Cardiac safety of ribociclib evaluated with 24-hour rhythm Holter electrocardiogram.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate cardiac safety profile of ribociclib with 24-h rhythm Holter ECG. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty-two female metastatic breast cancer patients were included in the study. Rhythm Holter ECG was performed before starting treatment with ribociclib and after 3 months of the treatment initiation. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 56.36 ± 12.73. 52.4% (n = 22) of the patients were using ribociclib in combination with fulvestrant and 47.6% (n = 20) with aromatase inhibitors. None of the patients developed cardiotoxicity. When the rhythm Holter results before and in third month of the treatment were compared, there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: This is the first study evaluating effects of ribociclib treatment on cardiac rhythm with Holter ECG. The findings suggested ribociclib has a low risk of causing early cardiotoxicity.

Impact of atrial flow regulator (AFR) implantation on 12-month mortality in heart failure : Insights from a single site in the PRELIEVE study.

BACKGROUND: Implantation of the atrial flow regulator (AFR) to create an interatrial left-to-right shunt has been shown to be safe and feasible to reduce intracardiac filling pressures in patients with heart failure (HF). OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the effect of AFR implantation on 12-month mortality and hospitalization rates in patients with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved HF (HFpEF). METHODS: One-year follow-up data from 34 subjects enrolled at a single PRELIEVE center were analyzed. The 12-month predicted mortality was calculated using the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) risk score. Patients were divided into two groups, according to their history of hospitalizations for HF. RESULTS: Study data of 34 patients (HFrEF: 24 [70.6%]; HFpEF: 10 [29.4%]) were assessed. Median follow-up duration was 355 days. In total, 14 (41.2%) patients were hospitalized during the follow-up period and 6 (17.6%) of these patients were hospitalization for HF (HHF). A total of 24 hospitalizations occurred in this period and 8 (33%) hospitalizations were for HHF. The median baseline MAGGIC score was 23 and the median predicted mortality was 13.4/100 patient years. Observed mortality was 3.1/100 patient years. The observed survival (97%) was 10.3% (95% confidence interval 3.6-17.5%, p = 0.004) better than the predicted survival (86.6%). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that AFR implantation has favorable effects on mortality in patients with heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction. Furthermore, compared to baseline, left ventricular filling pressure (assessed by echocardiography) decreased significantly without right side volume overload at the 1­year follow-up.

The effect of 5-day course of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination on QT interval in non-ICU COVID19(+) patients.

BACKGROUND: The combination of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin showed effectiveness as a treatment for COVID-19 and is being used widely all around the world. Despite that those drugs are known to cause prolonged QT interval individually there is no study assessing the impact of this combination on electrocardiography (ECG). This study aimed to assess the impact of a 5-day course of HCQ and azithromycin combination on ECG in non-ICU COVID19(+) patients. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we enrolled 109 COVID19(+) patients who required non-ICU hospitalization. All patients received 5-day protocol of HCQ and azithromycin combination. On-treatment ECGs were repeated 3-6 h after the second HCQ loading dose and 48-72 h after the first dose of the combination. ECGs were assessed in terms of rhythm, PR interval, QRS duration, QT and QTc intervals. Baseline and on-treatment ECG findings were compared. Demographic characteristics, laboratory results were recorded. Daily phone call-visit or bed-side visit were performed by attending physician. RESULTS: Of the 109 patients included in the study, the mean age was 57.3 ± 14.4 years and 48 (44%) were male. Mean baseline PR interval was 158.47 ± 25.10 ms, QRS duration was 94.00 ± 20.55 ms, QTc interval was 435.28 ± 32.78 ms, 415.67 ± 28.51, 412.07 ± 25.65 according to Bazett's, Fridericia's and Framingham Heart Study formulas respectively. ∆PR was -2.94 ± 19.93 ms (p = .55), ∆QRS duration was 5.18 ± 8.94 ms (p = .03). ∆QTc interval was 6.64 ± 9.60 ms (p = .5), 10.67 ± 9.9 ms (p = .19), 14.14 ± 9.68 ms (p = .16) according to Bazett's, Fridericia's and Framingham Heart Study formulas respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between QTc intervals. No ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation or significant conduction delay was seen during follow-up. There was no death or worsening heart function. CONCLUSION: The 5-day course of HCQ- AZM combination did not lead to clinically significant QT prolongation and other conduction delays compared to baseline ECG in non-ICU COVID19(+) patients.

