You ≠ me: individual differences in the structure of social cognition.

This study investigated the structure of social cognition, and how it is influenced by personality; specifically, how various socio-cognitive capabilities, and the pattern of inter-relationships and co-dependencies among them differ between divergent personality styles. To measure social cognition, a large non-clinical sample (n = 290) undertook an extensive battery of self-report and performance-based measures of visual perspective taking, imitative tendencies, affective empathy, interoceptive accuracy, emotion regulation, and state affectivity. These same individuals then completed the Personality Styles and Disorders Inventory. Latent Profile Analysis revealed two dissociable personality profiles that exhibited contrasting cognitive and affective dispositions, and multivariate analyses indicated further that these profiles differed on measures of social cognition; individuals characterised by a flexible and adaptive personality profile expressed higher action orientation (emotion regulation) compared to those showing more inflexible tendencies, along with better visual perspective taking, superior interoceptive accuracy, less imitative tendencies, and lower personal distress and negativity. These characteristics point towards more efficient self-other distinction, and to higher cognitive control more generally. Moreover, low-level cognitive mechanisms served to mediate other higher level socio-emotional capabilities. Together, these findings elucidate the cognitive and affective underpinnings of individual differences in social behaviour, providing a data-driven model that should guide future research in this area.

The role of the tissue plasminogen activator as a prognostic and differentiation factor in patients with pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis.

Unsatisfactory pancreatic cancer treatment outcomes have prompted multiple avenues of research focused on identifying not only biomarkers of pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression but also potential prognostic survival factors in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Study consisted of 75 patients who underwent pancreatic resections between 2006 and 2011: 35 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC), 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and a non-malignant control group (NMCG) of 10 patients who underwent surgery due to benign tumors. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) concentrations in tissue homogenates and sera were evaluated. The mean t-PA concentration in PC tissue homogenates was 12.3 ± 2 (7.5, 15) ng/mg. Compared with the t-PA concentration in the PC group, lower concentrations of t-PA (3.3 ± 0.7 (2.2, 4.7) ng/mg and 5.9 ± 0.8 (4.6, 7.3) ng/mg (P < 0.01)) were observed in tissue homogenates of the CP and the NMCG patients, respectively. Although serum concentrations of t-PA did not differ between patient groups, in PC patients, the t-PA concentrations were higher in sera than in tissue homogenates. In contrast, the CP and NMCG patient groups had lower t-PA concentrations in sera compared with tissue homogenates. Increasing tissue homogenate t-PA concentrations were associated with blood vessels infiltration. Tissue homogenate and serum t-PA concentrations were not related to the survival rate of patients with PC. The t-PA concentration above 7.45 ng/ml in tissue homogenates was indicative of PC. We concluded that higher concentrations of t-PA were observed in pancreatic cancer tissue compared to chronic pancreatitis, suggesting its potential role in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. In contrast, the lack of significant differences in the serum t-PA concentrations between treatment groups suggests that serum t-PA concentrations may not be suitable as a biomarker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Altered elastase-alpha1-antitrypsin balance in the blood of patients with chronic venous disease.

OBJECTIVES: Although leukocyte elastase is suspected to be involved in the damage of vein wall during chronic venous disease, the equilibrium between this protease and its inhibitor, alpha1-antitrypsin, has not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between leukocyte elastase and alpha1-antitrypsin, in the blood of patients with chronic venous disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The concentration and the activity of leukocyte elastase along with the activity of alpha1-antitrypsin were evaluated in the blood of 55 chronic venous disease patients. The results were compared with those obtained in 33 healthy age and sex-matched volunteers. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the leukocyte elastase activity that correlated with an increased alpha1-antitrypsin activity was observed in the serum of patients with mild clinical symptoms of chronic venous disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study did not confirm a hypothesis about an important role of proteolytic activity of leukocyte elastase in the vein wall injury mechanism. They show that the leukocyte elastase-alpha1-antitrypsin balance is rather shifted toward antiprotease activity, especially in an early stage of chronic venous disease.

