[Obtaining of bacterial bioluminescent strain Protobacterium phosphoreum B7071 (lux+) for the determination of zinc ion concentration].

The transconjugate containing hybrid plasmid (Te(R)Zn(R)lux+) was obtained using the conjugation method on Pseudomonasfragi T2(5) (Te(R)ZnR) strain and bioluminescent strain Protobacterium phosphoreum B7071 (lux+). The expression regulation of lux-genes on the obtained plasmid is carried out by promotor-operational area conjointly with zinc resistance genes. The cells of the obtained genetically modified bacteria have the ability to specific induced luminescence, which is a respond to zinc ions' presence in the measuring medium. It was shown that the cells' bioluminescence intensity of trans-conjugate is linearly dependent on zinc ions' concentration within the range of 1-100 microM, that provides the opportunity of using biosensor as a strain for qualitative and quantitative detection of the metal. The low sensitivity limit of this method is 0.5 microM for the metal. Besides having high sensitivity, the developed lux-biosensor is highly specified.

[Structural and functional aspects of bacterial membranes and liposomes interactions].

Effect of exogenous lipids on the morphology and enzymatic activity of Bacillus cereus B4368 membrane has been studied. Specific character of different lipids action on the membrane enzyme activity was found. This peculiarity had been taken into account by using liposomes in biological systems.

[Effect of colloid gold on physiologic-biochemical processes in Escherichia coli 1257]. / Vliianie kolloidnogo zolota na fiziologo-biokhimicheskie protsessy Escherichia coli 1257.

The influence of colloid gold on the growth processes, ATP-ase activity and extrusion of protons in Escherichia coli 1257 was studied. The particles of colloid gold exert nonmonotonous influence on these processes with different direction is such a way that small concentration of this metal (5 x 10(-7)-5 x 10(-6) mg/ml) exert stimulative effect, while higher concentrations of colloid gold result in the suppression of biological activity of the bacterial cells. The discovered peculiarities of colloid gold influence of E. coli strain may be determined by specificity of contact interaction of metal particles with the surface of bacterial cells.

[Obtaining bioluminescent bacterial strains for detection of thallium ions]. / Poluchenie bioliuminestsentnykh shtammov bakterii dlia detektsii ionov talliia.

The possibility of Alcaligenes eutrophus T1 luxphenotype creation by temperature induced mutagenesis has been shown. These mutants are able to emit light after induction by thallium ions. This biological method of thallium detection possesses high specificity and sensitivity (0.5 microM of metal). Such microbial cells can be used to quantify bioavailability of thallium part in the environment.

[Inhibitory effect of lead ions on cells of some strains of Pseudomonas species bacteria]. / Izuchenie ingibiruiushchego vliianiia ionov svintsa na kletki nekotorykh shtammov bakterii roda Pseudomonas.

The inhibition effect of ionic lead on membrane ATPase activity, transmembrane potential (delta psi) and permeability level of the Pb-sensitive P. fluorescens B894 and Pb-resistant P. fluorescens B4252 bacteria cells have been studied. It have been shown that decreasing ATPase activity and transmembrane potential values and the increasing of permeability by lead are higher for Pb-sensitive strain then for Pb-resistant. It is suggested that mechanism of the ionic lead toxic effect deals with plasma membrane biochemical parameters (ATPase activity, value of delta psi) alterations and interruption of it barrier function.

[Effect of introduced microorganisms on copper and cobalt mobility in soil]. / Vliianie introdutsirovannykh mikroorganizmov na podvizhnost' medi i kobal'ta v pochve.

The paper deals with the change of copper and cobalt mobility in contaminated soil when activating microbiological processes by introduction of sources of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, metal-resistant microorganisms. When Bacillus cereus BKM 4368 growing in soil fertilized with glucose one can observe a 5-fold increase of cocentration of heavy-metal mobile forms as compared with sterile soil. The use of acetate as a carbon source and Alcaligenes euthrophus CH 34 culture as inoculum will provide a 3-fold decrease of concentration of copper and cobalt mobile forms in the process of microorganisms growth. Contribution of the soil microflora to the process of transformation of heavy metals under the investigated conditions was too low. The results obtained give a possibility to regulate the level of mobile forms of heavy metals in soil by means of choosing the adequate sources of carbon and microbial cultures.

[Inducible surface proteins from some strains of Pseudomonas species bacteria while adapting to cobalt]. / Indutsibel'nye poverkhnostnye belki nekotorykh shtammov bakterii roda Pseudomonas v usloviiakh adaptatsii k kobal'tu.

The possibility of increasing resistance of some Pseudomonas strains to cobalt at adaptation to monotonous increasing its concentration was studied. Strains Pseudomonas fluorescens B5242 and Pseudomonas fluorescens B894 are capable to increase its resistance in such conditions via inducible synthesis of protective surface proteins. The molecular masses of such proteins were 55.0; 45.0 and 33.0 kDa for P. fluorescens B5242 strain.

