Incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in antiretroviral therapy-naïve people with human immunodeficiency virus who start DTG/ABC/3TC compared to BIC/FTC/TAF at 48-week follow-up.

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by non-invasive methods in people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS: Prospective cohort, in PLWH naïve to antiretroviral therapy, starting bictegravir (BIC) or dolutegravir (DTG) at the Hospital de Infectología "La Raza", in Mexico City, from February 2021 to August 2023. We measured at baseline and 48 weeks triglycerides and glucose index (TyG), fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and liver ultrasonography; relative risk (RR) for developing NAFLD was determined. RESULTS: At 48 weeks, TyG index in BIC-group 4.54 (IQR 4.36-4.75), in DTG-group 4.66 (IQR 4.49-4.80), p = .080; HSI in BIC-group 30.30 (IQR 28.12-33.70), in DTG-group 30.85 (IQR 28.02-34.50), p = .650; FLI in BIC-group 14.88 (IQR 7.91-31.80), in DTG-group 19.49 (IQR 8.49-32.28), p = .729; NAFLD was detected by US in 6 [10.3% (95%CI 4.8%-20.7%)] in BIC-group and, 7 [10.9% (95%CI 6.4%-20.9%)] in DTG-group, p = .916. Risk factors for NAFLD development were baseline BMI ≥25 kg/m2, baseline HDL-c <40 mg/dL, and FIB-4 >1.3 at 48 weeks. CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of NAFLD in PLWH who start a second generation INSTI at 48 weeks; baseline overweight, low HDL-cholesterol and FIB-4 >1.3 at 48 weeks of treatment were independent risk factors for NAFLD development.

Reversibility of Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events after Switching to Darunavir/Cobicistat or Doravirine in Men on INSTI-Based Regimen.

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) are associated with neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs). The aim of this study was to evaluate improvements in NPAEs after switching an INSTI-based regimen to darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c) or doravirine (DOR). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the reversibility of NPAEs via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and D) in patients who started antiretroviral therapy with dolutegravir (DTG) or bictegravir (BIC). These patients were switched to DRV/c or DOR. Scales were compared at the moment of the switch and 12 weeks later. Results: We included 1153 treatment-naïve men, 676 (58.7%) with BIC and 477 (41.3%) with DTG. A total of 32 (2.7%) experienced NPAEs that led to discontinuation. Insomnia was found in 20 patients; depression via PHQ-9 in 21 patients, via HADS-D in 5 patients, and anxiety via HADS-A in 12 patients. All of them were evaluated by a psychiatrist at the moment of the symptoms; 7 (21.8%) started psychotropic drugs. After 12 weeks of follow-up, PHQ-9, ISI, HADS-A, and HADS-D decreased, with a p-value ≤ 0.05. Conclusions: NPAEs seem to improve after switching to a DRV/c- or DOR-based regimen after the first 4 and 12 weeks.

Risk factors for mortality and clinical presentation of monkeypox.

OBJECTIVES: To describe risk factors for mortality and clinical characteristics in patients with mpox infection at a reference hospital in Mexico. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was conducted from September to December 2022 at Hospital de Infectología La Raza National Medical Center. METHODS: Study participants were patients that met operational definition of confirmed case of mpox according to WHO criteria. Information was obtained through a case report form that included epidemiological, clinical, and biochemical information. The follow-up period was from initial evaluation for hospitalization until discharge due to clinical improvement or death. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were included in the analysis, 64 of 72 (88.9%) were people with HIV (PWH). Of the total of patients 71 of 72 (98.6%) were male, with a median age of 32 years old [95% confidence interval (CI), interquartile range (IQR) 27-37]. Coinfection with sexually transmitted infections was reported in 30 of 72 (41.7%). The overall mortality was five of 72 (6.9%). The incidence of mortality rate in PWH was 6.3%. Median days from onset of symptoms to death from any cause during hospitalization was 50 days (95% CI, IQR 38-62). Risk factors for mpox mortality in the bivariate analysis were CD4 + cells count ≤100 cells/µl at the time of assessment RR 20 (95% CI, IQR 6.6-60.2) ( P  < 0.001), absence of antiretroviral therapy RR 6.6 (95% CI, IQR 3.6-12.1) ( P  = 0.001) and ≥50 skin lesions at presentation RR 6.4 (95% CI, IQR 2.6-15.7) ( P  = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation between PWH and non-HIV patients was similar in this study, however, reported mortality was associated with advanced-HIV disease.

[Leuko-glycemic index in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction]. / Índice leucoglucémico en pacientes con infarto miocárdico con elevación del ST.

Background: The myocardial infarction-associated (MI) mortality is not only due cardiovascular complications, but intrahospital non-cardiovascular complications (IHnCVCs). The leuko-glycemic index (LGI) has been used as a prognostic marker for the development of cardiovascular complications in MI. We focused this study on identifying the cut-off point of LGI for the IHnCVCs development in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Material and methods: In this single-center and crosssectional design, we included patients with STEMI. The biochemical analysis included glucose and leucocytes; with them we calculated the LGI. Receiver operating characteristic curve, univariate and bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis for IHnCVCs development were performed. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We included 1294 patients, 79.8% were men and 20.2% women. The main comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Six hundred forty-four (49.8%) patients presented IHNCVCs. The LGI > 1200 (AUC 0.817) predict the IHNCVCs development in STEMI patients. The variables that increased the IHNCVCs development were LGI > 1200, creatinine > 0.91 mg/dL, diabetes mellitus and age > 65 years. Hospital acquired pneumonia and cardiovascular complications increase the risk of death among STEMI patients. Conclusion: A LGI > 1200 increased, just over nine times, the risk of IHnCVC development in STEMI patients.

