Relationship of the chemical structure and immunobiological activities of lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus faecalis (Enterococcus hirae) ATCC 9790.

Two molecular species of lipoteichoic acid (LTA 1 and LTA 2) were isolated from whole cells of Streptococcus faecalis (Enterococcus hirae) ATCC 9790 by hydrophobic chromatography on Octyl Sepharose CL-4B. Chemical analysis revealed that LTA 1 and LTA 2 contained two and four acyl lipid anchors respectively. LTA 1 was less active than LTA 2 in inducing cytokines, except interleukin-1 (IL-1), but their in vivo antitumour effects were similar. LTA 2 was a potent inducer of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon (IFN) production and had excellent antitumour activity against Meth A fibrosarcoma established in mice. Deacylation of LTA 2 by alkaline hydrolysis abolished these biological activities. The phosphatidylglycolipid fraction derived from LTA 2 after acid hydrolysis could also induce TNF, IFN, and IL-1 production, as well as having antitumour activity against Meth A fibrosarcoma. Therefore, the lipid anchor portion of S. faecalis LTA may play an important role in the manifestation of these various biological activities.

Comparative study of lipopolysaccharides from Wolinella recta, W. curva, W. succinogenes and Campylobacter sputorum ssp. sputorum.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were extracted from cells of Wolinella recta ATCC 33238, W. curva ATCC 33224, W. succinogenes ATCC 29543 and Campylobacter sputorum ssp. sputorum A 3563 by a hot phenol-water method and purified by nuclease treatment and by repeated ultracentrifugation. Chemical compositions of the purified LPS including fatty acid and sugar composition were examined and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed. All LPS preparations contained a monosaccharide identified as L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, and another heptose isomer identified as D-glycero-D-mannoheptose was a typical constituent of the LPS from all three Wolinella species.

Isolation and characterization of lipopolysaccharide from Centipeda periodontii ATCC 35019.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted from cells of Centipeda periodontii ATCC 35019 by a hot phenol-water method, purified by nuclease treatment and by repeated ultracentrifugations. The LPS was composed of 21.7% hexose, 9.1% hexosamine, 10.3% fatty acid, 0.5% protein, 2.5% phosphorus, 4.3% 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate(KDO) and 2.3% heptose. The major fatty acids of the LPS were 3OH C13:0 and C13:0. C. periodontii LPS was able to gelatinize Limulus amebocyte and to produce the local Schwartzman reaction in rabbits. LPS from C. periodontii exhibited strong immunobiological activities, mitogenicity on splenocytes of C3H/HeN mice, and stimulation of interleukin 1 (IL-1) production in peritoneal macrophages of C3H/HeN mice.