[Effect of thallium of ATP-ase activity and transmembrane potential in bacteria]. / Vliianie talliia na ATP-aznuiu aktivnost' i transmembrannyi potentsial bakterii.

Effect of thallium (TlNO3) on the ATPase activity and transmembrane potential (Dj) of bacteria with different levels of resistance to this metal has been studied. The hypothesis has been made that the resistance biochemical mechanism is based on the energy transformation systems in the cell.

[Transmembrane potential and ATP-ase activity of the plasma membrane of bacteria exposed to heavy metals]. / Transmembrannyi potentsial i ATP-aznaia aktivnost' plazmaticheskoi membrany bakterii pri vozdeistvii tiazhelykh metallov.

Effect of heavy metals (gold, zinc and cadmium) on the ATPase activity and transmembrane potential (delta psi) as integral index of bacterial cells membrane processes intensity has been studied. It was shown that studied membrane systems of bacteria are very sensitive to the action of heavy metals and they can serve as indicators of resistance of bacterial cultures.

[Bacterial cell membrane ATPase in assessing heavy metal toxicity]. / ATFaza plazmaticheskikh membran bakterii v otsenke toksichnosti tiazhelykh metallov.

Sensitivity of membrane ATPase to heavy metals was studied in bacterial stains Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Bacillus cereus B4368, and Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34 was studied. The inhibition effects of metals on membrane ATPase ranged in the same order (Au > Cu > Zn > Co > Mn) as their effects on the growth of cultures. It is suggested that membrane ATPase is one of the targets for the action of heavy metal ions within the microbial cell and, therefore, its activity may serve as an indicator of their toxicity.

[The destruction of cyanides and their metal complexes by natural bacterial trains]. / Destruktsiia tsianidov i ikh metallokompleksov prirodnymi shtammami bakterii.

Natural strains of bacteria of Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera able to destroy cyanides are obtained. Natural strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens B-5040 has a property to destroy high concentration of cyanides (100-200 mg/l) and does not lose the destructive activity in the systems with sufficiently high concentration of mercury (Na3ASO4) compounds (500 mg/l).

[The effect of respiratory toxins on the bacterial concentration of trivalent gold]. / Vpliv dikhal'nykh otrut na kontsentruvaniia bakteriiami trivalentnogo zolota.

It has been found that concentration of trivalent gold by Bacillus cereus V-4368 cells is sensitive to respiratory inhibitors such as rotenone and antimycin A. Inhibitory action of rotenone is neutralized by succinate, that of antimycin--by ATP. ATP influence disappears in presence of DCCD. It is supposed that Au(III) concentration is due to the ATPase action and the respiration systems supply this process with ATP.

[The role of membrane processes in Au(III) and Au(0) accumulation by bacteria]. / Rol' membrannykh protsessov v nakoplenii Au(III) i Au(0) bakteriiami.

The role of structural and functional factors in the processes of the bacterial cell interaction with colloid Au (0) and ionic Au (III) states has been investigated. It is shown that the bacterial walls of Bacillus sp. 4368 aggregating with colloid gold contain glycoprotein with isoelectric point 11. Glycoprotein from cell walls indifferent to colloid gold strain (Bacillus subtilis 168) has pHiso = 5. At the same time the cells of both strains accumulate Au (III) introduced into a medium in the form of tetrachloroaurate. The process is energy-dependent because it is suppressed by azide, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCCD). The role of ATPase of Au (III) accumulation has been studied on Bacillus sp. 4368 plasma membrane vesicles. The ATPase activity is inhibited by 70, 50 and 35-50% by vanadate, DCCD and Au (III), respectively, but it does not change in the presence of dinitrophenol and NaN3. ATP but not ADP and AMP stimulated the Au (III) accumulation by membrane vesicles and prevents the inhibitory action of azide but neither of DNP or DCCD. In the energized state membrane vesicles link gold sol particles. It has been assumed that the Au (III) accumulation is associated with the functioning of transmembrane potential generators, the metal being localized on the membrane surface.

[Interaction of the glycoprotein from the Bacillus pumilis cell wall with liposomes]. / Vzaimodeistvie glikoproteida kletochnoi obolochki Bacillus pumilis s liposomami.

The methods of centrifugation and gel-filtration on Sephadexes G-50 and G-150 were used to study the interaction of Bacillus pumilis cell wall glycoprotein component having the molecular weight of 50 kDa (GP-50) with lyposomes from bacterial lipids. GP-50 is shown to sorb on such liposomes and disturb their barrier properties inducing yield of low-molecular label. GP-50 exerts no effect on properties of liposomes from egg lecithin. Electrostatic forces are supposed to play a decisive role in initial acts of GP-50 interactions with lipid phase of microbial envelopes.