The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS).

With the advent of the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory (H/GSO), a complement of multi-spacecraft missions and ground-based observatories to study the space environment, data retrieval, analysis, and visualization of space physics data can be daunting. The Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS), a grass-roots software development platform (www.spedas.org), is now officially supported by NASA Heliophysics as part of its data environment infrastructure. It serves more than a dozen space missions and ground observatories and can integrate the full complement of past and upcoming space physics missions with minimal resources, following clear, simple, and well-proven guidelines. Free, modular and configurable to the needs of individual missions, it works in both command-line (ideal for experienced users) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode (reducing the learning curve for first-time users). Both options have "crib-sheets," user-command sequences in ASCII format that can facilitate record-and-repeat actions, especially for complex operations and plotting. Crib-sheets enhance scientific interactions, as users can move rapidly and accurately from exchanges of technical information on data processing to efficient discussions regarding data interpretation and science. SPEDAS can readily query and ingest all International Solar Terrestrial Physics (ISTP)-compatible products from the Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF), enabling access to a vast collection of historic and current mission data. The planned incorporation of Heliophysics Application Programmer's Interface (HAPI) standards will facilitate data ingestion from distributed datasets that adhere to these standards. Although SPEDAS is currently Interactive Data Language (IDL)-based (and interfaces to Java-based tools such as Autoplot), efforts are under-way to expand it further to work with python (first as an interface tool and potentially even receiving an under-the-hood replacement). We review the SPEDAS development history, goals, and current implementation. We explain its "modes of use" with examples geared for users and outline its technical implementation and requirements with software developers in mind. We also describe SPEDAS personnel and software management, interfaces with other organizations, resources and support structure available to the community, and future development plans. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0576-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

[Anesthetic management of a patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia].

We anesthetized a 10-year-old girl with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia for an ophthalmic surgery. Ectodermal dysplasia involves the abnormalities of ectodermal tissues and has a triad; hypohidrosis, a lack of teeth, and the scarcity of hair. Hyperthermia may occur due to the defect of sweat glands. Therefore, the body temperature must be monitored continuously. Respiratory tract infection occurs frequently due to the absence of seromucosal glands. We recommend humidifying the inspired gases during the operation. Tracheal intubation may be difficult because of maxillary and/or mandibular abnormalities. We conclude that the particular care should be taken such as the management of the body temperature, preparation for the difficult airway and the humidification of respiratory tract.

Phase-matching properties of KNbO3 in the mid-infrared.

KNbO(3) has been found to be phase matchable for type 1 second-harmonic generation up to 2.4 microm at 22 degrees C. The improved Sellmeier equations that correctly reproduce the nonlinear experiments thus far reported in the literature and our new experimental results for harmonic generation of CO(2) laser harmonics between 3.5303 and 5.2955 microm are presented.

Ultraviolet generation tunable to 0.185 microm in CsLiB6O10.

CsLiB(6)O(10) has been found to be phase matchable for type-1 sum frequency generation to a minimum of 0.185 microm by mixing the fifth harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser at 1.0642 microm and the output of a KTP parametric oscillator pumped by the second harmonic of the same Nd:YAG laser at 20.0 degrees C. The improved Sellmeier equations and the thermo-optic constants of this crystal are reported.

Phase-matched UV generation at 0.1774 µm in KB(5)O(8) ·4H(2)O.

Sixth-harmonic generation of the Nd:YAG laser frequency at 1.0642 µm has been achieved in KB(5) O(8) ˙ 4H(2) O by type-1 mixing the fundamental and fifth harmonic at room temperature. The phase-matching angles were measured to be (θ = 90°, φ = 68.5 ± 0.5°) and (θ = 80.0 ± 0.5 °, φ = 90°) in the x - y and y -z planes, respectively. Improved Sellmeier equations of this crystal are presented.

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in patients with Graves' disease, subacute thyroiditis, and silent thyroiditis: a longitudinal study.