Post-operative Venous Thromboembolism in Patients Operated on for Aorto-iliac Obstruction and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, and the Application of Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: In light of the methods generally used to assess the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), major vascular operations should be regarded as high risk procedures. Nevertheless, no principles for implementing and maintaining thromboprophylaxis have so far been developed. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and nature of VTE occurrence in patients routinely applying pharmacological thromboprophylaxis following implantation of an aorto-bifemoral prosthesis. METHODS: The prospective non-randomized study included 105 patients with aortoiliac obstruction and 119 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treated surgically. During hospitalization pharmacological thromboprophylactic procedures were observed. A duplex test was performed on the day before surgery, on the day of discharge, and 30 days after the patients had left the hospital. RESULTS: VTE was detected in 18.1% of the patients with aortoiliac obstruction (9.5% of patients during hospitalization and 8.6% of patients after discharge). VTE was diagnosed in 21.0% of patients with AAA (15.1% of patients during hospitalization and 5.9% of patients after discharge). The incidence of VTE was comparable in both groups, both during hospitalization (p = .51) and in the 30 day period following the end of hospitalization (p = .48). It is advisable that before hospital discharge routine duplex ultrasonography tests should be conducted on the venous systems of all patients who have undergone major vascular operations. CONCLUSIONS: It is likewise advisable to consider whether thromboprophylaxis for vascular patients should be extended beyond their discharge from hospital.

Sulodexide suppresses inflammation in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

AIM: According to previously performed studies, inflammation plays a crucial role in vein wall and leg tissue injury related to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) development. Sulodexide (SUL) is a balanced mix of glycosaminoglycans with potential anticoagulant and profibrinolytic activity, also protecting endothelial cells and suppressing inflammatory reactions in various vascular disease-related conditions. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of SUL in patients with CVI. METHODS: The study was performed on a group of 11 patients with chronic venous disease (stage C5 according to CEAP classification). The mean age of the patients was 58.4±7.7 years, and none of them were diabetic. The patients were treated for 8 weeks with orally-administered SUL (2 x 500 LSU/day). Blood samples were collected at the start and at the end of the study for measurement of MMP-9, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Additionally, the effect of the obtained serum samples on the function of human venous endothelial cells (HVEC) in in-vitro culture was evaluated. RESULTS: After treatment with SUL, the serum concentration of MMP-9 (ng/mL) decreased from 6.50±3.48 to 5.41±1.36, P<0.05, and the concentration of IL-6 (pg/mL) decreased from 11.5±3.4 to 10.1±2.3, P<0.005. There was also a trend of decreased serum MCP-1 (pg/mL) from 31.3±23.0 before treatment to 27.1±10.7 at the end. Intracellular generation of oxygen-derived free radicals in HVEC maintained in in-vitro culture was lower in the serum samples collected after treatment with SUL: 3.09±0.35 abs/µg protein vs. 3.63±0.32 abs/µg protein, at the start, P<0.05. Synthesis of IL-6 was lower in HVEC exposed in vitro to serum collected at the end of SUL treatment: 1.02±0.31 ng/µg cell protein vs. 1.32±0.41 ng/µg cell protein before SUL treatment. The proliferation rate of HVEC was similar in serum collected at the beginning and at the end of SUL treatment. CONCLUSION: We conclude that treatment with SUL in patients with CVI reduces intravascular inflammation and is protective for the endothelial cells and for the extracellular matrix changes related to metalloproteinase expression.

Analysis of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulant drugs in the secondary stroke prevention in patients with AF: single center experience based on 311 patients.

