[Toxocariasis in children--difficult clinical problem]. / Toksokaroza u dzieci--trudny problem kliniczny.

Toxocariasis in humans is a zoonosis due to the migration of Toxocara canis or T. cati larvae in human body. This review provides basic information on pathology of infection and clinical signs and symptoms of toxocariasis in children. The cases diagnosed in the recent years in central Poland are presented. The disease was recognised accidentally based on the results of laboratory analysis performed for other reasons, when abnormalities suggesting an active helminthiasis were found (eosinophilia, elevated IgE level and/or anemia). The high rate of soil contamination in households of the patients demonstrated elevated risk of infection and reinfection in both, rural and urban areas. Presented data show the need for educational programs which should be implemented for prevention of Toxocara infection in children.

[Evaluation of the results of treatment orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in children]. / Ocena wyników leczenia miesaka miesni prazkowanych oczodolu u dzieci.

PURPOSE: To estimate the state of the vision organ in the children treated for orbital rhabdomyosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common primary malignant orbital tumor in children. RMS usually manifest clinically as rapidly progressive exophthalmus and displacement of the globe. The diagnosis is based on biopsy, CT and MR images. The treatment includes radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective review of data of 14 children between 0 and 11 years old with rhabdomyosarcmoa of orbit. After a biopsy, with precedent CT or MRI, all patients were treated with chemotherapy including or not including radiotherapy. RESULTS: 3 children died, orbital exentaration was necessary because of tumor recurrence in 3 cases, 8 children remained healthy (without recurrent disease). CONCLUSIONS: Fast diagnosis using CT, MRI and the result of biopsy, have a positive influence on the effect of neoplastic treatment and prognosis.

[Spontaneous bilateral posterior capsule rupture in child--case report]. / Samoistne obustronne uszkodzenie tylnej torebki soczewki u dziecka--opis przypadku.

Isolated posterior capsule rupture without penetrating injury has rarely been reported. Posterior capsule tears can be preexisting, spontaneous or intrasurgical. Authors report a case of progressing bilateral cataract in 3 months old boy, caused by posterior capsule rupture. Rapidly developing cataract with intumescent lens material in vitreous cavity required surgical procedure: pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy in both eyes.

[Ocular albinism in pediatric patients with nystagmus]. / Albinizm oczny u dzieci z oczoplasem.

PURPOSE: Presentation of diagnostic methods and results obtained in childre with nystagmus, with suspicion of ocular albinism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records of 9 children (range 0.2 to 5.5 years) are presented. In all cases family history, ophthalmic examination and visual evoked potentials were analyzed. RESULTS: Clinical signs of ocular albinism were found in all patients. 2 children had cutaneous albinism, VEP records of 7 children indicated abnormalities typical for albinism, clinical signs of gene carrying were found in 7 mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical signs enable us to diagnose ocular albinism with relatively high probability, nevertheless characteristic VEP records confirm diagnosis in clinically difficult cases.

[Bilateral optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) --diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. / Obustronny oponiak oslonek nerwu wzrokowego (ONSM)--problemy diagnostyczne i lecznicze.

The authors describe the case of bilateral optic nerve sheath meningioma /ONSM/ in 14 years old girl. When being hospitalized at the Neurology Clinic with paresis n.VII, the patient was examined by ophthalmologist. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and characteristic changes revealed by USG, CT and MRI. The very first ophthalmologic examination confirmed a visual acuity 5/5 OD and hand movements OS, associated with papilloedema OD and edematous optic atrophy OS. The use of USG, CT and MRI revealed bilateral tubular thickening of the optic nerves (8mm), with calcification. After the period of one year, clinical progression was observed. The intracranial tumor extended. It was shown in diagnostic imaging. The patient was operated on by neurosurgeons with histopathology verification. In the later stage she underwent radiotherapy. The case has been described because of its diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.

[Screening for retinopathy of prematurity--qualification criteria on the basis of our experience]. / Okulistyczne badania przesiewowe w retinopatii wczesniaków--kryteria kwalifikacji w obserwacjach wlasnych.

Retinopathy of prematurity is a serious disease which may cause blindness. Modern laser treatment is effective but must be done in right time. The aim of the work is to answer the question: what principles should be used in ophthalmic screening in Poland. 267 premature newborn with 3rd stage of ROP treated with laser coagulation were taken into account. Birth weight of treated children ranged from 490 to 1980 grams, gestation age ranged from 23 to 34 weeks. Laser photocoagulation was carried out between 25 and 147 days of life. Analysis of the above data leads to the following conclusions: compulsory screening for ROP in Poland should be limited to all children born before or in 34 week of gestation and children with birth weight less than 2000 grams; first examination should take place in the 4th week of life.

[Congenital stationary night blindness]. / Wrodzona niepostepujaca slepota nocna.

Authors present diagnostic procedures and dinical features of the congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) in 19 patients. Effective therapy of the concomitant ophthalmological pathologies usually improves patient's vision ability.