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity was measured longitudinally in 12 patients with Graves' disease, 5 patients with subacute thyroiditis, and 1 patient with silent thyroiditis, and compared with that of 36 normal controls. The patients with Graves' disease and subacute thyroiditis were treated with anti-thyroid drug (methimazole or propylthiouracil) and prednisolone, respectively. On the other hand, no treatment was given to the patient with silent thyroiditis. Since two patients with Graves' disease clearly showed transient deterioration of the thyroid function during the treatment period, data from these two patients were separately investigated. Urinary levels of NAG in the remaining ten patients with Graves' disease before, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment were 15.59 +/- 7.93 (SD), 8.96 +/- 6.82, 4.39 +/- 2.33, 3.46 +/- 2.24, and 3.63 +/- 2.38 U/g.creatinine (g.Cr.), respectively. Those obtained before, 1 and 3 months after the treatment were significantly higher than those of the controls (2.85 +/- 1.12 U/g.Cr.). Free thyroid hormone levels became normal or low 3 months after the treatment. The two Graves' patients mentioned above showed a transient increase in urinary NAG with concomitant changes in free thyroid hormone levels. Urinary NAG levels in the patients with subacute thyroiditis before, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the treatment were 16.56 +/- 10.97, 6.76 +/- 2.79, 3.14 +/- 0.48 and 3.70 +/- 1.44 U/g.Cr., respectively. Those obtained before and 2 weeks after the treatment were significantly higher than those of the controls. Free thyroid hormones were normal 2 weeks after therapy. Urinary NAG in the patient with silent thyroiditis was 9.60 U/g.Cr. on the first visit and gradually decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous digoxin in infants and children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].

Electrophysiologic properties of the accessory pathway were investigated before and after the intravenous administration of digoxin (0.01-0.02 mg/kg) during electrophysiologic studies in 14 infants and children with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Determination of electrophysiologic properties of the accessory pathway was made using transesophageal atrial pacing and/or intracardiac right atrial pacing. Maximal effect on the accessory pathway after intravenous digoxin was observed during one to six hours. Effective refractory period of the accessory pathway increased in 6 of the 14 patients, decreased in 4 and unchanged in 4. Shortest AP 1:1 conduction increased in 5 of the 12 patients, decreased in 3 and unchanged in 4. Tachycardia was not induced after digoxin in only one patient. Tachycardia cycle length, ventriculoatrial conduction time and atrioventricular conduction time were unchanged after digoxin in almost all cases. Thus, digoxin is not the first choice drug for termination and prevention of the preexcitation syndrome.

[Electrophysiologic effects of isoproterenol in children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].

12 children with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome underwent electrophysiologic study before and after the intravenous administration of isoproterenol. Effective refractory period of the accessory pathway and shortest paced cycle length with 1:1 atrioventricular (A-V) conduction via the accessory pathway were shortened after intravenous isoproterenol in all patients. Orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia was induced after isoproterenol in one patient who did not documented tachycardia attack or palpitation before. Anterograde A-V conduction via A-V node and retrograde V-A conduction via accessory pathway were enhanced. Thus, tachycardia cycle length was shortened. Potential high risk group patient who develop hazardous atrial fibrillation during exercise in the WPW syndrome may be selected by isoproterenol infusion.

Chemical modification of yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase.

Sulfhydryl reagents, as well as mild hydrogen peroxide oxidation, do not inhibit the activity of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase, indicating that the single thiol group and 3 methionine residues present in the enzyme are not essential for activity. Nitration of phosphoglycerate kinase by tetranitromethane inhibits the enzyme by reaction with a single tyrosine residue. Substrates provide partial protection against inactivation by nitration. Circular dichroism spectra indicate that no conformational changes occur upon nitration. However, perturbation of the microenvironment surrounding the aromatic amino acid residues, particularly tyrosine, was observed. The same perturbation was observed on addition of the substrate 3-phosphoglycerate kinase to native phosphoglycerate kinase. The role of lysine in the action of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase has been studied by modification with O-methylisourea, 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone, and pyridoxal phosphate. Guanidination shows that there are lysines essential for phosphoglycerate kinase; extrapolation to zero activity indicates that there are three essential lysines as judged by nitrotroponylation and three essential lysines when the enzyme is reacted with pyridoxal phosphate. Substrates afford partial protection and extrapolation to total protection indicates that up to three lysines are protected by MgITP and one lysine by 3-phosphoglycerate. Spectrofluorescence and optical rotatory dispersion measurements show that there is no detectable conformational change for the guanidinated phosphoglycerate kinase and that there are slight changes in the spectra suggesting that there may be slight conformational changes for the nitrotroponylated and the pyridoxal phosphate-modified enzymes.