Assessment of the Relationship between Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio and Myocardial Bridge / Avaliação da Relação entre a Razão de Monócitos para Lipoproteínas de Alta Densidade e a Ponte Miocárdica

Abstract Background: Assessing the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is a new tool for predicting inflamation, which plays a major role in atherosclerosis. Myocardial bridge (MB) is thought to be a benign condition with development of atherosclerosis, particularly at the proximal segment of the brigde. Objective: To evaluate the relationhip between MHR and the presence of MB. Methods: We consecutively scanned patients referred for coronary angiography between January 2013- December 2016, and a total of 160 patients who had a MB and normal coronary artery were enrolled in the study. The patients' angiographic, demographic and clinic characteristics of the patients were reviewed from medical records. Monocytes and HDL-cholesterols were measured via complete blood count. MHR was calculated as the ratio of the absolute monocyte count to the HDL-cholesterol value. MHR values were divided into three tertiles as follows: lower (8.25 ± 1.61), moderate (13.11 ± 1.46), and higher (21.21 ± 4.30) tertile. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: MHR was significantly higher in the MB group compared to the control group with normal coronary arteries. We found the frequency of MB (p = 0.002) to increase as the MHR tertiles rose. The Monocyte-HDL ratio with a cut-point of 13.35 had 59% sensitivity and 65.0% specificity (ROC area under curve: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.606-0.769, p < 0.001) in accurately predicting a MB diagnosis. In the multivariate analysis, MHR (p = 0.013) was found to be a significant independent predictor of the presence of MB, after adjusting for other risk factors. Conclusion: The present study revealed a significant correlation between MHR and MB.

Resumo Fundamento: A avaliação da razão de monócitos para lipoproteínas de alta densidade (MHR, sigla em inglês) é uma nova ferramenta para se prever o processo inflamatório, o qual desempenha um papel importante na aterosclerose. A ponte miocárdica (PM) é considerada uma condição benigna com desenvolvimento de arteriosclerose, particularmente no segmento proximal da ponte. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a MHR e a presença de PM. Métodos: Examinamos concecutivamente pacientes encaminhados para angiografia coronariana entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2016, e um total de 160 pacientes, uma parcela dos quais com PM, e outra com artérias coronárias normais, foram incluídos no estudo. As características angiográficas, demográficas e clínicas dos pacientes foram revisadas a partir de registros médicos. Monócitos e colesteróis HDL foram medidos através de hemograma completo. A MHR foi calculada como a razão entre a contagem absoluta de monócitos e o valor do colesterol HDL. Os valores de MHR foram divididos em três tercis, da seguinte forma: tercil inferior (8,25 ± 1,61); tercil moderado (13,11 ± 1,46); e tercil superior (21,21 ± 4,30). Considerou-se significativo um valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: A MHR foi significativamente maior no grupo com PM, em comparação com grupo controle com artérias coronárias normais. Verificamos que a prevalência de PM (p=0,002) aumentou à medida que se elevavam os tercis de MHR. A razão monócitos-colesterol HDL com ponto de corte de 13,35 apresentou sensibilidade de 59% e especificidade de 65,0% (área ROC sob a curva: 0,687, IC95%: 0,606-0,769, p < 0,001) na predição acurada do diagnóstico de PM. Na análise multivariada, a MHR (p = 0,013) mostrou-se um preditor independente significativo da presença de PM, após ajustes para outros fatores de risco. Conclusão: O presente estudo revelou uma correlação significativa entre MHR e PM.

The Predictive Value of PRECISE-DAPT Score for In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

The PREdicting bleeding Complications In patients undergoing Stent implantation and subsEquent Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score predicts the bleeding risk in patients treated with dual antiplatelet treatment after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). This study aimed to determine the predictive value of the admission PRECISE-DAPT score for in-hospital mortality in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with pPCI. Of the 1418 patients enrolled, the study population was divided into 2 groups: PRECISE-DAPT score ≥25 and PRECISE-DAPT score <25. The primary goal was to determine the incidence of in-hospital all-cause mortality. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients whose PRECISE-DAPT score ≥25 compared with the patients whose PRECISE-DAPT score <25 (9.4 vs 0.9%; P < .001, respectively). Both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the PRECISE-DAPT score is independently associated with in-hospital mortality (hazards ratio [HR]: 1.043, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003-1.084; P = .035; and HR: 1.026, 95% CI: 1.004-1.048; P = .021, respectively). A pairwise comparison of receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the predictive value of the PRECISE-DAPT score with regard to in-hospital mortality was noninferior compared with the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score. The PRECISE-DAPT score may be a significant independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI treated with pPCI.

Assessment of the Relationship between Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio and Myocardial Bridge.

