Adenoid Ameloblastoma: The Newly Recognized Odontogenic Tumor - A Case Report.

Adenoid ameloblastoma is a newly recognized epithelial odontogenic tumor. Herein, we present the case of a 24-year-old male patient who exhibited swelling in the anterior region and right hemi-mandible. Computed tomography demonstrated the presence of a hypodense osteolytic lesion associated with an impacted tooth. Based on the clinical hypotheses of the dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and ameloblastoma, an incisional biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis of ameloblastoma was rendered. A surgical resection of the tumor was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed typical areas of ameloblastoma associated with ductiform structures and cell proliferation in a solid storiform pattern, features resembling those found in adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of adenoid ameloblastoma was rendered. The accurate diagnosis of this locally infiltrative tumor is essential due to its similarity to other odontogenic neoplasms.

Immunoexpression of HSP27 does not seem to influence the prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

New methods of early detection and risk assessment have been studied aiming to predict the prognosis of patients and directing a specialized treatment of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). In this context, several molecular biomarkers have been investigated for this purpose, and, among them, the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) can be named. The study aimed to analyze whether heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) exerts any influence on OTSCC, correlating its immunoexpression with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. The sample comprised 55 OTSCC cases and 20 normal oral mucosa specimens. The malignancy grading systems proposed by the WHO in 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al., and Almangush et al. were applied in a histomorphological study. HSP27 expressions were evaluated through the Immunoreactivity Score System (IRS). Significant values were considered at p <0.05 for all statistical tests. Higher IRS results were observed for normal oral mucosa specimens when compared to OTSCC cases (p <0.001). No significant associations between HSP27 immunostaining, the analyzed clinicopathological parameters and patient survival were observed. The results of the present study indicate lower HSP27 expression in OTSCC cases compared to normal oral mucosa specimens. Thus, HSP27 expression does not seem to influence patient prognosis.

Immunoexpression of HSP27 does not seem to influence the prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract New methods of early detection and risk assessment have been studied aiming to predict the prognosis of patients and directing a specialized treatment of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). In this context, several molecular biomarkers have been investigated for this purpose, and, among them, the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) can be named. The study aimed to analyze whether heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) exerts any influence on OTSCC, correlating its immunoexpression with clinicopathological parameters, and patient survival. The sample comprised 55 OTSCC cases and 20 normal oral mucosa specimens. The malignancy grading systems proposed by the WHO in 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al., and Almangush et al. were applied in a histomorphological study. HSP27 expressions were evaluated through the Immunoreactivity Score System (IRS). Significant values were considered at p <0.05 for all statistical tests. Higher IRS results were observed for normal oral mucosa specimens when compared to OTSCC cases (p <0.001). No significant associations between HSP27 immunostaining, the analyzed clinicopathological parameters and patient survival were observed. The results of the present study indicate lower HSP27 expression in OTSCC cases compared to normal oral mucosa specimens. Thus, HSP27 expression does not seem to influence patient prognosis.

Resumo Novos métodos de detecção precoce e avaliação de risco estão sendo estudados com o intuito de predizer o prognóstico dos pacientes e direcionar um tratamento diferenciado. Neste contexto, vários biomarcadores moleculares têm sido investigados com esta finalidade, dentre eles a heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar se a HSP27 exerce alguma influência nos carcinomas de células escamosas de língua oral (CCELO), correlacionando a sua imunoexpressão com parâmetros clinicopatológicos e com a sobrevida dos pacientes. A amostra foi constituída por 55 casos de CCELO e 20 espécimes de mucosa oral normal. Os sistemas de gradação de malignidade propostos pela OMS em 2005, Brandwein-Gensler et al. e Almangush et al. foram aplicados em um estudo histomorfológico. A expressão da HSP27 foi avaliada através do Sistema de Escore de Imunorreatividade (IRS). Para todos os testes estatísticos foram considerados valores significativos com p<0,05. Foi observado um maior IRS para a mucosa oral normal quando comparado aos casos de CCELO (p<0,001). Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre a imunomarcação da HSP27 com os parâmetros clinicopatológicos analisados e com a sobrevida dos pacientes. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam uma menor expressão da HSP27 nos casos de CCELO quando comparados aos espécimes de mucosa oral normal. Assim, a expressão da HSP27 parece não influenciar o prognóstico dos pacientes.

Influência da via hippo em carcinomas de células escamosas de língua oral / Influence of the hippo pathway on oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas

O carcinoma de células escamosas de língua oral (CCELO) apresenta altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Apesar dos progressos alcançados nesta área, os pesquisadores continuam em busca de biomarcadores moleculares que tenham valor preditivo no prognóstico dos pacientes e que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas. Neste contexto, várias pesquisas têm destacado o papel da via Hippo com esta finalidade. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar se as proteínas relacionadas à Via Hippo, LATS2 e YAP1, exercem alguma influência sobre o comportamento biológico dos CCELOs. A amostra foi constituída por 26 casos de CCELO e 8 casos de mucosa oral normal como controle. Para avaliar a morfologia dos CCELOs foram utilizadas as gradações propostas pela OMS (2005) e por Almangush et al. (2014). O perfil imunoistoquímico de LATS2 e YAP1 foi avaliado por escores (0-3), com base na sua imunoexpressão em localização intracelular (núcleo e/ou citoplasma) e distribuição epitelial. Para a análise entre os parâmetros estudados foram realizados os testes estatísticos Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher. A análise de sobrevida foi realizada através do método de Kaplan Meier e do teste log-rank. Para todas as avaliações foram considerados valores significativos com p<0,05. Foi observada alta expressão da LATS2 tanto em mucosa oral normal (100%) quanto na maioria dos CCELOs (73,1%), sem diferença estatística significativa (p=0,160). Foi possível evidenciar o aumento da imunoexpressão da YAP nos casos de CCELO em comparação à mucosa oral normal (p<0,001). Verificou-se ainda que a baixa expressão da LATS2 foi associada com menores taxas de sobrevida livre da doença (p=0,039). Além disso, constatou-se que a elevada expressão da YAP foi associada à classificação de alto risco do modelo BD (p=0,034), sugerindo que a imunoexpressão desta proteína pode estar associada a TEM e invasão celular em CCELO. A elevada expressão de ambas as proteínas, na maioria dos CCELOs, sugere que outras vias de sinalização, além da regulação através da LATS2, podem estar induzindo a expressão nuclear de YAP nestes tumores. Portanto, conclui-se que a via Hippo pode influenciar o comportamento biológico dos CCELOs (AU).