Introducción: la mortalidad asociada a infarto del miocardio (IM) no solo se debe a complicaciones cardiovasculares, sino tambien a complicaciones intrahospitalarias no cardiovasculares (CIHNC). El índice leuco-glucémico (ILG) se ha utilizado como un marcador pronóstico para el desarrollo de complicaciones cardiovasculares en el IM. Centramos este estudio en identificar el punto de corte de ILG para el desarrollo de CIHNC en pacientes con infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Material y métodos: en este diseño de un solo centro y transversal, incluimos pacientes con IAMCEST. El análisis bioquímico incluyó glucosa y leucocitos; se calculó ILG. Se realizaron análisis univariados y bivariados, curva ROC y análisis multivariado para el desarrollo de IAMCEST. Resultados: incluimos 1294 pacientes, 79.8% hombres y 20.2% mujeres. Las principales comorbilidades fueron: hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes mellitus y dislipidemia. Seiscientos cuarenta y cuatro pacientes (49.8%) presentaron CIHNC. El ILG > 1200 con área bajo la curva (AUC) 0.817 predice el desarrollo de CIHNC en pacientes con IAMCEST. Las variables que aumentaron el desarrollo de CIHNC fueron: ILG > 1200, creatinina > 0.91 mg/dL, diabetes mellitus y edad > 65 años. La neumonía intrahospitalaria y las complicaciones cardiovasculares aumentaron el riesgo de muerte entre los pacientes con IAMCEST. Conclusión: un LGI > 1200 aumentó más de nueve veces el riesgo de desarrollo de CIHNC en pacientes con IAMCEST.

A survivor woman after three years of a cardiac tamponade.

Primary pericardial mesothelioma is an extremely rare tumor, of unclear etiology, nonspecific presentation, with a delay in diagnosis, and a poor prognosis. We present the case of a woman with pericardial mesothelioma, whose main manifestation was cardiac tamponade, currently alive three years after diagnosis and undergoing chemotherapy treatment. .

Índice leucoglucémico en pacientes con infarto miocárdico con elevación del ST / Leuko-glycemic index in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction

Introducción: la mortalidad asociada a infarto del miocardio (IM) no solo se debe a complicaciones cardiovasculares, sino también a complicaciones intrahospitalarias no cardiovasculares (CIHNC). El índice leuco-glucémico (ILG) se ha utilizado como un marcador pronóstico para el desarrollo de complicaciones cardiovasculares en el IM. Centramos este estudio en identificar el punto de corte de ILG para el desarrollo de CIHNC en pacientes con infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Material y métodos: en este diseño de un solo centro y transversal, incluimos pacientes con IAMCEST. El análisis bioquímico incluyó glucosa y leucocitos; se calculó ILG. Se realizaron análisis univariados y bivariados, curva ROC y análisis multivariado para el desarrollo de IAMCEST. Resultados: incluimos 1294 pacientes, 79.8% hombres y 20.2% mujeres. Las principales comorbilidades fueron: hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes mellitus y dislipidemia. Seiscientos cuarenta y cuatro pacientes (49.8%) presentaron CIHNC. El ILG > 1200 con área bajo la curva (AUC) 0.817 predice el desarrollo de CIHNC en pacientes con IAMCEST. Las variables que aumentaron el desarrollo de CIHNC fueron: ILG > 1200, creatinina > 0.91 mg/dL, diabetes mellitus y edad > 65 años. La neumonía intrahospitalaria y las complicaciones cardiovasculares aumentaron el riesgo de muerte entre los pacientes con IAMCEST. Conclusión: un LGI > 1200 aumentó más de nueve veces el riesgo de desarrollo de CIHNC en pacientes con IAMCEST.

Background: The myocardial infarction-associated (MI) mortality is not only due cardiovascular complications, but intrahospital non-cardiovascular complications (IHnCVCs). The leuko-glycemic index (LGI) has been used as a prognostic marker for the development of cardiovascular complications in MI. We focused this study on identifying the cut-off point of LGI for the IHnCVCs development in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Material and methods: In this single-center and cross-sectional design, we included patients with STEMI. The biochemical analysis included glucose and leucocytes; with them we calculated the LGI. Receiver operating characteristic curve, univariate and bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis for IHnCVCs development were performed. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We included 1294 patients, 79.8% were men and 20.2% women. The main comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Six hundred forty-four (49.8%) patients presented IHNCVCs. The LGI > 1200 (AUC 0.817) predict the IHNCVCs development in STEMI patients. The variables that increased the IHNCVCs development were LGI > 1200, creatinine > 0.91 mg/dL, diabetes mellitus and age > 65 years. Hospital acquired pneumonia and cardiovascular complications increase the risk of death among STEMI patients. Conclusion: A LGI > 1200 increased, just over nine times, the risk of IHnCVC development in STEMI patients.