BACKGROUND: Assessing the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is a new tool for predicting inflamation, which plays a major role in atherosclerosis. Myocardial bridge (MB) is thought to be a benign condition with development of atherosclerosis, particularly at the proximal segment of the brigde. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationhip between MHR and the presence of MB. METHODS: We consecutively scanned patients referred for coronary angiography between January 2013- December 2016, and a total of 160 patients who had a MB and normal coronary artery were enrolled in the study. The patients' angiographic, demographic and clinic characteristics of the patients were reviewed from medical records. Monocytes and HDL-cholesterols were measured via complete blood count. MHR was calculated as the ratio of the absolute monocyte count to the HDL-cholesterol value. MHR values were divided into three tertiles as follows: lower (8.25 ± 1.61), moderate (13.11 ± 1.46), and higher (21.21 ± 4.30) tertile. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: MHR was significantly higher in the MB group compared to the control group with normal coronary arteries. We found the frequency of MB (p = 0.002) to increase as the MHR tertiles rose. The Monocyte-HDL ratio with a cut-point of 13.35 had 59% sensitivity and 65.0% specificity (ROC area under curve: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.606-0.769, p < 0.001) in accurately predicting a MB diagnosis. In the multivariate analysis, MHR (p = 0.013) was found to be a significant independent predictor of the presence of MB, after adjusting for other risk factors. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed a significant correlation between MHR and MB.

The prognostic value of fragmented QRS in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

BACKGROUND: Although transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) can successfully correct aortic narrowing, pre-existing pathophysiological alterations in the left ventricle are still a concern in terms of long-term mortality. This study aimed to examine the predictive role of fQRS morphology on long-term prognosis in patients undergoing TAVI due to severe aortic stenosis. METHODS: A total of 117 patients undergoing TAVI due to severe aortic stenosis were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were assigned into two groups based on the presence (n = 36) or absence (n = 81) of fQRS. Predictors of long-term survival were estimated. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was higher in fQRS group (5.5% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.0224). In the long-term, fQRS (OR: 3.06, 95% CI 1.29-7.27, p: 0.01), LVEF <50% (OR: 2.54, 95% CI 1.07-6.02, p: 0.03) and presence of atrial fibrillation (OR: 2.42, 95% CI 1.05-5.60, p: 0.03) emerged as significant independent predictors of short survival. CONCLUSION: Presence of fQRS on ECG, an indirect indicator of myocardial fibrosis, seems to have the potential to be used as a prognostic marker after TAVI procedure. Large prospective studies are warranted.

The predictive value of the CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with mechanical mitral valve thrombosis.

Prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is a potentially life-threatening complication associated with high morbidity and mortality. The CHA2DS2-VASc is a clinical score used to determine thromboembolism risk in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients. Therefore; in this study, we aimed to determine predictive value of the CHA2DS2-VASc score for development of PVT in patients with mechanical prosthetic valve. This was a retrospective study included 417 consecutive patients with mechanic prosthetic valve in whom transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed due to different clinical indications from January 2004 to June 2016. After evaluation according to exclusion criteria, 267 patients with mechanic prosthetic valve were enrolled in the study. The definitive diagnosis of the PVT was made as proposed by TEE finding. The study population was divided into two groups; PVT patients (154 patients) and control group (113 patients) with functional prosthetic valve. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated for each patient from the hospital electronic database. The mechanical mitral valve thrombosis predictive value of variables including CHA2DS2-VASc score was tested in our study. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was significantly higher in PVT patients compared to control patients (2.51 ± 1.54 vs. 1.13 ± 1.21, p < 0.01). Both on univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated that the CHA2DS2-VASc score is independently associated with PVT (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The patients whose CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 1-3 had 6.20 times higher risk for thrombus formation, and patients whose CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 4 had 16.6 times higher risk for thrombus formation compared to patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score = 0 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The CHA2DS2-VASc score may be a significant independent predictor of PVT in patients with prosthetic valve and the CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2.5 or more was associated with increased PVT in patients with prosthetic valve. Thus; it may be an applicable risk scoring system to assess the risk of development of PVT in patients with prosthetic valve.

The Association between Monocyte HDL-C Ratio and SYNTAX Score and SYNTAX Score II in STEMI Patients Treated with Primary PCI.

