RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences and similarities in clinical picture, laboratory findings and outcomes between children's with Kawasaki Disease (KD) versus multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, comparative study from children with Kawasaki Disease (KD) hospi-talized in Sinaloa Pediatric Hospital from January 1, 2004, to March 31, 2020, and patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) according with World Health Organization (WHO) case definition criteria be-tween May 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021. Demographic characteristics, epidemiological data, clinical features, laboratory findings, type of treatment and clinical outcomes were compared among both groups. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients were included (62 patients with KD and 19 with MIS-C). several clinical and lab-oratory differences were found among these two entities. Median age was lower in KD vs. MIS-C (25 vs 79 months). Those finding more frequent in KD were male gender (64.5 vs. 47.4%), Mucocutaneous features (93.5 vs. 63.2%): Oral changes (83.9 vs. 63.2%) and extremity changes (77.4 vs. 57.9%); complete form of KD was (75.8 vs. 47.4%), Coronary artery aneurysm (16.1 vs. 11.8%). Secondly, findings that were more frequent in MIS-C than KD were Gastrointestinal involvement (89.4 vs. 9.6%), shock (57.9 vs. 3.2%), neurological symp-toms (63.1 vs. 11.2%), kidney involvement (52.6 vs. 16.1%), heart disease in general (52.9% vs 29%): Myocardial dysfunction (23.5 vs. 11.3%) and pericardial effusion (17.6 vs. 2.9%). Lymphocyte count (2.07 + 2.03 vs. 4.28 + 3.01/mm3), platelet count (197.89 + 187.51 vs. 420.37 + 200.08/mm3); serum albumin (2.29 + 0.65 vs. 3.33 + 0.06g/dL), and CPR (21.4 + 11.23 vs. 14.26 + 12.37 mg/dL). KD vs. MIS-C types of Treatment: IVIG (96.8 vs. 94.7%), systemic steroids (4.82 vs. 94.7%), IVIG resistance (19.4 vs. 15.8). Finally, mortality in KD was 0% and 5.3% in MIS-C. CONCLUSIONS: Similarities were found in both groups such as fever, rash, and conjunctivitis. Nevertheless, signifi-cant differences such as severity of clinical presentation with multi-organ involvement and worst inflammato-ry response were found more frequently in MIS-C group than KD group, requiring more fluid replacement, use of inotropic agents and higher steroids dosages. Also, mortality rate was higher in patients with MIS-C thanpatients with KD. Similar results have been observed in other studies where both disorders were compared.
OBJECTIVO: Evaluar las diferencias y similitudes en el cuadro clínico, los hallazgos de laboratorio y desenlaces médicos de pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad de Kawasaki versus síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico. MÉTODOS: Estudio comparativo y retrospectivo, efectuado en niños con enfermedad de Kawasaki, atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa, entre el 1 de enero de 2004 al 31 de marzo de 2020, y pacientes con sín-drome inflamatorio multisistémico (según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud), del 1 de mayo de 2020 al 31 de mayo de 2021. Se evaluaron las características demográficas, epidemiológicos y clínicas, además de los hallazgos de laboratorio, tipo de tratamiento y desenlaces clínicos en ambos grupos. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 81 pacientes: 62 con enfermedad de Kawasaki y 19 con síndrome inflamatorio mul-tisistémico. Se encontraron varias diferencias clínicas y de laboratorio en ambas alteraciones. La mediana de edad fue menor en pacientes con enfermedad de Kawasaki versus síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico (25 vs 79 meses). La mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedad de Kawasaki fueron hombres (64.5 vs 47.4%), con características mucocutáneas (93.5 vs 63.2%): cambios orales (83.9 vs 63.2%) y cambios en las extremidades (77.4 vs 57.9%); la forma completa de enfermedad de Kawasaki fue 75.8 vs 47.4%, concomitante con aneuris-ma de la arteria coronaria (16.1 vs 11.8%). Los hallazgos más frecuentes en sujetos con síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico fueron: afectación gastrointestinal (89.4 vs 9.6 %), choque (57.9 vs 3.2%), síntomas neurológicos (63.1 vs 11.2%), afectación renal (52.6 vs 16.1%) y cardiopatías en general (52.9 vs 29%): disfunción miocárdica (23.5 vs 11.3%) y derrame pericárdico (17.6 vs 2.9%). La concentración media de linfocitos fue: 2.07 + 2.03 vs4.28 + 3.01/mm3), plaquetas (197.89 + 187.51 vs 420.37 + 200.08/mm3); albúmina sérica (2.29 + 0.65 vs 3.33 + 0.06 g/dL) y PCR (21.4 + 11.23 vs 14.26 + 12.37 mg/dL). Los tratamientos en enfermedad de Kawasaki vssíndrome inflamatorio multisistémico: IVIG (96.8 vs 94.7%), corticosteroides sistémicos (4.82 vs 94.7%), resis-tencia a IVIG (19.4 vs 15.8). La mortalidad fue de 0 vs 5.3%. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron similitudes en cuanto a síntomas en ambos grupos (fiebre, exantema y conjun-tivitis); no obstante, hubo diferencias significativas respecto de las manifestaciones clínicas, con afección multiorgánico y peor respuesta inflamatoria en pacientes con síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico, incluso mayor requerimiento de reposición de líquidos, administración de agentes inotrópicos, dosis más altas de corticosteroides, y elevada tasa de mortalidad. Estos resultados se han observado en otros estudios, donde se compararon ambos trastornos.
RESUMEN
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated progressive predominantly motor symmetric polyradiculoneuropathy which causes demyelination and leads to weakness, ataxia and areflexia. There are a variety of forms of the syndrome; and despite being the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in children, it has a low incidence under 18 years old, and it is even rarer in children less than 2 years of age. Very few cases have been reported under 12 months of age. We describe a case of an 11-month-old male infant presenting with weakness and inability to ambulate who was diagnosed with GBS.
RESUMEN
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, typically affecting children younger than 5 years of age. A direct relationship between KD and the development of malignant tumors has not been demonstrated, however, the immunological alterations of KD could be associated with its development. An 11-month-old male was diagnosed with incomplete KD. No coronary abnormalities were detected. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin. Four weeks later, he developed fever, otitis media, bullous pharyngitis, irritability, anemia and hyperleukocytosis, and neutropenia. Blasts forms were observed in peripheral blood. Bone marrow smear demonstrated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). KD has diverse clinical presentations, atypical manifestations, and several complications such as macrophage activation syndrome. As our case highlights, lymphoid neoplasms may follow KD.
RESUMEN
We report four cases of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, of which three patients presented characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD). All presented fever of more than 3 days, and gastrointestinal involvement, significant increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), polymorphonuclear cells, procalcitonin, D-dimer, fibrinogen and troponin, lymphopenia and hypoalbuminemia. Myocardial involvement was observed in two patients. All were treated with fluids resuscitation and vasoactive therapy, 75% received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and systemic steroids. Two patients developed a transient acute kidney injury, one patient presented as acute appendicitis and developed a bilateral pleural effusion. One patient required a second dose of IVIG and boluses of methylprednisolone. None required mechanical ventilation and there were no deaths.