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RESUMEN Objetivo : Describir los resultados de la biopsia prostática transperineal por fusión de la resonancia magnética cognitiva y ultrasonido en la detección del cáncer. Materiales y métodos : Estudio de serie de casos, retrospectivo, realizado en Clínica Delgado entre julio del 2019 y octubre del 2021. Se incluyó pacientes con examen digital de próstata y/o Antígeno Prostático Específico anormal e imágenes de Resonancia Magnética de próstata con lesiones categoría PI-RADS 4 o 5. Excluyendo a pacientes con trastorno de coagulación, lesiones rectales, imposibilidad para abducción, comorbilidades para anestesia. Registramos las características clínicas, demográficas, datos de antígeno prostático específico, volumen de la próstata, lesiones PI-RADS, tasas de cáncer, complicaciones. Resultados : Se evaluaron 18 pacientes, con edad media de 69,33 ± 7,67 años. La media del antígeno prostático específico de 14,94 ± 12,42 ng/mL. La media del volumen de próstata de 57,72 ± 28,68 cc. Al examen digital de la próstata 16/18 (88.88 %) pacientes tenían sospecha de cáncer. Se hicieron biopsias con 19 núcleos en pacientes cuya RMNmP tenían lesiones con categoría de PI-RADS 4 en 6/18 (33,33 %) de los cuales 3 resultaron positivas a Adenocarcinoma y otras 3 negativas a cáncer. Biopsia con 16 núcleos en PIRADS 5 en 12/18 (66,67 %) pacientes, resultando todas positivas a cáncer. Adenocarcinoma Acinar en 15/18 (83,33 %) con Gleason 6 en 2/18 (11,11 %) y Gleason ≥ 7 en 13/18 (72,22 %) pacientes. Complicaciones leves como hematuria 1/18 (5,6 %), disuria terminal 8/18 (44,4 %) y molestia perineal 7/18 (38,8 %) y ninguna infecciosa. Conclusiones : la biopsia prostática transperineal por fusión de imágenes de resonancia magnética cognitiva y ultrasonido es factible, segura, con tasas importantes de positividad y sin infecciones.
ABSTRACT Objective : To describe the results of transperineal prostate biopsy by fusion of cognitive magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound in the detection of cancer. Materials and methods : A retrospective case series study conducted at the Delgado Clinic between July 2019 and October 2021. Patients with digital prostate examination and/or abnormal Prostatic Specific Antigen and prostate MRI images with category lesions were included PI-RADS 4 or 5. Excluding patients with coagulation disorders, rectal injuries, impossibility for abduction, comorbidities for anesthesia. We recorded clinical and demographic characteristics, prostate-specific antigen data, prostate volume, PI-RADS lesions, cancer rates, and complications. Results: 18 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 69.33 ± 7.67 years. The mean prostate specific antigen was 14.94 ± 12.42 ng/mL. The mean prostate volume was 57.72 ± 28.68 cc. At the digital examination of the prostate, 16/18 (88.88%) patients had suspected cancer. Biopsies with 19 cores were performed in patients whose NMRmP had lesions with PI-RADS category 4 in 6/18 (33.33%), of which 3 were positive for Adenocarcinoma and another 3 were negative for cancer. Biopsy with 16 PIRADS 5 cores in 12/18 (66.67%) patients, all of which were positive for cancer. Acinar adenocarcinoma in 15/18 (83.33%) with Gleason 6 in 2/18 (11.11%) and Gleason ≥ 7 in 13/18 (72.22%) patients. Mild complications such as hematuria 1/18 (5.6%), terminal dysuria 8/18 (44.4%) and perineal discomfort 7/18 (38.8%) and none infectious. Conclusions : transperineal prostate biopsy by fusion of cognitive magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound is feasible, safe, with significant positivity rates and without infections.
