RESUMEN
Starting August 2012, an increase in Cryptosporidium infections was reported in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Germany. It represented a 1.8 to 4.9-fold increase compared to previous years. Most samples were C. hominis IbA10G2. A casecontrol study was performed in the Netherlands but did not identify an endemic source. A casecase study in the north of England found travel abroad to be the most common risk factor.
Asunto(s)
Criptosporidiosis/epidemiología , Cryptosporidium/genética , Heces/parasitología , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Criptosporidiosis/parasitología , Cryptosporidium/clasificación , Cryptosporidium/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Genotipo , Alemania/epidemiología , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Incidencia , Masculino , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Factores de Riesgo , Estaciones del Año , Distribución por Sexo , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A population-based anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is important for surveillance purposes and it provides insight into the burden of disease. The outcomes of recent studies in the general Dutch population as well as recent HCV data from specific risk groups including migrants, men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs), were implemented in a modified version of the Workbook Method (a spreadsheet originally designed for HIV estimations), to estimate Dutch HCV seroprevalence. The estimated national seroprevalence of HCV was 0·22% (min 0·07%, max 0·37%), corresponding to 28 100 (min n = 9600, max n = 48 000) HCV-infected individuals in The Netherlands. Of these, first-generation migrants from HCV-endemic countries (HCV prevalence ≥2%) accounted for the largest HCV-infected group, followed by IDUs and HIV-positive MSM.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Migrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Hepatitis C/etiología , Homosexualidad Masculina/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Vigilancia de la Población , Prevalencia , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/complicaciones , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/virología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Viral hepatitis causes major disease burden worldwide, due to the chronic hepatitis sequelae: cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. Transmission of viral hepatitis is a problem not only in low-income countries, but also in high-income ones where viral hepatitis is a frequently occurring infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). Although the transmission routes of the three main hepatitis viruses, A, B and C, differ, MSM mainly acquire viral hepatitis during sexual contact. Vaccination programmes (only available for hepatitis A and B), raising awareness, and screening can be used to prevent transmission. However, despite the introduction of such methods in many high-income countries, the spread of viral hepatitis among MSM is still ongoing. This paper provides an overview of sexually acquired hepatitis A, B, and C among MSM in high-income countries, using recent insights obtained through molecular epidemiology, with the aim to raise awareness, improve vaccination coverage, and stimulate prevention programs.