Bioaugmentation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514 - A novel oily waste degrader for treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons.

This study was aimed at remediation ofoily waste contaminated area by utilizing a newly obtained bacterium. For experimental setup three different approachessuch as bioaugmentation, natural attenuation and abiotic factors were employed. In bioaugmented experimental set up (treatment withP. aeruginosaNCIM 5514),76.14 ± 0.85% loss in oily waste with notable hydrocarbon utilizers was noted in 56 days. From the results, it was concluded that bioaugmentation with novel P. aeruginosasp. (oily waste degrader) could remediate oily waste pollution effectively. Results of this study demonstrate applicability of P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514 for environmental sustainability.

Petroleum sludge polluted soil remediation: Integrated approach involving novel bacterial consortium and nutrient application.

Petroleum sludge has been reported as noteworthy hazardous solid waste generated from industrial activities of petroleum sector. Environment friendly and economically sound treatment of petroleum sludge has attracted global attention worldwide and has become a thrust area of research. Petroleum sludge bioremediation is gaining interest of researchers globally to clean pollutants from soil ecosystems. To date of submission of the work there is no literature available reporting comparing five approaches for remediation of agricultural soil polluted with petroleum sludge employing hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial consortium (HUBC). Further studies on toxicity were performed through pot experiments using Vigna radiata. The aim of this research work was to compare capability of five approaches for remediating petroleum sludge polluted agricultural soil by employing soil microcosms. Best results were obtained when simultaneous application of HUBC and nutrients was performed in microcosm. Highest decrease (93.14 ± 1.75%) of petroleum sludge with sufficient count of hydrocarbon utilizers and decreased nutrients in 42 days was reported. Quality improvement of petroleum sludge contaminated agricultural soil after its bioremediation was performed by pot experiments by checking germination of V. radiata seeds. 85.71% germination of seeds in 5 days was noted for treated soil. Thus, HUBC can be applied as a bioremediating consortium to reclaim petroleum sludge polluted soil.

Oilfield waste treatment using novel hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial consortium - A microcosm approach.

Oily sludge is a hazardous waste generated through petroleum producing and processing industrial units. Due to its harmful environmental impacts, it needs to be treated in sustainable manner. The present study aimed to evaluate influence of bioaugmentation on oily sludge biodegradation efficiency of a novel hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial consortium (HUBC) using microcosms. Three approaches (bioaugmentation, natural attenuation and abiotic factors) were used for microcosm studies. Bioaugmentation treatment showed best results for oily sludge degradation than natural attenuation and abiotic factors, resulting 82.13 ± 1.21% oily sludge degradation in 56 days. In bioaugmented microcosm on 56th day 0.30 ± 0.07 × 108 CFU/g hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria were noted. Results showed that HUBC could be used to remediate soil polluted with oily sludge. This study imparts a notable approach for farming application(s).

Bioremediation of oily sludge polluted soil employing a novel strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and phytotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons for seed germination.

Agricultural land pollution is key a problem globally, which is linked with growth of industries. Petroleum industrial sector is one of the major industrial sectors and the activities of petroleum industry lead to the agricultural land pollution. Oily sludge is a type of solid and hazardous waste generated from petroleum industrial activities. Hence, there is an urgent need to find remediation methods of the oily sludge contaminated agricultural land. Thus, the aim of this work was to study bioremediation of oily sludge polluted soil employing a novel strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and evaluation of phytotoxicity on germination of Vigna radiata seed in pots. Five different approaches were adopted for the bioremediation studies, which included Bioaugmentation + Biostimulation, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, natural attenuation and abiotic factors. Simultaneous application of P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514 and nutrients in microcosm showed 92.97 ± 0.92% decrease in oily sludge with good hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count and decreased nutrient level in 56 days. Pot experiments on seed germination of mung beans (Vigna radiata) seeds was performed by pot experiments. 80.95% germination in five days in treated soil. From the results it was concluded that simultaneous use of oily sludge degraders and nutrient supplement could revive seed germination ability of oily sludge polluted soil effectively. This is first report of comparing five techniques to bioremediate oily sludge polluted soil using Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by pot study using V. radiata seeds, showing that P. aeruginosa can be an efficient bioremediation agent and can be effectively used for remediation of oily sludge contaminated soil.

Comparing Bioremediation Approaches for Agricultural Soil Affected with Petroleum Crude: A Case Study.

The aim of work was to check and make comparison of efficacy for five approaches for petroleum crude contaminated agricultural soil remediation by making use of soil microcosms. Concerning the published literature in our information, this is the first report comparing five approaches i.e. abiotic losses, native microbial flora, nutrient amendments and pre-adapted native microbial culture and concurrent amendments of nutrients + pre-adapted native microbial culture for agricultural soil bioremediation using Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514 by performing soil microcosm experiments. 96.00 ± 0.18% degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon fractions in 60 days of the experiment was observed when nutrients and P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514 were applied concomitantly. In nutrients- and P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514-added microcosm reduction in nitrogen, organic carbon, and phosphorus was noted. P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514, can be applied as a prospective bioremediation agent to remediate petroleum crude contaminated soil.

Influence of abiotic factors, natural attenuation, bioaugmentation and nutrient supplementation on bioremediation of petroleum crude contaminated agricultural soil.

