Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model in Wistar Rats as Dependent on Stress Resistance and Age.

The article focuses on the pathogenetic mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is associated with psychological stress because of the coronavirus pandemic. The molecular mechanisms responsible for disease susceptibility in some individuals and stress resistance in others are amongst crucial research interests of experimental and clinical medicine. Priority data were obtained to indicate that distortions of synthesis and metabolism and, most significantly, a switch between two energy transport forms, glucose and lipids, underlie myocardial dysfunction in young and old stress-sensitive Wistar rats in a PTSD model. Histochemistry and polarization microscopy showed energy deficit in cardiomyocytes and signs of ischemic and hypoxic areas emerging in the myocardium as a result of an accumulation of NADH and NADPH, which initiate excessive production of reactive oxygen species.

New Morphofunctional Criteria for Resistance Profile in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Models as Adrenal Dysfunction Trigger.

For the first time in modeling posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we have described the morphofunctional state of adrenal glands in Wistar rats resistant and sensitive to predator stress (rodent fear of the predator). Despite the evident signs of adrenal dysfunction in both phenotypes, we have discovered the thickening of undifferentiated cell zone and high indices of functional activity of stem cells in resistant animals, suggesting ample adaptation. The most important data demonstrate the direct relationship between the reduction of corticosterone and testosterone levels and adrenal dysfunction in PTSD models. The study results allow considering the adrenal stem cells as potential therapeutic targets.

Erratum to: "Anxiety and neurometabolite levels in the hippocampus and amygdala after prolonged exposure to predator-scent stress".

Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2019;23(5):582-587 (in Russian) Page 587, in Acknowledgements instead of The animals and behavioral testing are supported by the budget project (No. 0324-2019-0041). The MRI study is supported by the budget project (No. 0259-2019-0004). All studies are implemented using the equipment of Center for Genetic Resources of Laboratory Animals at ICG SB RAS, supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (Unique ID# of the project: RFMEFI62117X0015). should read The animals and behavioral testing are supported by the budget project (No. 0324-2019-0041). The MRI study is supported by the budget project (No. 0259-2019-0004). All studies are implemented using the equipment of Center for Genetic Resources of Laboratory Animals at ICG SB RAS, supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (Unique ID# of the project: RFMEFI62117X0015). The study was conducted within the basic part of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (No. 17.7255.2017/8.9). The original article can be found under DOI 10.18699/VJ19.528.

Effect of Repeated 1-h Episodes of Immobilization Stress on Activity of Glucocorticoid Metabolism Enzymes in the Liver.

Differences in corticosterone level associated with different activity of glucocorticoid-oxidizing enzymes in the liver were revealed in rats exposed to stress. Pro-inflammatory changes in the liver were associated with enhanced CYP3A-dependent monooxygenation.

Glucocorticoid-Related Regulation of LPO in Brain Cortex during Anxiogenic Stress.

Under conditions of periodic exposures to anxiogenic stress, intensification of LPO in the brain cortex is a glucocorticoid-dependent process. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486 prevented increase in monoamine oxidase B activity and content of LPO products of in brain cortex typical of anxiogenic stress. Normalization of LPO intensity under the effect of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist was associated with the correction of stress-induced disturbances.

[The correlation between the levels of cortisol and free radical oxidation in patients with heroin addiction depending on gender differences]. / Sootnoshenie mezhdu soderzhaniem kortizola i urovnem svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia u lits s geroinovoi narkomaniei s uchetom gendernykh razlichii.

AIM: To evaluate gender effects on the correlation between cortisol, molecular products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and carbonylation of proteins in patients with heroin addiction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors examined 82 patients, 49 men and 33 women, with heroin addiction. Biochemical and statistical methods were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gender differences in the carbonylation of proteins were noted. In men, but not in women, the low level of cortisol was associated with an increased content of carbonylated proteins. In women the level of these proteins was lower than in men. Gender did not exert an effect on LPO.

[The application of panel CytoDiff for monitoring of effectiveness of antiviral therapy in HIV-infected patients].

The study of HIV-infected patients using new five-color panel CytoDiff for flow cytofluorometry revealed the imbalance in subpopulations of leukocytes. The manifestations consisted in significant decrease of total amount of lymphocytes and also CD16+ lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes and eosinocytes with synchronous increase of level of CD16+ monocytes, neutrophils and immature B-lymphocytes. After application to patients of highly active anti-retroviral therapy occurred decrease of viral load under synchronous increase of total level of lymphocytes, CD16+ lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and also decrease of amount of CD16+ monocytes, neutrophils and immature B-lymphocytes.

Effects of glucocorticoid antagonist on protein carbonylation in rat liver after daily 1-hour immobilizations.