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Objetivo: Presentar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con COVID-19 atendidos en un hospital privado de Lima. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y seccional. Se presenta a los 25 casos atendidos desde el día 9 de marzo al 27 demarzo del presente año, durante la pandemia actual, que fueron atendidos en el Departamento de Emergencia de la Clínica Delgado, Miraflores, Lima. Todos ellos fueron positivos para rRT-PCR para coronavirus, realizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud. Resultados: Casos importados, 24% o primeros contactos de ellos, 48%. Doce (48%) fueron varones. La mediana de edad fue de 38 años (rango: 11-67 años) para varones y 44 años (rango: 33-71 años) para mujeres; y una mediana global de 40 años (rango: 11-71 años). Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron: fiebre 84%, tos seca 84%, disnea 56%, odinofagia 56%, coriza 32%, cefalea 24%, dolor torácico 24%, diarrea 16%, mialgia 8%, y fatiga 4%. Las comorbilidades se hallaron en el 16% (hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, cáncer, asma e hipotiroidismo). Requirió hospitalización el 40% (10/25) de los casos, y sólo 8% (2/25) necesitó ser admitido a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). No hubo ningún paciente fallecido. Conclusiones: Encontramos que la mayoría fueron casos importados o relacionados, no hubo diferencias en el sexo, mayor frecuencia entre la cuarta y quinta década de la vida, cuadro clínico característico (fiebre, tos y disnea), presencia de comorbilidades, menos de la mitad requirió hospitalización, hallazgos característicos en la TEM pulmonar y muy pocos requirieron ingresar a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. (AU)
Objective: To present the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 treated in a private hospital in Lima. Material and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study is shown. There were 25 cases attended from March 9 to March 27 this year, during the current pandemic, which were treated at the Emergency Service of the Clinic Delgado, Miraflores, Lima. All of them were positive for rRT-PCR testing for coronavirus, performed at the Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima. Results: Imported cases, 24% or their first contacts, 48%. Twelve (48%) were male. The median age was 38 year-old (range: 11-67 year-old) for males and 44 year-old (range: 33-71 year-old) for women; and, a global median of 40 year-old (range: 11-71 year-old). Clinical manifestations were: fever 84%, dry cough 84%, dyspnea 56%, odynophagia 56%, coryza 32%, headache 24%, chest pain 24%, diarrhea 16%, myalgia 8%, and fatigue 4%. Comorbidities were found in 16% (high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus type 2, cancer, asthma and hypothyroidism). Forty per cent of cases required hospitalization, and only 8% needed to be admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). There was no deceased patient. Conclusions: We found that imported and related cases were majority, there were no differences in sex, more frequency between the fourth and fifth decade of life, characteristic clinical picture was present (fever, cough and dyspnea), comorbidities were found, less than a half required hospitalization, characteristic findings in pulmonary TEM were found and very few required entry into the ICU. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Infecciones por Coronavirus , Coronavirus , Coronavirus Relacionado al Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo , Betacoronavirus , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Objetivos: Determinar la eficacia de la embolización de las arterias prostáticas en el tratamiento de los pacientes con síntomas del tracto urinario bajo asociados a hiperplasia prostática benigna. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, tipo reporte de casos, prospectivo. Se realizó embolización de arterias prostáticas (EAP) a 10 pacientes, 7 de los cuales tenían síntomas del tracto urinario bajo asociado a hiperplasia benigna de próstata (STUB/HBP) moderados y severos, refractarios a tratamiento médico durante 6 meses y 3 portadores de sonda vesical permanente; la edad promedio fue 69,4 ± 8,04 años. Se evaluaron a los pacientes antes de la EAP (tiempo 0), y a los meses 1, 3 y 6; el éxito se valoró por: disminución del volumen de la próstata (VP): >10%, mejora del puntaje internacional de síntomas prostáticos (IPSS), flujo urinario máximo (Q):>15 ml/seg, índice internacional de función eréctil (IIEF)sin variación o aumento en 10%,disminución del residuo post-miccional (RPM)>20% y efectos adversos: ≤2 eventos. Resultados: La EAP fue técnicamente exitosa en el 100% de pacientes. Las tasas de éxito clínico al mes 6 fueron: Disminución del VP en 40% (p=0,0009), APE en 15% (p=0,0464) y el IPSS mejoró en 63% (p=0,0010). No hubo variaciones significativas en el IIEF-15 (reducción del puntaje en 12,1% (p=0,1157)), el Q se incrementó máx en 80% (p=0,1088) y en la reducción del RPM (se redujo en 25% (p= 0,6177)). No se presentó complicaciones mayores durante el estudio. Conclusiones: La EAP es una opción de tratamiento para mejorar los parámetros críticos de los STUB/HBP sin afectar la función sexual. (AU)