AIM: According to the performed trials, an introduction of the new oral anticoagulant drugs (NOAC) in the chronic anticoagulation in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF) is an interesting treatment option. In addition to the encouraging results of the randomized controlled trials the efficacy of this treatment modality in the real-world clinical settings should also be confirmed. In the article, the two-year single center experience with NOACs in the secondary prevention of cerebral stroke in patients with NVAF and previous ischemic stroke was presented. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of the NOACs in the secondary stroke prevention in patients with NVAF. METHODS: Three hundred eleven patients (M/F 98/213) with NVAF (mean age 62.22 years [41-85]) on NOAC in secondary prevention of cardiogenic stroke, were enrolled into a prospective study. All of them started the therapy during the acute period of cerebral ischemia from III to IX day after the stroke onset. The estimated risk of stroke was based on the CHA2DS2VASc and the risk of hemorrhage on the basis of HAS-BLED scale. Patients underwent a long-term follow-up within the period from 12 to 24 months after initiation of NOAC therapy (mean follow up 18.6 months). 230 patients were treated by the means of rivaroxaban, in 78 patients dabigatran was administered and 1 patient received apixaban. The rate of stroke recurrence, bleeding as well as the drug intolerance were evaluated. RESULTS: Ischemic stroke during NOAC treatment was diagnosed in 6 patients (1.92%); TIA was observed in 3 cases (0.96%). Hemorrhagic complications during follow-up were recorded in 29 patients (9.32%), of which 3 patients had major bleedings (0,96%): intracranial bleeding (1), bleeding from the genital tract (1) and from the urinary tract (1). There were no deaths caused by bleeding associated with the use of medications, 1 patient died after ischemic stroke when taking NOACs. In 59 patients (18.97%) NOAC therapy was discontinued in the course of follow-up, mostly because of bleeding (29 patients) or renal function worsening (10 patients). There were no significant differences in the efficacy and safety between the groups on selective factor II inhibitor (dabigatran) or factor Xa inhibitor (rivaroxaban). CONCLUSION: Clinical application of NOAC in a real-world clinical setting results in the treatment profile of high efficacy and acceptable safety for patients with non-valvular AF and stroke.

Endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic venous disease: an evaluation based on the flow-mediated dilatation test.

AIM: The vascular system constitutes a functional whole, and it has been assumed that the arterial endothelium and the venous endothelium are organs integral to internal secretion. Despite previous studies concerning the potential role of endothelial cells in the development of chronic venous disease (CVD), there is still no direct clinical confirmation of endothelial dysfunction in CVD patients. The aim of this study was to document the presence of endothelial cell dysfunction in a clinical setting in CVD patients. METHODS: In this study, the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) test was performed in 131 patients with CVD (at stages C0s-C3 according to the CEAP classification) and 84 healthy volunteers. With the help of a precise algorithm, all the patients with other confirmed factors that could potentially influence endothelial activity were excluded from the examination. RESULTS: FMD test values were lower in the CVD group (median: 7.87 ± 3.31%) compared to the control group (median: 12.06 ± 3.94%) (p<0.05). With sex separation and partition into two age groups (20-40 and 41-60 yrs.), characteristic, significant FMD value differences were obtained. In the statistical analysis, the clinical severity of CVD negatively correlated with the FMD value. CONCLUSION: According to the FMD test results, endothelial dysfunction was observed in patients with CVD. The change in the endothelial activity observed in this examination correlates with the clinical severity of chronic venous disease.

The value of extended preoperative thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin in patients with ovarian cancer qualified to surgical treatment.

AIM: Ovarian cancer (OC) is associated with a high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in both, pre- and postoperative period. The aim of the study was to analyse the efficacy and the safety of an early prophylaxis with dalteparin in patients with OC qualified to surgery. METHODS: The prospective, non-randomized study was performed in the group of OC patients qualified to surgical treatment. The study group (SG) consisted of 37 patients with OC in whom thromboprophylaxis was started at the moment of qualification to the surgery (mean 16,1 days ± 11,32 SD before procedure). The control group (CG) consisted of 61 patients with OC qualified to surgery in whom thromboprophylaxis was started 12 hour before surgical treatment. The duration of postoperative prophylaxis was 4 weeks in both groups. Dalteparin 5000 U/day was used in both groups. The primary end points were occurrence of VTE and major bleeding. The patients underwent color Doppler US and D-dimer (DD) assessment at the moment of qualification for surgery, 1 day before and 7, 14, 28 days and 3 months after procedure. RESULTS: The total duration of thromboprophylaxis was 45.3 ± 10.7 days in SG and 27.9 ± 3.7 days in CG (P < 0.0001). The deep venous thrombosis rate was 2,7% in SG and 16.4% in CG (P = 0.042). Neither pulmonary embolism, nor major bleeding were observed. Median preoperative DD concentration in all patients was 1700 ng/ml and was significantly higher in patients who developed postoperative DVT when compared to those who did not, 2556.8 and 1691.0 ng/mL respectively (P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION: Prolonged preoperative thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin in patients with ovarian cancer qualified to the surgical treatment is safe, decreases the risk of thromboembolic complications. To determine indication, dosage and timing of such thromboprophylaxis in this group of patients further studies are required.