Daily (for 3 days) 1-hour immobilizations were followed by an increase in protein oxidative modification and leukocyte infiltration in the liver, and a decrease in monoamine oxidase B activity. Receptor antagonist of glucocorticoids RU38486 limited the stress-induced increase in protein carbonylation and decrease in monoamine oxidase B activity in the organ and enhanced leukocyte infiltration of the liver.

Correlation between circulating corticosterone and protein carbonylation in the liver after short-term hypokinesia.

We studied the correlation of the concentration of circulating corticosterone and parameters of dexamethasone suppression test with the level of protein carbonylation in the liver after short-term hypokinesia. Increasing hypokinesia duration was followed by worsening of disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system via a negative feedback mechanism and enhanced protein carbonylation in the liver.

Effects of preliminary hypokinetic stress on sensitivity of the bone marrow to the hypoplastic effect of exogenous glucocorticoid.

We studied the cell composition and free radical oxidation in the bone marrow of white outbred rats after hypokinetic stress (24 and 72 h) and the effects of exogenous glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide (2 mg/kg; injected 24 h after hypokinesia); the measurements were performed in 96 h after drug administration. The hypoplastic effect of the glucocorticoid after 24-h hypokinesia was observed against the background of reduced free radical oxidation. In animals subjected to 3-day hypokinesia, the resistance of the bone marrow to the hypoplastic effect of this drug was accompanied by activation of free radical processes.

[The energetic metabolism in newborns in normal conditions and under development of disorders of adaptation in early postnatal period].

The article deals with the prospective complex approach to laboratory analysis of energetic metabolism under states of newborns. The approach provides simultaneous detection of content of main energy substrates, activity of adenosinetriphosphatases and succinate dehydrogenases in umbilical blood, characterized by high sensitivity to hypoxia.

[Condition of erythron in newbord rats with disturbed sensorimotor reflexes].

Early adaptation issues of newborn rats of Wistar population and August line were examined. Absence of the connection between the condition of a female during the pregnancy and the birth, and newborn rats in early postnatal period was revealed.

[Immunosupressive effect of hypokinetic stress and sensitization of thymus to glucocorticoids].

24-hour hypokinetic stress expressed in decrease of sensitivity of cellular and humoral immu nity to subsequent immunization with sheep erythrocytes was studied. The development of this phenomenon is associated with sensitization of lymphoid tissue to hypoplasia effect of glycocorticoid hormones. In introduction of glycocorticoid stress, the animals revealed a more pronounced depression of proliferative activity of thymocytes compared with non stressed animals.

Modulatory influence of rarely repeated of immobilization episodes on the interleukin-1ß-dependent reaction of blood leukocytes and hepatoprotective effect of restraint stress.

Repeated episodes of 1-h restraint stress were accompanied by a decrease in the sensitivity of blood leukocytes and cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases of the liver to recombinant IL-1ß. These changes are associated with the anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective effect of chronic stress.

[The activity of platelet monoamine oxidase, red blood cell Mg-ATPase, and the level of serum magnesium in the acute period of adaptation in neonatal infants].

For early diagnosis of neonatal transient conditions that may become abnormal, it is promising to apply an integrative approach comprising the concurrent definition of the indices characterized by a high sensitivity to hypoxia. This study has investigated the predictive value of platelet monoamine oxidase and red blood cell Mg-ATPase in neonatal infants.

Variability of microsomal oxidation and porphyrin metabolism in rats.

An inverse relationship between erythropoiesis intensity and microsomal oxidation level has been detected during the early postnatal period in rats with high resistance to hypoxia.

Effect of IL-1ß receptor antagonist on lipid peroxidation in the liver in stress.

The content of molecular LPO products increased in the liver of rats exposed to daily 1-h immobilization. IL-1ß receptor antagonist limited the stress-induced intensification of LPO.

[Effect of early postnatal hypoxia on Wistar and August rats].

It was proved that hypoxia tolerance often goes together with forming of oxidative stress tolerance and has genetic predetermination on hypoxic influence. Interline difference ofhypoxia sensitivity is mainly defined by difference of oxygen-transport systems state. Genetically predetermined differences between investigated lines give the August rats the ability to use mechanisms of resistant strategy more effectively, and the Wistar rats--to use tolerant strategy more effectively.

[Free-radical processes in cardiomyopathy and concomitant vibration disease].

Progression from local vibration to cardiovascular pathology in patients with vibration disease is associated with remodeling cardiac and vascular tissues under effect of oxidative stress. Myocardium and nodular tissue are most vulnerable during development of occupational cardiopathy. Alteration of the heart rhythm wave structure is a predictor of remodeling.

Effect of deprenyl on free radical oxidation in rat brain during immobilization stress.

Rarely repeated episodes of 1-h immobilization in rats were accompanied by an increase in the content of molecular products of lipid peroxidation and decrease in the amount of oxidatively modified proteins. Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor deprenyl prevented the poststress activation of lipid peroxidation.