BACKGROUND: Monocyte to high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) simply reflects proatherogenic and antiatherogenic balance and high level of this ratio is associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis and cardiac events. We investigated the association between MHR and coronary artery disease severity using SYNTAX score and SYNTAX score II (SSII) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). METHODS: A total of 315 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent pPCI from January 2014 to January 2016 were enrolled. After exclusion 264 patients remained in the study population. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to median SSII [SSII ≤ 34.2 as low group (n = 132) and > 34.2 as high group (n = 132)]. RESULTS: Median value of MHR was 10.5 in SSII low group and 16.1 in SSII high group (p < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between MHR and SSII (r = 0.580, p < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus [odds ratio (OR): 8.604; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.469-29.978], glomerular filtration rate (OR: 0.961; 95% CI: 0.939-0.983), infarct related artery of left anterior descending (LAD) (OR: 7.325; 95% CI: 2.262-23.723), SYNTAX score (OR: 1.422; 95% CI: 1.275-1.585), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR: 1.156; 95% CI: 1.058-1.264) and MHR (OR: 1.027; 95% CI: 1.013-1.041) were independent predictors of SSII > 34.2 in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: MHR could be a better parameter than NLR and C-reactive protein at predicting severity of coronary artery disease in STEMI patients treated with pPCI.

Comparison of syntax score and syntax score II to predict "no reflow phenomenon" in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Even though the relationship between syntax score (SS) and coronary no-reflow phenomenon has been studied, the relation between SS and syntax score II (SS II) in patients with no-reflow phenomenon is unknown. We aimed to define the relationship between coronary no-reflow phenomenon and SS II as compared with SS. This study enrolled 193 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST elevation myocardial infarction in whom 42 patients developed the no-reflow phenomenon. SS and SS II were calculated in all patients. Bland Altman analysis was used to compare receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis results. SS and SS II values were significantly higher in the no-reflow group than the reflow group (28.3 ± 5.5 vs. 18.8 ± 10.1; p < 0.001 and 42.5 (22.1-58.5) vs. 26.1 (13-49.8); p < 0.001 respectively). SS II value >32.3 yielded an area under the curve value of 0.881 (95% CI 0.820-0.942; p < 0.001) and independently predicted no-reflow with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 80% (OR 1.150, 95% CI 1.047-1.263, p = 0.003). Comparison of ROC curve results with Bland Altman analysis showed that area under curve of SS II was larger than that of SS (0.881 vs. 0.785, p = 0.01). SS II may be a more useful tool than SS for prediction no-reflow phenomenon after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Relationship between R-wave peak time and no-reflow in ST elevation myocardial infarction treated with a primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

OBJECTIVES: Coronary no-reflow (NR) is observed in nearly half of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients who undergo a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) despite epicardial coronary vessel patency. Several methods used to define NR include thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade, corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count, myocardial blush grade, ST-segment resolution, contrast echocardiography, and MRI. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between NR and R-wave peak time (RWPT) measured from infarct-related artery leads METHOD: We enrolled 282 consecutive STEMI patients treated with pPCI in Kafkas University Hospital from January 2014 to January 2015. After exclusion, the remaining 233 patients were included in the study population RESULTS: Patients were divided into two groups according to the development of NR. We observed that increased preprocedural (31 (27-37) vs 27 (21-30) p<0,001) and postprocedural RWPT(35±7 vs 22±6 p<0,001) was associated with the development of NR and preprocedural RWPT(OR: 1.254 95% CI: 1.104-1.425 p<0,001) was found to be independent predictor of NR. The association between postprocedural RWPT and angiographic NR was statistically noninferior to that between ST-segment resolution % and NR(difference between area under curves: 0.0232, p= 0.38) CONCLUSION: the present study is the first to report a significant correlation between NR and RWPT in STEMI patients treated with primary pPCI.

Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Patients Undergoing Heart Valve Replacement.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) was found to be a predictor of adverse outcome in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The ratio may also be a useful marker to predict mortality following valve replacement surgery. METHODS: A total of 932 patients was enrolled retrospectively. Patients were allocated to three tertiles based on their NLR (group 1, NLR ≤1.90; group 2, 1.90 < NLR ≤2.93; group 3, NLR >2.93). RESULTS: Patients in the highest tertile were older (p = 0.049, 95% CI 0.09-5.98), tended to have chronic renal failure (p = 0.028, OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.08-6.35), and had more frequent critical CAD on preoperative angiography (p <0.001, OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.38-3.21). Postoperatively, patients in the highest NLR tertile had a higher in-hospital mortality rate than those in the first tertile (p <0.001, OR 4.67, 95% CI 2.37-9.20) and second tertile (p = 0.002, OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.32-3.86). Patients in the third tertile had the highest mortality at day 300 (log-rank p <0.001). The hazard ratio (HR) for the second tertile was 1.8 (p = 0.11, 95% CI 0.88-3.79), and for the third tertile was 2.8 (p = 0.003, 95% CI 1.40-5.59). CONCLUSIONS: The NLR is a useful parameter to assess postoperative in-hospital mortality risk after valvular surgery.