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite the progress made in this area, researchers continue to search for molecular biomarkers that have predictive value in the prognosis of patients and allow the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this context, several studies have highlighted the role of the Hippo pathway for this purpose. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate whether the proteins related to the Hippo pathway, LATS2 and YAP1, have some influence on the OTSCC biological behavior. The sample consisted of 26 OTSCC cases and 8 normal oral mucosa cases as control. For the morphological assessment of OTSCC, the gradations proposed by the WHO (2005) and by Almangush et al. (2014) were performed. The immunohistochemical profile of LATS2 and YAP1 was evaluated by scores (0-3), based on their immunoexpression in intracellular location (nucleus and/or cytoplasm) and epithelial distribution. Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's Exact statistical tests were performed for the analysis of the studied parameters. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. For all evaluations, values with p<0.05 were considered significant. High expression of LATS2 was observed both in normal oral mucosa (100%) and in most OTSCC (73,1%), with no statistically significant difference (p=0,160). It was possible to observe the increase in YAP immunoexpression in cases of OTSCC compared to the normal oral mucosa (p<0.001). It was also found that the LATS2 low expression was associated with lower rates of disease-free survival (p=0.039). Furthermore, YAP high expression was found associated with the BD model's high-risk classification (p=0.034), suggesting this protein immunoexpression may be associated with EMT and cell invasion in OTSCC. The high expression of both proteins in most OTSCC suggests that other signaling pathways, in addition to regulating through LATS2, may be inducing the nuclear YAP expression in these tumors. Therefore, it is concluded that the Hippo pathway can influence the OTSCC biological behavior (AU).

Análise da proteína de choque térmico 27 (HSP27) em carcinomas de células escamosas de língua oral / Analysis of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas

O carcinoma de células escamosas de língua oral (CCELO) apresenta altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Novos métodos de detecção precoce e avaliação de risco estão sendo estudados com o intuito de predizer o prognóstico dos pacientes e direcionar um tratamento diferenciado. Neste contexto, vários biomarcadores moleculares têm sido investigados com esta finalidade, dentre eles a heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar se a HSP27 exerce alguma influência nos CCELOs, além de correlacionar a sua imunoexpressão com parâmetros clinicopatológicos e com a sobrevida dos pacientes. A amostra foi constituída por 55 casos de CCELO e 20 espécimes de mucosa oral normal. Para o estudo histomorfológico foram utilizados os sistemas de gradação de malignidade propostos pela OMS em 2005, por Brandwein-Gensler et al. (2005) e por Almangush et al. (2014). A expressão da HSP27 foi avaliada através do Sistema de Escore de Imunorreatividade (IRS). Para verificar a associação de imunopositividade da HSP27 com os parâmetros clinicopatológicos foram utilizados os testes estatísticos de Quiquadrado de Pearson e o Exato de Fisher. As curvas para análise de sobrevida foram realizadas pelo método de Kaplan Meier. Para todas as avaliações foram considerados valores significativos com p<0,05. Foi observado um maior IRS para a mucosa oral normal quando comparado aos casos de CCELO (p<0,001), indicando que há uma redução de expressão desta proteína nestas neoplasias, embora este achado seja documentado na literatura, os mecanismos envolvidos não são esclarecidos, estudos moleculares específicos são necessários a fim de elucidar os eventos genéticos e epigenéticos envolvidos na redução da expressão da HSP27 nos casos de CCELO. Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre a imunomarcação desta proteína com os parâmetros clinicopatológicos e com a sobrevida dos pacientes, sugerindo que esta proteína parece não influenciar o prognóstico dos pacientes com CCELO (AU).

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) presents high rates of morbidity and mortality. New methods of early detection and risk assessment have being studied aiming to predict the prognosis of patients and directing a differentiated treatment. In this context, several molecular biomarkers have been investigated for this purpose among them the heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). This study aimed to analyze whether HSP27 has some influence on the OTSCC, in addition to correlating its immunoexpression with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. The sample consisted of 55 cases of OTSCC and 20 specimens of oral normal mucosa. For the histomorphological study, it was used the malignancy grading systems proposed by WHO in 2005, by Brandwein-Gensler et al. (2005) and by Almangush et al. (2014). The expression of HSP27 was evaluated through the Immunoreactive Scoring System (IRS). To verify the association of HSP27 immunopositivity with the clinicopathological parameters, it was used the Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact test. The curves for survival analysis were performed using the Kaplan Meier method. For all evaluations, the significance values were set at p<0.05. A higher IRS for the oral normal mucosa was observed when compared to OTSCC cases (p<0.001), indicating that there is a reduction of expression of this protein in these neoplasms, despite this finding is documented in the literature, the involved mechanisms are unclear, so, specific molecular studies are needed to elucidate the genetic and epigenetic events involved in the reduction of HSP27 expression in OTSCC cases. No significant associations were found between the immunostaining of this protein and the clinicopathological parameters and patient survival suggesting that this protein does not seem to influence the prognosis of OTSCC patients (AU).