Contamination of agricultural land(s) is a major problem worldwide which is associated with activities of petroleum industry. Due to these exploration activities remedial techniques for clean-up of contaminated agricultural soil(s) has become an alarming research topic. Hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial consortium (HUBC), isolated from petroleum crude (petroleum industry waste water and soil) contaminated sites, India has been used for soil microcosm study. The aim of present study was to compare potency of five different techniques to remediate petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated agricultural soil by employing soil microcosm study. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report for comparison of five different techniques (abiotic control, natural attenuation, biostimulation, bioaugmentation and simultaneous bioaugmentation & biostimulation) for bioremediation of agricultural soil using consortium of hydrocarbon utilizers by employing soil microcosms. Concurrent application of bioaugmentation (with HUBC) and biostimulation (with nutrient amendments) in the soil microcosm resulted in 93.67 ±â€¯1.80% hydrocarbons degradation in 45 days of experiment and hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial count was recorded 4.11 ±â€¯0.11 × 108 CFU/g. In the bioaugmented and biostimulated soil microcosm organic carbon was reduced from 3.49 ±â€¯0.08% to 0.62 ±â€¯0.11% with simultaneous decrease of other nutrients. The consortium could survive in artificially crude oil contaminated and nutrients amended agricultural soil microcosm and could degrade petroleum hydrocarbons effectively in soil microcosm conditions. This suggests its application as a potential bioremediation agent for farmland restoration i.e. management of soil environment.

Evaluation of rhamnolipid production by a halotolerant novel strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This work was aimed to evaluate six qualitative and quantitative methods (hemolytic activity, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide agar plate method, oil spread method, drop collapse method, surface tension measurement and emulsification index) to study biosurfactant production by sixty-nine bacterial isolates which were obtained from petroleum crude contaminated soil and water samples. Among all isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514 was evaluated as the most potent isolate producing rhamnolipid. Effectiveness of growth medium pH, inoculum size and concentration of NaCl on surface active properties and biomass & rhamnolipid production in fermentation medium were studied. Highest surface activity was obtained at 1% (v/v) inoculum at initial pH of the medium 7.2, which resulted 4.389 ±â€¯0.019 and 3.146 ±â€¯0.087 g/l biomass and rhamnolipid, respectively. Notable surface activity of rhamnolipid produced by P. aeruginosa NCIM 5514 makes it feasible to be used for industrial application.

Critical review on biosurfactant analysis, purification and characterization using rhamnolipid as a model biosurfactant.

Surfactants are one of the most versatile group of chemicals used in various industrial processes. Their market is competitive, and manufacturers will have to expand surfactant production in ecofriendly and cost effective manner. Increasing interest in biosurfactants led to an intense research for environment friendly and cost-efficient production of biosurfactant. Structural diversity and functional properties of biosurfactants make them an attractive group of compounds for potential use in wide variety of industrial, environmental and biotechnological applications. Screening methods make task easier to obtain potential biosurfactant producing microorganisms. Variety of purification and analytical methods are available for biosurfactant structural characterization. This review aims to compile information on types and properties of biosurfactant, microbial screening methods as well as biosynthesis, extraction, purification and structural characterization of biosurfactant using rhamnolipid as a model biosurfactant. It also describes factors affecting rhamnolipid production. It gives an overview of oil recovery using biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by oleophilic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514.

The aim of this work was to study the potential of an indigenous strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514, isolated from petroleum-polluted soil, for the biodegradation of crude petroleum oil. The isolate completely decolorized 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol in 120h when grown at (37±1°C), indicating its hydrocarbon utilizing nature. Ex situ biodegradation study was performed to find out quantitative utilization and biodegradation of paraffin(s) present in crude oil. When the culture was grown in Bushnell-Hass medium containing crude oil (3%,v/v) at 37°C, 180rpm for 60days, the viscosity of the oil was reduced from 1883cp to 1002cp. Gravimetric and gas chromatographic analysis showed 61.03% and 60.63% of biodegradation of C8-C36+ hydrocarbons, respectively. These results indicated that the isolate has potential to be used for ex-situ and in-situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants and could have promising applications in petrochemical industry.

Carbon spectrum utilization by an indigenous strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514: Production, characterization and surface active properties of biosurfactant.

The present research work was undertaken with a mandate to study carbon spectrum utilization and structural characterization of biosurfactant produced by indigenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514, which showed unique properties to utilize a large number of carbon sources effectively for production of biosurfactant, although glucose was the best carbon substrate. In Bushnell-Hass medium supplemented with glucose (1%, w/v), 3.178±0.071g/l biosurfactant was produced by this isolate in 96h. The biosurfactant produced showed surface tension and emulsification activity values from 29.14±0.05 to 62.29±0.13mN/m and 88.50±1.96 to 15.40±0.91%, respectively. Toluene showed highest emulsification activity followed by kerosene. However, kerosene exhibited emulsion stability for 30days. Biosurfactant was characterized as a mixture of di-rhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C10-C14:1) and mono-rhamnolipid (Rha-C8-C10) by FTIR, ESI-MS and LC-MS techniques. High biosurfactant yield opens up doors for the isolate to find utility in various industries.

Core Flood study for enhanced oil recovery through ex-situ bioaugmentation with thermo- and halo-tolerant rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5514.

The aim of this work was to study the Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) employing core field model ex-situ bioaugmenting a thermo- and halo-tolerant rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) revealed that the biosurfactant produced was rhamnolipid type. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis showed that the purified rhamnolipids comprised two principal rhamnolipid homologues, i.e., Rha-Rha-C10-C14:1 and Rha-C8-C10. The rhamnolipid was stable under wide range of temperature (4°C, 30-100°C), pH (2.0-10.0) and NaCl concentration (0-18%, w/v). Core Flood model was designed for oil recovery operations using rhamnolipid. The oil recovery enhancement over Residual Oil Saturation was 8.82% through ex-situ bioaugmentation with rhamnolipid. The thermal stability of rhamnolipid shows promising scope for its application at conditions where high temperatures prevail in oil recovery processes, whereas its halo-tolerant nature increases its application in marine environment.