Use of Artificial Intelligence in Manuscript Preparation-AI as a Co-Author.

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding. While it comes with some drawbacks, it also offers numerous advantages. One significant application of AI is chatbots, which utilize natural language processing and machine learning to provide information, answer queries, and assist users. AI has various applications and dentistry is no exception. The authors conducted an experiment to assess the application of AI, particularly OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google Apps Script, in various stages of information gathering and manuscript preparation in parallel with conventional human-driven approaches. AI can serve as a valuable instrument in manuscript preparation; however, relying solely or predominantly on AI for manuscript writing is insufficient if the goal is to produce a high-quality article for publication in a peer-reviewed, high-impact journal that can contribute to the advancement of science and society.

New supplemental landmark for the greater palatine foramen as found deep to soft tissue: application for the greater palatine nerve block.

PURPOSE: Many researches have investigated the morphology of the greater palatine foramina using dry skulls and cone-beam computed tomography. In most studies, some structures in the hard tissue have been measured and statistically analyzed. However, none of the studies has analyzed this foramen in regard to its location with overlying soft tissues, which is so clinically relevant. Therefore, this study was performed to provide the knowledge about relationship between the greater palatine foramen and foveola palatina for a better understanding of dental procedures such as greater palatine nerve block. METHODS: Thirty sides, from fifteen fresh cadaveric heads, were used in this study. The specimens were derived from eight males and seven females. A 27-gauge needle was inserted into the fossa, which was palpated at the edge of a dental mirror at a 45° angle to the occlusal plane and parallel to the sagittal plane. The anteroposterior distance, which was parallel to the midline, between the penetration site and foveola palatina was measured. RESULTS: All the penetrations advanced to the greater palatine foramen. The distances ranged from 2.0 to 8.3 mm on right sides, and 1.1 to 8.2 mm on left sides, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study could help dentists identify the correct location of the greater palatine foramen with a supplemental landmark.

Restoration of gingival and esthetic deformities following flap advancement: the physiologically pigmented gingival graft--a case report.

The coronal advancement of surgical flaps and subsequent shift of the mucogingival junction during bone augmentation procedures are common. These mucogingival alterations may become a challenge to manage in the maxillary anterior region among patients with a high lip line upon smiling or high esthetic demands. To further complicate matters, the presence of physiologic gingival pigmentation in the esthetic zone creates challenges of its own. In this case, a free gingival graft from the buccal gingiva of the maxillary molars was used to correct the mucogingival deformity created from a guided bone regeneration procedure.

Significance of crown shape in the replacement of a central incisor with a single implant-supported crown.

OBJECTIVE: When utilizing a single implant-supported crown to replace a central incisor, understanding the final shape of the implant restoration is an important factor to help achieve a successful esthetic outcome. In today's dentistry, tooth shape is a critical factor when dental implant prostheses are considered in the esthetic zone. The major esthetic goal for this type of restoration is to achieve the closest possible symmetry with the adjacent tooth, both at the soft and at the hard tissue levels. The goal of this study was to objectively analyze the significance of natural crown shape when replacing a central incisor with a single implant-supported crown. METHOD AND MATERIALS: In this study, we investigated the shape of the crowns of maxillary central incisors in 60 individuals who presented to our clinics with an untreatable central incisor. The presence of a dental diastema, "black triangle," presence or absence of gingival symmetry, and the presence or absence of dental symmetry were recorded in the pre- and postoperative photographs. RESULTS: Out of 60 patients, 33.3% had triangular-shaped crowns, 16.6% square/tapered, and 50% square-shaped crown form. After treatment was rendered, 65% of the triangular group, 40% of the square/tapered group, and 13.3% of the square group required an additional restoration on the adjacent central incisor in order to fulfill the esthetic needs of the patients. CONCLUSION: Data analysis revealed that if there is a "black triangle," a diastema, or presence of dental or gingival asymmetry, an additional restoration on the adjacent central incisor is often required in order to fulfill esthetic goals. The additional restoration is highly recommended in situations with a triangular crown shape, while it is suggested in cases of square/tapered and square tooth shapes in the presence of a dental diastema.