Usefulness of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk index in acute heart failure: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Risk stratification in acute heart failure (AHF) is vital for both physicians and paramedical personals. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) risk index (TRI) and modified TRI (mTRI) are novel and simple predictive risk indices that have been examined in patients with acute coronary syndrome. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, we evaluated the relationship among TRI, mTRI, and mortality in patients with AHF. METHODS: A total of 293 patients with AHF were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of patients who survived and group 2 consisted of patients who died during a follow-up period of 120 days. Multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship among TRI, mTRI, and mortality. RESULTS: All causes of death occurred in 84 patients (28.6%). Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk index was significantly higher in patients who died during follow-up (20.2 ± 12.4 vs 14.8 ± 8.9). The new risk score showed good predictive value for 120-day mortality. Before laboratory analysis, in-multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analysis TRI remained as an independent risk factor for mortality (odds ratio, 2.56; P < .001). After the laboratory analysis, despite the fact that TRI has lost its predictive value, mTRI remained an independent risk factor for mortality (odds ratio, 2.08; P = .01). CONCLUSION: The TRI is a simple and strong predictor of all-cause mortality in patients who were admitted with AHF. The current study reveals for the first time the strong predictive value of TRI in patients with AHF.

The Impact of Admission Serum Creatinine Derived Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate on Major Adverse Cardiac Events in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

BACKGROUND: The impact of Cockroft-Gault (C-G) derived estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was assessed. METHODS: A total of 884 patients were classified into four categories according to admission creatine derived eGFR: < 60, 60 - < 90, 90 - < 120, and ≥ 120 mL/min/1.73 m(2). RESULTS: In-hospital and long-term MACEs were significantly higher in eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) subgroup (P < 0.001 and P = 0.028). Multivariate analysis demonstrated 7.78-fold (95% CI: 0.91 - 66.8) higher mortality risk in eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) subgroup. CONCLUSION: As an easily applicable bedside method, C-G derived eGFR could be important for prediction of in-hospital and long-term mortality and MACE in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.

Admission serum potassium level is associated with in-hospital and long-term mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: Current guidelines recommend a serum potassium (sK) level of 4.0-5.0 mmol/L in acute myocardial infarction patients. Recent trials have demonstrated an increased mortality rate with an sK level of>4.5 mmol/L. The aim of this study was to figure out the relation between admission sK level and in-hospital and long-term mortality and ventricular arrhythmias. METHODS: Retrospectively, 611 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention were recruited. Admission sK levels were categorized accordingly: <3.5, 3.5-<4, 4-<4.5, 4.5-<5, and ≥5 mmol/L. RESULTS: The lowest in-hospital and long-term mortality occurred in patients with sK levels of 3.5 to <4 mmol/L. The long-term mortality risk increased for admission sK levels of >4.5 mmol/L [odds ratio (OR), 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-5.9 and OR, 2.27; 95% CI 0.44-11.5 for sK levels of 4.5-<5 mmol/L and ≥5 mmol/L, respectively]. At sK levels <3 mmol/L and ≥5 mmol/L, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was higher (p=0.019). CONCLUSION: Admission sK level of >4.5 mmol/L was associated with increased long-term mortality in STEMI. A significant relation was found between sK level of <3 mmol/L and ≥5 mmol/L and ventricular arrhythmias.

Predictors of Prolonged In-Hospital Stay After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Health care costs increase with prolonged in-hospital stays. Many factors influence the length of stay for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In this study, we aimed to determine the differences between long-stay and early discharged patients with STEMI. For this retrospective study, a total of 2486 consecutive patients with STEMI (mean age: 56.2 ± 11.7 years, 16.5% female) who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on mean in-hospital stay: <6 days and ≥6 days. Anterior STEMI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.54; P = 0.03), angiographic failure (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.19-7.01; P = .01), and peripheral vascular complications (PVCs; OR: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.16-15.03; P = .02) were found to be independent predictors of ≥6-day in-hospital stay. The incidence of long-term total mortality and composite end point for death, reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization were significantly higher in ≥6-day in-hospital stay patients. Anterior STEMI, angiographic failure, and PVCs were found to be independently associated with prolonged in-hospital stay for patients with STEMI following pPCI.