digital-occlusal-splint (experimental group) treatment plan and traditional-occlusal-splint (control-group) treatment plan were carried out for each group, respectively. For experimental group, digital models of patients' both dental arches and the occlusion relationship after elevation were captured using an intraoral scanner. The occlusal splint was carried out by computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), including splint designing and milling. For control group, the traditional soft occlusal splint was fabricated by vacuum laminator. The two kinds of occlusal splints were tried in the patients from each group, and the occlusal contacts were tested respectively by T-scan analysis system, which recorded the changes of occlusal indicators in the two groups. The retention, appearance and occlusal comfort degree were evaluated by the two groups of patients. Mann-Whitney test was performed with IBM SPSS 20.0 software, and bilateral test was performed. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The complete workflow of digital design and manufacturing occlusal splint was successfully established. During the clinical use, there was no statistical difference in the retention evaluation of two kinds of occlusal splints between the two groups of patients (Z=-0.538, P=0.590). The appearance score (Z=2.038, P=0.042) and the occlusal comfort score (Z=-2.579, P=0.010) of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences. The T-scan analysis results showed that only the second molar on both sides of the traditional occlusal splint had occlusal contact in intercupsal position, while the digital occlusal splint had stable and bilaterally balanced contact between the maxillary and mandibular teeth. Furthermore, the occlusal force was uniformly distributed in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The complete workflow of digital occlusal splint improves the occlusal design, greatly simplifies and optimizes the traditional process of making occlusal splint. This new method is resource-saving and environmental-friendly, and it is able to serve patients more conveniently and efficiently.

CXCL13 inhibition induce the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through blocking CXCR5/ERK signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Treatment of the high-risk triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a critical clinical challenge. Here we aimed to explore a novel strategy for TNBC treatment by blocking the tumor-associated chemokine CXCL13 in the MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with anti-CXCL13 antibodies (inhibition group), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (control group), followed by determining the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-ß1) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effects of CXCL13 inhibition on cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to compare the levels of CXCL13, CXCR5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The levels of cyclin D1 and cleaved caspase-9 were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The levels of IL-1, TNF-α and TGF-ß1 in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with anti-CXCL13 antibodies were significantly downregulated (p<0.05). Meanwhile, CXCL13 blockade decreased the cell proliferation and increased the apoptosis rate of MDA-MB-231 cells. The inhibition of CXCL13 led to marked reduction in CXCL13 and CXCR5 mRNA and an increase in ERK mRNA. The inhibition of CXCL13 resulted in the downregulation of CXCL13, CXCR5, p-ERK/ERK, cyclin D1 and upregulation of cleaved caspase-9 proteins. CONCLUSIONS: CXCL13 blockade effectively suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by promoting cell apoptosis. This effect is presumably associated with the downregulation of CXCL13 and suppression of the CXCR5/ERK signaling pathway.

Correlations of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammatory factors with symptom score of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory factors on International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), to explore their correlations and evaluate the clinical significance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 90 patients with BPH were selected and divided into normal blood glucose group and abnormal blood glucose group. The changes of indexes related to prostate function, prostate volume (PV), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and IPSS in two groups were evaluated. The fasting blood glucose (FBS), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and inflammatory factors interleukin-8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) levels in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) were compared. The correlations of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammatory factors with IPSS were analyzed by Logistic regression. The changes of these indexes after treatment of BPH were observed. RESULTS: The FBS, FINS, HOMA-IR, and inflammatory factors IL-8 and COX-2 levels were significantly different between high IPSS group and low IPSS group of patients with BPH. Moreover, the PV and PSA were higher in high IPSS group than those in low IPSS group. The FBS, FINS and inflammatory factors IL-8 and COX-2 levels were positively correlated with IPSS (p<0.05). All the indexes above of BPH patients were decreased after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The FBS, FINS, and inflammatory factors IL-8 and COX-2 levels are closely correlated with IPSS, which can reflect the severity and prognosis of BPH. It can effectively postpone the progression of BPH by lowering blood glucose, improving insulin resistance, and controlling the expressions of inflammatory factors in serum through a healthy lifestyle and clinical comprehensive treatment.

Estimating Coherence Measures from Limited Experimental Data Available.

Quantifying coherence has received increasing attention, and considerable work has been directed towards finding coherence measures. While various coherence measures have been proposed in theory, an important issue following is how to estimate these coherence measures in experiments. This is a challenging task, since the state of a system is often unknown in practical applications and the accessible measurements in a real experiment are typically limited. In this Letter, we put forward an approach to estimate coherence measures of an unknown state from any limited experimental data available. Our approach is not only applicable to coherence measures but can be extended to other resource measures.