Comparison of the anatomic crown width/length ratios of unworn and worn maxillary teeth in Asian and white subjects.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Various aspects of anatomic tooth dimensions have been examined in a number of studies where data are primarily based on the measurements obtained from white subjects. Additional factors such as ethnicity should be considered to produce a more comprehensive analysis. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the anatomic crown dimensions of extracted maxillary teeth in Asian and white populations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The width/length ratio (%) was calculated with standardized digital images of extracted maxillary anterior teeth from 157 Asian and 142 white subjects. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the 4 tooth groups (central incisiors, lateral incisiors, canines, and premolars) of the 2 ethnicities. The distribution of the outcome variables were examined for normality with the Kolmigorov-Smirnov test. Independent sample t tests were used to examine differences in outcomes in Asian and white subjects. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (P<.05) in the width/length ratios of all maxillary anterior teeth in Asian and white subjects. In addition, there was a significant difference in the width of unworn central incisors and the length of worn lateral incisors and canines. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnicity influences width/length ratios for all 4 anterior maxillary teeth. Anterior maxillary teeth in Asian subjects appear to be more slender when compared with those in white subjects.

Analysis of the shapes of maxillary central incisors in a Caucasian population.

The purpose of this study was to objectively define and quantify triangular, square, and square/tapered maxillary central incisors. In this study, the shape of maxillary central incisor crowns was investigated in 100 healthy individuals. The results showed that when the contact surface/crown length ratio is less than 43%, the tooth is triangular in shape; when the ratio is more than 57%, the tooth is square in shape; and when the ratio is between 43% and 57%, the tooth is defined as square/tapered. Since it has been shown that the morphologic characteristics of the gingiva and periodontium are partly related to the shape of the teeth, a means of truly defining the shapes of the incisors is now available. This is significant in predicting esthetics, bone volume, and susceptibility to recession, pocketing in the natural dentition, and ridge shrinkage for prosthetic tooth replacement.

Anatomical crown width/length ratios of worn and unworn maxillary teeth in Asian subjects.

Crown width/length ratios have been considered an important aspect in the esthetic zone. Because previous investigations focused on Caucasian populations, limited information is available on other ethnic groups to propose a comprehensive approach to anterior maxillary teeth. The purpose of this study was to analyze the dimensions of anatomical crowns of maxillary anterior tooth groups with respect to width, length, and width/length ratios among an Asian population. The tooth dimensions presented in this investigation may serve as guidelines for treatment planning in restorative dentistry and periodontal surgery for this particular ethnic group.

Double flap incision design for guided bone regeneration: a novel technique and clinical considerations.

BACKGROUND: Premature membrane exposure for guided bone regeneration may result in complications, such as inadequate bone regeneration, inflammatory reactions, and wound infection. This paper presents a clinical case of a novel incision-flap design used to advance the flap to enhance tension-free primary closure for the vertical ridge augmentation. METHODS: A 61-year-old white man presented with the chief complaint of wanting to replace his posterior mandibular teeth. A severe alveolar bone deformity vertically and horizontally (Seibert Class III) was noticed, especially over the mental foramen area. A staged guided bone regeneration procedure prior to the implant installation was chosen as the most optimal treatment. A partial-thickness flap, separating the mucosal flap from the periosteum overlying the alveolar bone, was used to advance the flap. RESULTS: During the healing period, neither soft tissue dehiscence nor membrane exposure were noted. Clinical and radiographic evaluation revealed a 4- to 5-mm gain in vertical height and a noticeable increase in horizontal thickness. After the 6 to 8 months of healing for both sites, two implants were placed on each side with good primary stability and without complications. CONCLUSIONS: This technique facilitates flap advancement by the tension-free nature of the design and enhances soft tissue maintenance during the course of regeneration. This approach, the separation of the periosteal layer and the mucosal layer, can be used as an alternative to overcome some of the limitations with conventional technique.