The Effect of Using Virtual Reality During Burn Dressing on Pain, Anxiety and Fear Felt in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of using virtual reality (VR) during burn dressing on the level of fear, anxiety, and pain that children would experience. This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a pretest-posttest design. Randomization of the participants (n = 65) was performed with the block randomization method. Then, 33 children were included in the intervention and 32 children in the control group with simple sequential randomization. The study data were collected using the "Family and Child Personal Information Form," "Physiological Parameters Registration Form," "Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale," "Children's Fear Scale," and "Children's Anxiety Meter-State." The chi-square test, t-test, Shapiro-Wilk, mean, and percentile distributions were used for the data analysis. After dressing, the physiological parameters of the children who used VR were found to be within normal limits (HR: 108.48 ± 12.43, O2: 98.39 ± 1.14) compared to the children who did not use (HR: 117.38 ± 15.25, O2: 97.81 ± 1.35) (P < .05). After the dressing, children using VR (0.85 ± 1.23) were determined to have less fear than those who did not use them (3.03 ± 1.06), and similarly, children who used VR (2.64 ± 2.73) experienced less anxiety than those who did not use them (5.84 ± 2.26). When the pain levels were evaluated, the VR group (1.79 ± 2.04) was reported to feel less pain compared to the control group (5.50 ± 2.36). The VR used by children aged 5-10 years during burn dressing has been found to affect their physiological parameters and is effective in reducing fear, anxiety, and pain levels.

The effects of vibration and pressure interventions on children's pain, fear and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: The effects of vibration and pressure methods on the level of fear, anxiety, and pain of pediatric patients who were admitted to the emergency department for intramuscular injection were evaluated. METHODS: This was a parallel group and a randomized controlled study conducted in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 114 children aged between 5 and 10 years who presented to the emergency department to receive intramuscular ceftriaxone injection as part of their treatment. The children were randomized into three groups: Vibration Intervention Group (n = 38), Pressure Intervention Group (n = 38) and Control Group (n = 38). Before the procedure, the level of anxiety and fear of the children were evaluated, and the level of perceived pain during the procedure was immediately evaluated after the intervention. Parents and nurses also rated the level of pain. Data were analyzed with non-parametric tests using SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS: According to the evaluations made by children, mothers, and nurses, there was a significant difference between pain scores of children in the vibration and pressure intervention groups during the procedure and children in the control group (p < 0.000). There was a significant difference between anxiety and fear scores of children in the vibration and pressure groups and children in the control group before and after the intervention according to the evaluations of the children, mothers, and nurses (p < 0.000). CONCLUSION: Vibration and pressure interventions used during intramuscular injections administered to children in the emergency department were found to reduce pain, anxiety, and fear based on the evaluations of children, mothers, and nurses. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Vibration and pressure are effective and useful in relieving pain associated with intramuscular injections in children aged between 5 and 10 years.

The effect of the distraction methods used before the COVID-19 test on the fear and anxiety levels of children: a RCT study.

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the distraction methods employed before nasopharyngeal swab sampling from children within the scope of the COVID test on their anxiety and fear levels. The study was an RCT with parallel groups conducted according to the CONSORT statement at the pediatric emergency unit of a hospital in Turkey. Children aged 5-10 years were randomized into three groups: Kaleidoscope, Visual Illusion Cards, and control. Data were collected by the researchers using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Children's Anxiety Meter-State, and the Children's Fear Scale. According to the reports of the children, the parents, and the nurse, the mean anxiety score and the mean fear score in the experimental groups were significantly lower after the nasopharyngeal swab procedure compared to the control group (p < .05). Fear and anxiety were observed less in the visual illusion cards group and the kaleidoscope group.

Children's Pain, Fear, and Anxiety During Invasive Procedures.

This study was conducted to find out the effects of different means of games used during pediatric blood draw on the levels of procedure-induced fear and anxiety. Patient descriptive information form and selected scales were completed for both the experimental and control group before the blood drawing procedure. During the blood draw procedure, the children in the experimental group listened to music and watched video games. Following the blood draw procedure, the children were given the Fear of Medical Procedure Scale and State Anxiety Inventory for a second time. The results of the study showed that differences between pre- and postprocedure average total scores of Fear of Medical Procedure Scale were statistically significant for all groups (p < .05). As a conclusion, it was found that making children listen to music or watch a video during blood draw was effective in decreasing their medical procedure fear levels and state anxiety.

An Analysis of the Anxiety Levels of Mothers Who Participate in Education and Therapeutic Games About Their Children's Surgeries.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education and therapeutic games on the postoperative anxiety level of mothers who participated in education and therapeutic games with their children. DESIGN: This study used a quasi-experimental method. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 300 mothers. Data were collected using a questionnaire on the sociodemographic characteristics of the parents and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for others. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. The mothers in the control group were given a routine explanation of the study. The mothers in the education group were given educational booklets and shown a video presentation. The other group participated in therapeutic games with various game materials and some medical tools along with their children after the education. FINDINGS: The difference between the preoperative and postoperative STAI score averages of the mothers who were educated and participated in the games with their children was significantly lower than the difference between STAI score averages of the mothers in the control group (P < .05). The STAI score averages were found to be lower in the education group than in the education and game group (P > .05). Although the trait anxiety score averages were reduced more in the education and game group than in the education group, the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety levels of the mothers in the education and education + game group were found to be lower than those of the mothers in the control group.