Effect of Laser Irradiation at Different Wavelengths (940, 808, and 658 nm) on Pressure Ulcer Healing: Results from a Clinical Study.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY WAS TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY OF LASER THERAPY (AT DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS: 940, 808, and 658 nm) for treating pressure ulcers. The primary endpoint in this trial included both the percentage reduction of the ulcer surface area and the percentage of completely healed wounds after one month of therapy (ulcer healing rate). The secondary endpoint was the ulcer healing rate at the follow-up evaluation (3 months after the end of the study). In total, 72 patients with stage II and III pressure ulcers received laser therapy once daily, 5 times per week for 1 month using a (GaAlAs) diode laser with a maximum output power of 50 mW and continuous radiation emission. Three separate wavelengths were used for the laser treatment: 940 nm (group I), 808 nm (group II), and 658 nm (group III). An average dose of 4 J/cm(2) was applied. In group IV, a placebo was applied (laser device was turned off). The laser therapy at a wavelength of 658 nm appeared to be effective at healing pressure ulcers. The wavelengths of 808 and 940 nm did not have any effect in our study.

Stan scheller: the forerunner of clinical studies on using propolis for poor and chronic nonhealing wounds.

For hundreds of years poor and chronic nonhealing wounds have constituted a serious problem to medicine. What is more, treating such wounds is an expensive let alone a long-lasting process. The following paper describes Professor Scheller's achievements in using propolis for poor and chronic non-healing wounds. The authors' intention was to present the results connected with the use of the ethanolic extract propolis, in the treatment of patients suffering from burns, venous crural ulceration, local sacral bone pressure ulcers, suppurative osteitis and arthritis, suppurative postoperative local wound complications, and infected traumatic wounds.

Topical treatment of nonhealing venous leg ulcer with propolis ointment.

An investigation of effectiveness of topical treatment of nonhealing chronic venous leg ulcers with propolis ointment was conducted. 56 patients were included in the study and randomized into two groups. In group 1, there were 28 patients (ulceration area: 6.9-9.78 cm(2)) treated by means of topical propolis ointment application and short stretch bandage compression. In group 2, there were 29 patients (ulceration area: 7.2-9.4 cm(2)) treated by means of Unna boot leg compression without topical propolis treatment. In the study, the efficacy of both treatment methods in patients with resistive venous leg ulcers was compared. The ulceration of patients from group 1 healed completely after 6 weeks of therapy in all cases. In all patients from group 2, the process of healing was longer but successfully completed after 16 weeks of the therapy. We found that an adjunctive propolis ointment treatment increases the efficacy of the short stretch bandage compression stocking, and this combined treatment is more effective than Unna's boot compression alone.

Neck duplex Doppler ultrasound evaluation for assessing chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis patients.

INTRODUCTION: Recent clinical studies have suggested a relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and the occurrence of pathological changes in the jugular, vertebral and azygous veins that result in abnormal blood outflow from the brain and the spinal cord. Together, these pathological changes have been designated chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of duplex Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of central nervous system venous outflow disturbances in patients suffering from MS. METHODS: We examined 181 patients with MS, diagnosed on the basis of the McDonald criteria, and 50 healthy volunteer controls. All patients underwent Doppler ultrasound examination of the internal jugular veins (IJV) and vertebral veins (VVs). The presence of outflow disturbances and morphological abnormalities were evaluated. RESULTS: Pathological changes in the extracranial jugular veins were diagnosed in 148/181 MS patients (82%) and 7/50 control group volunteers (14%). The following abnormalities in the MS group were revealed: the presence of a reflux in the IJVs and/or VVs (54%), narrowing (54%), a complete block in the flow through the IJV (10%) and an abnormal postural control of the cerebral outflow route (25%). These particular pathologies were of statistical significance in the MS group compared with the control group. This study also revealed a correlation between the occurrence of inverted flow in patients in a sitting position and chronic progressive MS (P = 0.0033). CONCLUSIONS: The examinations undertaken indicate a possible connection between MS and CCSVI. The widely accessible and highly sensitive and specific Doppler ultrasound test may be useful for revealing, and preliminary analysis of, CCSVI pathologies.

