Size-Tuning of WSe2 Flakes for High Efficiency Inverted Organic Solar Cells.

The development of large-scale production methods of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, with on-demand control of the area and thickness, is mandatory to fulfill the potential applications of such materials for photovoltaics. Inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cell (OSC), which exploits a polymer-fullerene binary blend as the active material, is one potentially important application area for 2D crystals. A large ongoing effort is indeed currently devoted to the introduction of 2D crystals in the binary blend to improve the charge transport properties. While it is expected that the nanoscale domains size of the different components of the blend will significantly impact the performance of the OSC, to date, there is no evidence of quantitative information on the interplay between 2D crystals and fullerene domains size. Here, we demonstrate that by matching the size of WSe2 few-layer 2D crystals, produced by liquid-phase exfoliation, with that of the PC71BM fullerene domain in BHJ OSCs, we obtain power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ∼9.3%, reaching a 15% improvement with respect to standard binary devices (PCE = 8.10%), i.e., without the addition of WSe2 flakes. This is the highest ever reported PCE for 2D material-based OSCs, obtained thanks to the enhanced exciton generation and exciton dissociation at the WSe2-fullerene interface and also electron extraction to the back metal contact as a consequence of a balanced charge carriers mobility. These results push forward the implementation of transition-metal dichalcogenides to boost the performance of BHJ OSCs.

Solution processed reduced graphene oxide electrodes for organic photovoltaics.

Since the isolation of free standing graphene in 2004, graphene research has experienced a phenomenal growth. Due to its exceptional electronic, optical and mechanical properties, graphene is believed to be the next wonder material for optoelectronics. The enhanced electrical conductivity, combined with its high transparency in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum, enabled graphene to be an ideal low cost indium-tin oxide (ITO) substitute. Solution-processed reduced graphene oxide combines the unique optoelectrical properties of graphene with large area deposition and flexible substrates rendering it compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing methods. This paper provides an overview of recent research progress in the application and consequent physical-chemical properties of solution-processed reduced graphene oxide-based films as transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can be effectively utilized as the TCE in flexible OPVs, where the brittle and expensive ITO is incompatible. The prospects and future research trends in graphene-based TCEs are also discussed.