Objectives: To determine the efficacy of prostatic artery embolization in the treatment of urinary symptoms associated to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: A descriptive and prospective case report study was conducted. Embolization of prostatic arteries (EPS) was carried-out in 10 patients, 7 of whom had moderate and severe urinary tract symptoms to associated to benign prostatic hyperplasia (UTS/BPH) refractory to medical treatment during 6 months, 3 were using a permanent urinary catheter. Mean age was 69.4 ± 8.04 years. Patients were evaluated at time 0 of EPS and at 1, 3 and 6 months after. Success was defined as reduction in prostatic volume (PV) >10%; improvement in the international score of prostatic symptoms (ISPS); maximum urinary output (Qmáx) > 15 ml/ sec; international index of erectile function (IIEF) with no variation or increase in 10%; reduction on post void residual (PVR) >20% and ≤2 medical events. Results: The EPS was technically successful in 100% of patients. The evaluation of clinical parameters at 6 months was as follows: 40% reduction in PV (p=0.0009; the ISPS improved in 63% (p=0.0010). No variation was observed in the IIEF-15 (12.1% reduction (p=0.1157)); the Qmáx increased in 80% (p=0.1088), and a 25% reduction in PVR (p= 0.6177)). No complications were observed during the procedure. Conclusions: EPS is an option to improve clinical parameters of UTS/BPH without affecting the sexual function. No major complications were observed. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Arterias , Próstata , Hiperplasia Prostática , Enfermedades Urológicas , Embolización Terapéutica , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This module was created to supplement the traditional learning methods that senior medical students, first-year radiology residents, and residents in other specialties employ to learn the fundamentals of radiologic image interpretation. It is part of an ongoing project entitled Diagnostic Imaging Fundamentals (DIF), with each module covering a unique topic. This module covers brain vascular anatomy, common imaging modalities, and imaging characteristics of brain vascular pathologies. METHODS: This module has been designed for team-based learning and consists of advance-preparation reading material, in-class individual and group readiness assurance tests, and a group application exercise. Students are evaluated both individually and as groups. These DIF modules are designed primarily for group learning and are well suited for the academic setting. RESULTS: The feedback we received from first-year radiology residents was 100% positive, and the most frequent remark used by learners in their comments was "very helpful." Our limited feedback suggests that the level of material is appropriate for trainees at or above their final year of medical school. DISCUSSION: We are confident that this module will benefit students and residents who are eager to learn the fundamentals of brain vascular imaging and will serve as a useful adjunct to traditional methods of learning. We believe the module's application of team-based learning can act as a model for collaborative learning in a traditionally didactic learning environment. Future work will include expanding use of the module to larger groups of radiology residents, medical students, and residents in other specialties.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness ratios of three options for diagnosing malaria at the local health provider in 50 communities near the Peruvian Amazon. METHODS: Calculation of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of three options for diagnosing malaria-not using rapid tests, using rapid tests, and accessing microscopy-in patients presenting with fever in 50 communities near Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon, communities with limited access to microscopy that depend on a network of local health providers. The incremental costs and effects of the two latter options were calculated and compared with the first option (currently in use). By dividing the incremental costs among the incremental effects, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated. RESULTS: Using rapid tests would save the Ministry of Health of Peru: US$191 for each new case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated promptly and appropriately; US$31 per new case of P. vivax malaria treated promptly and appropriately; US$1,051 per case of acute malaria averted; and US$17,655 for each death avoided. Access to microscopy by all the communities would generate an additional cost of: US$198 per new case of P. falciparum malaria treated promptly and appropriately; US$31 per new case of P. vivax malaria treated promptly and appropriately; US$1,086 per case of acute malaria averted; and US$18,255 for each death avoided. CONCLUSIONS: The use of rapid tests by local health providers can improve the effectiveness of malaria diagnosis in patients with fever in the 50 communities studied, at a cost lower than the current method. The recommendation is to expand the use of rapid tests among the health providers in communities similar to those studied.
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Malaria/diagnóstico , Malaria/economía , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Pruebas Diagnósticas de Rutina/economía , Humanos , Perú , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Estimar la relación costo-efectividad de tres estrategias de diagnóstico de la malaria basadas en promotores locales de salud en 50 comunidades periféricas de la Amazonia peruana. MÉTODOS: Se evaluó la relación costo-efectividad de tres estrategias de diagnóstico de malaria en pacientes con fiebre de 50 comunidades periféricas de Iquitos, en la Amazonia peruana, que tienen acceso limitado al diagnóstico microscópico y cuentan con una red de promotores locales de salud: sin uso de pruebas rápidas, con uso de pruebas rápidas y con disponibilidad del diagnóstico microscópico. Se compararon y se estimaron los costos y efectos incrementales de las dos últimas estrategias con respecto a la primera (utilizada en la actualidad). La división de los costos incrementales entre los efectos incrementales permitió estimar la razón costo-efectividad incremental. RESULTADOS: El uso de pruebas rápidas ahorraría al Ministerio de Salud del Perú (MSP) US$ 190,81 por caso adicional de malaria por Plasmodium falciparum