Smooth muscle cell apoptosis in primary varicose veins.

OBJECTIVES: One of the important factors responsible for vessel wall remodelling is programmed cell death. In the paper the role of smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis in primary varicose veins (PVV) is investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Vein specimens were obtained from 40 patients with PVV. In each case proximal and distal (upper crural) great saphenous veins (GSV) were harvested. Morphometric computer assessed quantitative evaluation of SMCs, collagen and elastin content was carried out. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay. The levels of p53, BAX, BCLl-2 and p21 mRNA expression were assessed by real time RT-QPCR and the presence of respective proteins in the vessel wall was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the proximal GSV segments a significant increase of p53, p21 and BCL-2 mRNA levels was found in PVV patients. In the distal segments BAX and BCL-2 expression levels were higher. Taking into account the patient age, elevated p53 mRNA expression level was noticed in the distal incompetent GSVs of young PVV patients. In this group a statistically significant increase in the apoptotic index (APIx) within the vein media was found which correlated positively with p53 mRNA expression level. There was no increase of the apoptotic activity in elderly patients that led to the structural changes increase. In proximal GSV segments, despite SMC amount reduction or presence of structural changes in perivalvular wall region, no increase of the APIx with was noticed. CONCLUSIONS: P53-related apoptosis is one of the regulatory mechanisms of vein wall homeostasis maintenance. During varicose vein development its activation is related to the early stages of the disease. In the further course, the down-regulation of the SMC apoptosis within the vein media leads to the structural changes increase. The reduction of the SMC population corresponding to an increase of p21 expression in proximal saphenous vein segments suggests that the cell cycle disturbances may lead to the 'weakness' of the proximal GSV wall. Valve injury is not the only factor leading to the varicose veins occurrence.

The effect of prolonged ischaemia and cryopreservation on the cell viability of human aortic and femoral artery allografts.

The viability of the human arterial allograft cells depends on the time and method of vessel procurement and storage. In this study, an evaluation of the effect of the duration of 4 degrees C ischaemia and cryopreservation on human aortic and femoral artery allograft viability was performed. After the isolation of arterial wall cells, the identification of cultured cells was performed using mRNA analysis for estimation of smooth-muscle markers of differentiation: desmin and heavy-caldesmon. The viability of cells from the medial layer of the aortic wall ranged from 74 to 90% (61-79% for femoral arteries). Cold ischaemia time (from harvesting until the beginning of the preparation) is a statistically significant factor influencing smooth muscle cell viability. Smooth muscle cells represented the majority of live cell population.

[Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm]. / Zapalny tetniak aorty brzusznej.

The reported incidence of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA) is from 2% to 14% of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and the etiology of this disease is still discussed--according to the literature several pathogenic theories have been proposed. From 1992 to 1997 32 patients with IAAA were operated on. The patients were mostly symptomatic--abdominal pain was present in 68.75% cases, back pain in 31.25%, fever in 12.5% and weight loss in 6.25% of the operated patients. In all the patients ultrasound examination was performed, in 4 patients CT and in 3 cases urography. All the patients were operated on and characteristic signs of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm like: thickened aortic wall, perianeurysmal infiltration or retroperitoneal fibrosis with involvement of retroperitoneal structures were found. In all cases surgery was performed using transperitoneal approach; in three cases intraoperatively contiguous abdominal organs were injured, which was connected with their involvement into periaortic inflammation. In 4 cases clamping of the aorta was done at the level of the diaphragmatic hiatus. 3 patients (9.37%) died (one patient with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm). Authors present diagnostic procedures and the differences in the surgical tactic, emphasizing the necessity of the surgical therapy in patients with inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Coexistence of ochronosis and rheumatoid arthritis: a cause of delay in diagnosis and treatment.

