The Importance of Determining the Level of Bone Metabolism Markers and Vitamin D in the First Year of Life in the Kazakh Population.

OBJECTIVE: The research aimed to determine the importance of vitamin D and markers of bone metabolism in the overall assessment of bone mineralization during a child's first year of life. METHODS: The 198 children were selected by screening all infants seen at our pediatric clinic over a 2-year period from 2020-2022 and including those who met the eligibility criteria of being aged 0 to 1 year, healthy with no chronic conditions, and not on vitamin D supplementation. Children were divided into 3 groups depending on the content of vitamin D in the blood serum: sufficient, insufficient, and deficient. The markers of bone tissue status included: markers of mineral metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin), a marker of bone formation (osteocalcin), resorption marker (deoxypyridinoline). Laboratory values were obtained at the time of study enrollment during the initial study visit. Labs were not repeated during the course of the study. RESULTS: A quarter of the infants exhibited vitamin D deficiency at enrollment with serum 25OHD concentrations below 20 ng/mL, which showed a positive correlation with serum calcium and phosphorus -concentrations and a negative correlation with PTH, while osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline concentrations remained consistent regardless of vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS: The study's practical significance allows for the recommendation of using vitamin D -concentrations as a marker to detect bone formation and mineral metabolism disorders in children during their first year of life. By identifying and addressing these issues early on, the health care system aims to ensure better musculoskeletal health for children.

Features of d-vitamin status in young children in the Kazakh population.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The purpose of the article is to form the parameters of vitamin D status in young children in the ethnic group of Kazakh nationality with the factor of highlighting the necessary recommendations for the prevention of hypovitaminosis D. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Methods for the study of the highlighted problem are the diagnosis of young children in the parameter of clinical and anamnestic research, which includes the collection of anamnestic data of children of Kazakh nationality within the framework of the identified data based on a questionnaire of parents, an evaluation component in the child's health factor at the level of his initial state, and laboratory analysis to determine 25(OH)D to identify the content of vitamin D using the method of electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS: Results: Analysis of vitamin D levels revealed significant differences among age groups. In the 0-28-day group, average vitamin D was 13.35 ng/ml, with 92.8% deficient. In the 1-6-month group, it was 21.47 ng/ml, with 84% deficient. In the over 6-month group, it was 33.58 ng/ml, with 40% sufficient. Formula-fed children had the lowest levels (average 15.21 ng/ml), while breastfed children had insufficiency (average 23.91 ng/ml). Children with vitamin D supplementation averaged 25.9 ng/ml, compared to 19.01 ng/ml without supplementation. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The results point to a widespread deficiency of vitamin D and offer practical recommendations for its prevention, such as creating a unified system of timely diagnosis, implementing preventive measures in pregnant women and young children, including a balanced diet enriched with vitamin D, staying outdoors in the bright hours of the day.

The levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in premature infants with perinatal infections.

Intrauterine infections are an urgent problem of modern neonatology. One of the causes of intrauterine infective foetal lesions is physiological immunosuppression. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cytokine status in newborns infected with perinatal infections, depending on their body weight. The study examined 145 newborns. Taking into account their body weight, they were divided into 2 groups: main and secondary. The study was conducted in the immunological laboratory of the Medical Centre of Marat Ospanov West Kazakhstan Medical University in the city of Aktobe, with the determination of the level of IgM and IgG to the herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1, 2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and chlamydia using the MULTISKANASCENT analyser with the "Chemo" T system. The main results of this study are the predominance of the anti-inflammatory component in both normal weight and underweight infants, which is evidence of the Th-cell-mediated immune response prevalence. The applied value of this study lies in the possibility of applying its results in practice to obtain effective methods to counteract the occurrence and development of intrauterine infections.

Bone turnover markers in children and adolescents with environmentally determined short stature, living in the oil and gas processing region.

In conditions of intensive development of gas fields, environmental safety issues are becoming increasingly important. High rates of gas production and growth of its chemical processing have turned gas industry enterprises into a powerful source of environmental pollution, which poses a real threat to public health and contributes to an increase in morbidities and environmentally determined pathological conditions. The development of methods for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of such conditions is an important task for modern science. The aim of the research is to make a comprehensive assessment of serum markers of bone synthesis and resorption in children with short stature living in the oil and gas processing regions. A total of 240 children aged 8-17 years, living in the oil and gas processing region (Kenkiyak), and 409 schoolchildren (8-17 years old), living in the environmentally favourable region (Kobda village), during 3 years were examined. It was established that emissions of pollutants by oil processing enterprises account for almost 80% of all emissions into the atmosphere. Gas flaring at oil production sites plays a special role in this process. Speaking of the effects of environmental factors on children's health, it should be noted that there is no consensus on the mechanisms and consequences of exposure to low doses of chemical atmospheric pollutants in children and adolescents so far.

Development of scientifically justified proposals on the prevention and treatment of environmentally determined constitutional growth delay in children in the West Kazakhstan region.

Environmental pollution in many regions of Kazakhstan poses a threat to the growth and development of local children. For children living the near the Aral Sea, chrome processing and gas processing regions, we undertook a medical examination, including physical and sexual development parameters, laboratory studies (complete blood count, urinalysis, blood chemistry), bone age, blood levels of microelements (chromium, manganese, nickel, lead, copper) and hormones [thyroid (T3, T4, TSH), sexual (LH, FSH), growth (STH, IGF-1)], in consultation with relevant specialist doctors. Statistical analysis showed a significant prevalence of short stature among children living, on average, 22.9 versus 7.8% in the control region. Children in these regions have high blood levels of toxic chromium, manganese, lead and nickel compounds. The main causes of short stature in children living in the Aral Sea, chrome processing and oil and gas processing regions are cerebral-endocrine pathologies, hereditary diseases, somatogenic diseases, constitutional growth delay, a toxic chemical load and ecologically determined short stature. A working classification of short stature in children living in the Aral Sea, chrome processing and gas processing regions, including ecologically dependent short stature, has been developed. The scheme of medical and recreational measures for children living in the Aral Sea, chrome processing and gas processing regions was proposed.