tratado oportuna y apropiadamente, US$ 31,44 por caso adicional de malaria por P. vivax tratado oportuna y apropiadamente, US$ 1 050,61 por caso de malaria grave evitado y US$ 17 655,20 por cada muerte evitada. Disponer del diagnóstico por microscopía en todas las comunidades generaría al MSP un gasto suplementario de US$ 197,63 por caso adicional de malaria por P. falciparum tratado oportuna y apropiadamente, US$ 31,44 por caso adicional de malaria por P. vivax tratado oportuna y apropiadamente, US$ 1 085,80 por caso de malaria grave evitado y US$ 18 255,46 por cada muerte evitada. CONCLUSIONES: La aplicación de pruebas rápidas de diagnóstico por los promotores locales de salud puede mejorar la efectividad del diagnóstico de la malaria en pacientes con fiebre en las 50 comunidades estudiadas con un costo menor que la estrategia utilizada actualmente. Se recomienda extender el uso de pruebas rápidas por los promotores de salud a otras ...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness ratios of three options for diagnosing malaria at the local health provider in 50 communities near the Peruvian Amazon. METHODS: Calculation of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of three options for diagnosing malaria-not using rapid tests, using rapid tests, and accessing microscopy-in patients presenting with fever in 50 communities near Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon, communities with limited access to microscopy that depend on a network of local health providers. The incremental costs and effects of the two latter options were calculated and compared with the first option (currently in use). By dividing the incremental costs among the incremental effects, the incremental costeffectiveness ratio was calculated. RESULTS: Using rapid tests would save the Ministry of Health of Peru: US$ 191 for each new case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria treated promptly and appropriately; US$ 31 per new case of P. vivax malaria treated promptly and appropriately;US$ 1 051 per case of acute malaria averted; and US$ 17 655 for each death avoided. Access to microscopy by all the communities would generate an additional cost of: US$ 198 per new case of P. falciparum malaria treated promptly and appropriately; US$ 31 per new case of P. vivax malaria treated promptly and appropriately; US$ 1 086 per case of acute malaria averted; and US$ 18 255 for each death avoided. CONCLUSIONS: The use of rapid tests by local health providers can improve the effectiveness of malaria diagnosis in patients with fever in the 50 communities studied, at a cost lower than the current method. The recommendation is to expand the use of rapid tests among the health providers in communities similar to those studied.
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Humanos , Malaria/diagnóstico , Malaria/economía , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Pruebas Diagnósticas de Rutina/economía , Perú , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Introducción: la parasitosis intestinal es un problema de salud pública en el Perú siendo la Strongyloidosis la infección producida por el nemátode Strongyloides stercoralis, la cual es endémica en nuestro medio. Se han realizado en el Perú estudios que demuestran su alta prevalencia en comunidades de la selva y en menor grado en la sierra y ha sido poco estudiada en comunidades costeras. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de Strongyloides stercoralis entre los enteroparásitos en una comunidad de la costa peruana. Materiales y Métodos: se recolectó una muestra de heces de todos los asistentes a una campaña de salud que se realizó en el colegio público "Virgen de la Candelaria" en el asentamiento humano "La Candelaria", distrito de Chancay provincia de Huaral, las cuales fueron procesadas mediante 5 exámenes coprológicos: examen directo, técnica sedimentación espontánea en tubo, método de Baermann modificado en copa por Lumbreras, técnica de Kato, técnica de sedimentación rápida de Lumbreras, para la búsqueda de Strongyloides stercoralis y otros enteroparásitos. Resultados: fueron recolectadas un total de 173 muestras. La prevalencia de cualquier parásito fue de 98% y 76% tuvo algún parásito patógeno. La prevalencia de Strongyloides stercoralis fue de 1,1% (2 alumnos). Conclusiones: este estudio revela que existe alta enteroparasitosis en general y específicamente Strongyloides stercoralis en una comunidad costera en el Perú.
Introducction: the intestinal parasitoses are public health problems in Perú. Strongyloidiasis is the intestinal infection produced by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis; it is endemic in Perú, with proven high prevalences in jungle and andean communities; its presence has been barely studied in coastal communities. Objetives: to determine the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis among the human enteroparasites in a coastal community in Perú. Materials and methods: a fecal sample was obtained from all willing participants in a health campaign that took place at the public school "Virgen de la Candelaria" at the community of "La Candelaria", Chancay district, Huaral province. The samples were processed using 5 coprologic methods: direct examination, spontaneous tube sedimentation, rapid sedimentation technique modified by Lumbreras, Kato test, and Baermann technique modified by Lumbreras, to evaluate the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis and other enteroparasites. Results: 173 samples where collected. The prevalence of enteroparasitosis (any parasite or commensal) was 98%; that of pathogenic enteroparasites was 76%. S. stercoralis was found in 2 schoolchildren (1.1%). Conclusion: this study shows the high frequency of enteroparasites in general and indicates the presence of S. stercoralis in a coastal community of Perú.