Two rheumatic diseases can often coexist despite the interesting fact that gout and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are infrequently associated. We describe a patient with familial history of alkaptonuria and rheumatoid arthritis who developed both diseases. The exact time of onset of the RA was difficult to ascertain. The RA seemed to be rapidly progressive, possibly because of the delayed recognition, overly cautious drug treatment, or additive effects of the two diseases. Physicians should keep in mind the possible coexistence of two joint diseases in patients who are not doing well.

Low-dose glucose-insulin-potassium is ineffective in acute myocardial infarction: results of a randomized multicenter Pol-GIK trial.

We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) in acute myocardial infarction. Experimental data provided evidence of the beneficial effects of GIK on ischemic myocardium. The clinical trials, mostly uncontrolled and conducted mainly before the thrombolytic era, were inconclusive due to the small number of patients and discrepancies in protocols. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention, we have performed a prospective multicenter randomized study. The study consisted of 954 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) randomized within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms to low-dose GIK (n = 494), which consisted of 1000 mL 10% dextrose, 32-20 U insulin, and 80 mEq K-, or to the control group (n = 460), which was given 1000 mL 0.89% sodium chloride, by intravenous 24-hour infusion at a rate of 42 mL/h. Cardiac mortality and the occurrence of cardiac events at 35 days did not differ between GIK and control-allocated patients (32 (6.5%) vs. 21 (4.6%), respectively; OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.79-2.68, P = 0.20; and 214 (43.3%) vs. 192 (41.7%), OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.82-1.38, P = 0.62). Total mortality at 35 days was significantly higher in the GIK than in the control group (44 (8.9%) vs. 22 (4.8%), respectively, OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.12-3.47, P = 0.01). The excess of non-cardiac deaths in the GIK group may have occurred by chance. Low-dose GIK treatment does not improve the survival and clinical course in acute MI.

[Eventration as a complication in general and vascular surgery]. / Ewentracja jako powiklanie w chirurgii ogólnej i naczyniowej.

Eventration is a serious complication in the abdominal surgery. Despite the surgical suture technique improvement the frequency of this complication is still increasing. In the paper the cases of the patients operated for the diseases requiring laparotomy from November 1991 to December 1997 were retrospectively analysed. There were 4030 laparotomies done because of vascular or other surgical diseases. In 23 cases eventrations were postoperatively observed (0.57%). Mean age was 58.7 years. 11 patients were qualified for the emergency surgery (6 patients with acute abdominal diseases and 5 with vascular diseases). 12 patients were operated electively (6 patients--general surgery, 5--vascular reasons). Among 23 patients with eventrations--16 patients were qualified for the relaparotomy with abdominal cavity suture. In 7 cases because of bad general condition of the patient only the skin suture above the eventration in the intensive care station was performed and abdomen was wrapped with the bandage. There were 8 deaths: 2 patients (8.7%) after skin suture and 6 patients (26.1%) after reoperation. Respiratory or respiratory and circulatory insufficiency was observed in 13 patients (56.5%). In 60.8% of cases (14 patients) wound infection was recognized and in 3 cases sepsis occurred in the postoperative period. The disease that was the reason for the surgery did not play a significant part in the eventration occurrence frequency. The condition of the patient before the surgery was the most important prognostic factor of the eventration. In patients with bad condition it is more convenient to perform the suture of the skin above the abdominal viscera first and later the reoperation.

[The infection of the vascular prosthesis treated by the human cryopreserved allograft implantation: a case report]. / Infekcja protezy naczyniowej leczona wszczepieniem ludzkiego mrozonego allograftu--opis przypadku.

75 years old patient was admitted to the Department with infection of the previously implanted bifurcated aorto-bifemoral by-pass. Periprosthetic retroperitoneal abdominal abscess in the US--colour doppler examination was recognized. Unilateral femoral pulse was present--the patient after femoral amputation of the right leg. In the first step of the treatment, the drainage of the periprosthetic abscess was performed. Because of poor results of the local and pharmacological treatment and bleeding from the prosthesis, in the next step, human cryopreserved aorto--femoral allograft was implanted "in situ". Simultaneously, bifurcated prosthesis was evacuated. In the postoperative period, healing of the inquinal wounds was excellent. There were no problems connected with peripheral circulation. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 24th post-operative day in the good local and general condition. Homograft is an efficient and promising alternative for the treatment of severe vascular prosthesis infections.