Oral and dental health in children with chronic liver disease in the Turkey Northeast.

BACKGROUND: It is important to be aware of oral and dental problems in the early period in children with chronic liver disease (CLD) to prevent late complications. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the oral and dental health status in children with CLD. METHODS: The three groups of children (3-18 years old); Group 1 (disease group, n = 31) patients with CLD, Group 2 (disease control group, n = 17) patients with chronic renal failure, and Group 3 healthy children (control group, n = 35). Examination of oral and dental structures were made, and then salivary parameters were analyzed. Antegonial index were calculated from panoramic X-rays. RESULTS: Enamel hypoplasia was found in 54.8%, 41.1%, and 31.4% of the children in the Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P1-3 < 0.05). High salivary buffer capacity was found in 45.2% and 70.6% of the patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, and 45.7% of the children in healthy group, (P1-2 and P2-3 < 0.05). Factors associated with enamel hypoplasia in patients with CLD were male gender (64.7% vs. 21.4%, P < 0.05) and the presence of malnutrition (41.1% vs. 7.1%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pediatric hepatologists must be aware of the dental problems in children with CLD. Enamel hypoplasia is common in children with CLD, and it may predispose to dental caries.

Comparison of modified Teuscher and van Beek functional appliance therapies in high-angle cases.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of modified Teuscher and van Beek functional appliances on the skeletal and dento-alveolar pattern in high-angle Class II, Division 1 patients. The collective consisted of 32 patients with a high-angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. The modified Teuscher activator was applied to a group of twelve patients, and the van Beek activator to a group of ten patients. A control group of ten subjects was used for comparison purposes. The mean chronological ages of the groups were 12, 11.8 and 11.5 years, respectively. 64 cephalograms taken before and after the treatment were evaluated. Intra-group measurement relations were determined by the Wilcoxon test, and inter-group relations by analysis of variance and Duncan tests, using SPSS statistical software. The following results were observed for both treated groups without any change in growth direction: inhibition of maxillary growth, stimulation of mandibular growth, retrusion of upper incisors, distal tipping of upper molars, and reduction of overjet and overbite compared with the control group. The decrease in overbite in the van Beek group was due mainly to intrusion of the incisors, and in the modified Teuscher group to molar extrusion. Both activators were considered preferable in terms of vertical control of the facial height in high-angle cases with deep overbite. However, stimulation of mandibular growth in the modified Teuscher activator group was found to be more significant than in the van Beek activator group.

The use of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment need (IOTN) in a school population and referred population.

The aim of this study is to assess the need for orthodontic treatment in a Turkish school population and a group of population referred for orthodontic treatment. The study groups were 250 school children, 11-14 years of age, and 250 patients, 11-14 years of age, referred to the department of orthodontics. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used by two examiner in order to estimate the treatment need. The differences between the IOTN values for the boys and girls were also not statistically significant in both groups. When the dental health component of IOTN is considered, 38.8 per cent of Turkish school population showed great need treatment, 24.0 per cent moderate need treatment and slight or no need was 37.2 per cent. On the other hand, the referred population represented an 83.2 per cent great need treatment, 12.0 per cent moderate need treatment, 4.8 per cent no need treatment according to the DHC. The AC of IOTN in school population resulted in 4.8 per cent great need, 4.8 per cent moderate need, 90.4 per cent no need. These percentage were 36.8 per cent great need, 17.6 per cent moderate need, 45.2 per cent no need in referred population. Grade 8 was 28.8 per cent out of the 36.8 per cent great need percentage in referred population. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ectopic canines were the driving factor for the referred population.

A comparison of chincap and maxillary protraction appliances in the treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusions.

The purpose of this retrospective investigation was to compare cephalometrically the treatment effects of chincap and maxillary protraction appliances in subjects with a Class III skeletal malocclusion with a combination of an underdeveloped maxilla and prominent mandible. Twenty-four patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment type; the chincap group (mean age 11.03 years, n = 12) and the Delaire type maxillary protraction appliance group (mean age 10.72 years, n = 12). In both groups, a significant increase in ANB, molar relationship, and overjet showed the effect of the appliances in the treatment of Class III malocclusions. In comparing the two groups, the maxilla was displaced more anteriorly and the molar relationship correction was greater in the maxillary protraction appliance group (P < 0.05). Angular and dimensional parameters for lower incisor/NB and nasolabial angle showed significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05).

Long-term evaluation after chincap treatment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the skeletal changes occurring during and after chincap therapy. The subjects of this study, with a mean age of 9 years 3 months, consisted of 27 patients; all of whom possessed an anterior crossbite. Of these patients, 15 had skeletal Class III and the remaining 12 had skeletal Class I malocclusions with anterior crossbites. The applied total force with the chincap was 600 grams and the mean treatment period was 12 months. The changes during and after treatment were analysed by using linear and angular cephalometric measurements. The result obtained in this investigation was that in skeletal Class I and Class III cases, successfully treated by a chincap appliance, where the necessary overjet and overbite relationship was obtained, the abnormality tended to return to the original position during the period following chincap removal.

Relation of ectodermal dysplasia and hypodontia.

Ectodermal dysplasia and hypodontia were diagnosed in three families who referred to Gazi University Pedodontic Department in 1989. From the view point of dentistry, it is intended to point out the genetic transitive character of ectodermal dysplasia and its possible relation with hypodontia. Also; some approaches to satisfy the patients in social and psychological aspects besides replacing the functional and cosmetic demands were carried out.

[The orthodontic approach on the patients with temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement]. / Anterior disk deplasmanli hastalara ortodontik yaklasim.

Protrusive splint therapy is applied for the preventive treatment on the patients with temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement. When the treatment becomes successful, the main treatment methods are applied. These methods are selective grinding, orthodontic and/or prosthetic applications. In this paper, three different orthodontic treatments are applied for three patients who has undergone protrusive splint therapy.

[The effect of protrusive splint therapy on the dento-facial skeletal pattern]. / Protrusiv splint tedavisinin çene - yüz iskelet yapisina etkisi.

Twenty-five adult patients with temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement with reduction of initial and intermediate phase were applied mandibular anterior repositioning splint therapy and changes in dento-facial skeletal pattern and facial profile were evaluated. By the use of splint, the differences in ANB, SNA angle; SE, Mo-MS, Ms-S dimensions; overjet, overbite and anterior facial height were found statistically significant. The changes occurred in profile and GoGn-SN angle did not show significance.