RESUMEN
Papillomaviruses are a large and diverse group of viruses. It includes approximately 200 fully described types that have been detected in humans. Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are etiologic agents during various, benign and malignant lesions of mucous membrane and skin epithelium. Very importantly, persistent HPV infection of certain types is a leading cause of carcinoma of uterine cervix, penis, vulva; vagina, anal canal and fauces (including tongue base and tonsils). HPV infection prophylaxis is the best means to control HPV-conditioned diseases, and vaccination, as had been demonstrated, --the most effective method of its prophylaxis. In this paper principle characteristics and clinical manifestations of papillomavirus infection, as well as effectiveness of vaccination against HPV are examined.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Ano/prevención & control , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/prevención & control , Neoplasias del Pene/prevención & control , Neoplasias de la Lengua/prevención & control , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & control , Neoplasias del Ano/patología , Neoplasias del Ano/virología , Células Epiteliales/patología , Células Epiteliales/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Membrana Mucosa/patología , Membrana Mucosa/virología , Papillomaviridae/clasificación , Papillomaviridae/inmunología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/inmunología , Neoplasias del Pene/patología , Neoplasias del Pene/virología , Piel/patología , Piel/virología , Neoplasias de la Lengua/patología , Neoplasias de la Lengua/virología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , VacunaciónRESUMEN
In the paper there is presented a review of existing guidelines and rules of operation of deicing materials (DIM), as well as opportunities for their processing with the aim to ensure the security for the environment and public health. There are described the ecological- hygienic and toxicological properties of chemicals. There are reported results of a pot experiment for the assessment of the impact of DIM on the lawn.
Asunto(s)
Ecología/organización & administración , Contaminación Ambiental/prevención & control , Higiene/normas , Vehículos a Motor , Salud Pública/normas , Solventes/análisis , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Humanos , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
The article presents data on the levels of soil pollution by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in different regions of Russia and foreign countries. For the time present proposed regulatory value for the regulation of PCBs in soils of different land uses have been established to be set mainly on the results of the calculations of risk. However used initial values and features of the methodology for calculating determine significant variability of proposed levels of PCBs in soils. Analysis of the discussed problem of regulation of PCBs in soils in different countries permitted to make the conclusion that for the sound management of PCBs in the environment, it is necessary, first of all, the solution of questions of selection of a single standardized PCBs sample and the most appropriate method for risk assessment for the characterization of the state of contaminated soils.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Ambientales , Contaminación Ambiental , Bifenilos Policlorados , Contaminantes del Suelo , Enfermedades Ambientales/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Ambientales/prevención & control , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Contaminación Ambiental/prevención & control , Contaminación Ambiental/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Internacionalidad , Concentración Máxima Admisible , Medición de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidadRESUMEN
Flue and other respiratory diseases morbidity of servicemen of training students are researched. Epidemiological and economic effectiveness of flue vaccine "Bakcuspun" (Vaksigrip) is estimated. Its non-specific protective effect in case of acute respiratory diseases and pyodermia is shown.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la Influenza/administración & dosificación , Gripe Humana/prevención & control , Vacunación Masiva/métodos , Medicina Militar , Personal Militar , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Gripe Humana/mortalidad , Masculino , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Respiratory tract infections and pyodermia are typical for personnel doing military service under conscription. Risk of progression of these infections is connected with activation of carry-over of causative agents among military personnel during replacement and decrease in immunity of conscripts. Usage of medication "Karmolis Kapli" for the purpose of prophylaxis allows to reduce cases of respiratory tract infections among the military personnel. Among the military servicemen who had take "Karmolis Kapli" was noted reduction of community-acquired pneumonia, tonsillitis and pyodermia morbidity. Non-specific protective effect of medication "Karmolis Kapli" is conditioned by increase of the common resistance of the body. For the purpose of prophylaxis it is necessary to use this medication during the personnel formation before the beginning of seasonal morbidity.
