Determination and Measurement of Melanopic Equivalent Daylight (D65) Illuminance (mEDI) in the Context of Smart and Integrative Lighting.

In the context of intelligent and integrative lighting, in addition to the need for color quality and brightness, the non-visual effect is essential. This refers to the retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and their function, which were first proposed in 1927. The melanopsin action spectrum has been published in CIE S 026/E: 2018 with the corresponding melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance (mEDI), melanopic daylight (D65) efficacy ratio (mDER), and four other parameters. Due to the importance of mEDI and mDER, this work synthesizes a simple computational model of mDER as the main research objective, based on a database of 4214 practical spectral power distributions (SPDs) of daylight, conventional, LED, and mixed light sources. In addition to the high correlation coefficient R2 of 0.96795 and the 97% confidence offset of 0.0067802, the feasibility of the mDER model in intelligent and integrated lighting applications has been extensively tested and validated. The uncertainty between the mEDI calculated directly from the spectra and that obtained by processing the RGB sensor and applying the mDER model reached ± 3.3% after matrix transformation and illuminance processing combined with the successful mDER calculation model. This result opens the potential for low-cost RGB sensors for applications in intelligent and integrative lighting systems to optimize and compensate for the non-visual effective parameter mEDI using daylight and artificial light in indoor spaces. The goal of the research on RGB sensors and the corresponding processing method are also presented and their feasibility is methodically demonstrated. A comprehensive investigation with a huge amount of color sensor sensitivities is necessary in a future work of other research.

Comparison of diet, muscle strength, steps per day and symptoms in people with HIV and HIV-negative peers.

People with HIV (PWH) experience a high frequency of symptoms that are associated with poor clinical outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from an observational study to examine whether diet, muscle strength, or physical activity were associated with symptoms among PWH and their HIV-uninfected peers. One-hundred ninety-one individuals (105 PWH and 86 HIV uninfected) with similar age and race were included. Symptoms were examined using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) questionnaire, for which lower scores indicate higher function or fewer symptoms. The total healthy eating index score and carbohydrates, sugar sweet beverages, alcohol, and fiber consumption per day were obtained through 24-hour dietary recalls. A dynamometer was used to determine muscle strength. Steps per day were examined through 7 days of actigraphy. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between symptoms and diet, muscle strength, and steps per day. Participants were, on average, 54 years, 83% were African American, and 58% were male. In PWH, less healthy eating, fiber intake, and muscle strength were associated with poorer physical function; more steps per day were associated with fatigue; less daily carbohydrate consumption was associated with more pain. HIV-uninfected individuals demonstrated an association between fewer steps per day and poorer physical function and more pain, and less carbohydrate intake and more sleep disturbance. The relationships between diet, muscle strength, steps per day and PROMIS-29 health domains differed by HIV status.

Smoking and cessation behaviors in patients at federally funded health centers - United States, 2014.

BACKGROUND: Federally funded health centers (HCs) provide care to the most vulnerable populations in the U.S., including populations with disproportionately higher smoking prevalence such as those with lower incomes. METHODS: This study compared characteristics of adult HC patients, by cigarette smoking status, and assessed smoking cessation-related behaviors using 2014 Health Center Patient Survey data; analysis was restricted to adults with data on cigarette smoking status (n = 5583). Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Overall, 28.1 % were current smokers and 19.2 % were former smokers. Current smokers were more likely to report fair/poor health (48.2 %) and a high burden of behavioral health conditions (e.g., severe psychological distress 23.9 %) versus former and never smokers. Most current smokers reported wanting to quit in the past 12 months (79.0 %) and receiving advice to quit from a healthcare professional (78.7 %). In a multivariable model, age <45, non-white race, COPD diagnosis, and past 3-month marijuana use were significantly associated with desire to quit. Few former smokers (15.2 %) reported using cessation treatment, though use was higher among those who quit within the previous year (30.6 %). CONCLUSIONS: Although most current smokers reported a desire to quit, low uptake of evidence-based treatment may reduce the number who attempt to quit and succeed. Given the burden of tobacco use, future efforts could focus on identifying and overcoming unique personal, healthcare professional, or health system barriers to connecting them with cessation treatments. Increasing access to cessation treatments within HCs could reduce smoking-related disparities and improve population health.

Survey: Use of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Acute Low Back Pain by Physicians and Physiotherapists in Ontario / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To determine the prevalence of the use of acupuncture treatment for acute low back pain (LBP) among acupuncture practitioners, and investigate acupuncture practitioners' perceptions on the effectiveness of this treatment modality and the costs associated with its use in Canada. Methods: A questionnaire designed to achieve our objectives was distributed to all 285 members in the Ontario chapter of the Acupuncture Foundation of Canada (AFC) in September of 1996. Only responses from physicians and physiotherapists were included in the analysis. Results: Of the 281 eligible physicians and physiotherapists, 197 completed the survey (response rate of 70.1%).45.0% of the respondents were physicians and 55.0% of them were physiotherapists. 87.0% of the respondents had used acupuncture for the treatment of acute LBP in the past, 66.0% of them were using it at the time of the survey and 87.0% said they would continue to use it in the future. 83.0% of the respondents perceived acupuncture to be effective for acute LBP and 60.0% of them believed that treating acute LBP with acupuncture will prevent the development of chronic LBP. The average cost per treatment was $28 and the average time of treatments thought to be necessary to treat acute LBP was 5.7. Conclusions: The results showed that the majority of the respondents had a positive and favorable outlook towards using acupuncture for the treatment of acute LBP. They frequently used acupuncture for treating this condition in their practice and an overwhelming majority perceived acupuncture to be effective for treating acute LBP. In addition, over half of the respondents believed that acupuncture treatment would prevent the progression of acute LBP. Although the acupuncture practitioners surveyed in this study perceived acupuncture to be an effective treatment for acute LBP,quantitative data from high quality research are needed to validate these perceptions.