Asunto(s)
Personal Militar , Preparaciones de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Piodermia/prevención & control , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/prevención & control , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/epidemiología , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/inmunología , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/prevención & control , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunidad Humoral/efectos de los fármacos , Preparaciones de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Piodermia/epidemiología , Piodermia/inmunología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/inmunología , Federación de Rusia , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
The role of N.I. Pirogov is shown in the study of infectious factors significance in high mortality during the Crimean war combats. He recommended important organizational, sanitary and therapeutic measures both in war and peacetime conditions.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/historia , Medicina Preventiva/historia , Guerra de Crimea , Atención a la Salud/tendencias , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Medicina Preventiva/tendencias , Rusia (pre-1917)RESUMEN
During the period of 1953-2001 scarlet fever morbidity level fluctuated from 670.3 to 65.9 per 100,000 of the population in Moscow and from 531.9 to 35.0 per 100,000 of the population of the Russian Federation. In recent years an increased morbidity was more pronounced in Moscow than in the Russian Federation as a whole. Children formed the greater part of scarlet fever patients, the cases of scarlet fever among children in Moscow occurring more often than, on the average, in Russia. As before, annual morbidity among children attending children's institutions was higher 3- to 4-fold than among children brought up at home. This difference was most sharply pronounced among young children during the first two years of their life. In contrast to morbidity observed during previous 20-30 years, a drop in morbidity among children during the first two years of their life was registered, while morbidity level among children aged 3-6 years and 7-14 years increased. Scarlet fever morbidity had a pronounced seasonal (autumn-winter) pattern. In a group of children aged 3-5 years who attended organized groups, on the average, 78.6% of scarlet fever cases fell on seasonal morbidity, the most prolonged one.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Morbilidad/tendencias , Escarlatina/epidemiología , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Distribución por Edad , Niño , Guarderías Infantiles , Preescolar , Humanos , Incidencia , Moscú/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Escarlatina/economía , Estaciones del AñoAsunto(s)
Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/etiología , Dermatitis Atópica/inducido químicamente , Contaminantes Ambientales/efectos adversos , Salud Global , Bifenilos Policlorados/efectos adversos , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análogos & derivados , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/efectos adversos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Ratones , Bifenilos Policlorados/normas , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/normas , Ratas , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Éteres Corona , Éteres Cíclicos/toxicidad , Feto/efectos de los fármacos , Formaldehído/toxicidad , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Éteres Cíclicos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Feto/enzimología , Feto/patología , Formaldehído/administración & dosificación , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hipertrofia/inducido químicamente , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/patología , Intercambio Materno-Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , RatasAsunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Tolueno/análogos & derivados , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/envenenamiento , Animales , Sangre/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Central/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Concentración Máxima Admisible , Ratones , Ratas , Tolueno/toxicidadAsunto(s)
Contaminantes Ambientales/efectos adversos , Alcoholismo/fisiopatología , Compuestos de Anilina/toxicidad , Animales , Dimetilnitrosamina/toxicidad , Humanos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Métodos , Sistema Nervioso/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso/enzimología , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
The authors studied combined effect of aniline (20 mg/kg for a period of 4 weeks in drinking water) and nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (30 mg/kg, a single intragastric dose) on the activity of enzymes of different subcellular structures: endoplasmic reticulum (cytochromes P450, B5, acetylesterase), mitochondria (malate dehydrogenase) and the content of N-acetylneuraminic acid in rat liver and of lysosomes (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase). The combined action of NDMA and aniline was accompanied by more pronounced changes in the indices under investigation than isolated administration of the given chemical substances. The most pronounced aggravation of the unfavourable changes was observed in the activity of enzymes connected with the processes of oxidation and energy supply to the cell (malate dehydrogenase) and the metabolism of glucuronides (beta-glucuronidase) as well as in the content of N-acetylneuraminic acid. This may be connected with the modifying effect of aniline on the toxic effect of NDMA.